Points to think about RAD BIO 2/7/12 week4 y y y y Negatrons are produced by radioactive decay and pair productions?

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids? Photons have no charge and no mass? The difference between X-rays and gamma rays, is that gamma rays are emitted when electrons change orbital shells and X-rays come from the nucleus? F The unit of radiation quantity is what? The _____ is the unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure? The law of Bergonie & Tribondeau states what? Which of the following would be considered most radiosensitive: the fetus, the pediatric pt., teenage pt., adult pt.? Fetus Natural background radiation exposure depends on geographic location? T Gamma radiation travels the shortest distance in air? Which researcher discovered mutations related to exposure to ionizing radiation? Radiation induced skin reddening is the definition of _____? Erythema The _____ is the basic functional unit of all plants and animals? Cell The ______ in the cell are nucleic acids? DNA & RNA DNA is located in the ______ of the cell? Nucleus The _____ have the function of cleaning contaminates of the cell? Lysosomes The cell is _____ when it is not undergoing miosis or mitosis? Interphase During what phase of cell life does each DNA molecule replicate into two daughter DNA molecules? S phase What are the backbones of the DNA structure composed of? Sugar The M phase of the cell includes (in order) ? Which has no medical uses? Alpha particles DNA is tightly coiled and is visible under a microscope in which phase? The ______ makes ribosome s? The ______ creates energy for the cell? Mitochondria ______ is responsible for detoxification? Smooth ER Patient dose is usually expressed in? Gray One Gy is equal to how many milli rads? 1000 Gy The curie is greater than the Bequerel? One rad is equal to one rem? When an atom loses or gains an ion the process is called? Ionization What component of the cell produces proteins? Ribosomes What is called the cell soup? Cytosole Name the purine nitrogenous bases? Adenine & guanine Name the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases? Cytosine & thymine

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SI unit for exposure in air(C/kg), absorbed dose (Gy), occupational dose unit(Sv), radioactive decay (Bq), traditional radioactive decay(Curie), traditional absorbed

dose(Rad), traditional exposure in air (roetnegen), traditional occupational exposure (rem)?

What happens in these phases? Interpahse: majority of cell growth occurs, chromatids reproduce, the nucleolus is distinct Prophase: 3% of the cell cycle, chromatid becomes chromosomes Metaphase: chromosomes align across the equator of the cell, contains the metaphase plate Anaphase: each centriomere divides in two, chromosomes move toward opposite poles, set chromosomes has assembled at each pole of the cell Telophase: cytokinesis begins, nucleoli reappears, chromosomes uncoil, nuclear membrane reappear

Increasing sensitivity to radiation (weakest to strongest) y y y y y y y y y Lymphocytes Erythrocytes, granulocytes Epithelial cells Endothelial cells Connective tissue Bone cells Nerve cells Brain cells Muscle cells

Points to think about RAD BIO 2/1/12 week3 y y y y Do all tumors re-oxygenate at the same rate? F Is BBUDR a radio protector? Are cells are most sensitive when exposed to high LET radiation? Acute responding normal tissues manifest their injuries within a few months after radiation?

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Acute side effects of treatment related ionizing radiation are exclusively due to total volume of radiation treated? Cellular response to high LET varies by dose rate? Carbohydrates contain enzymes? Mitosis occurs in germs cells? D0 is a good measure of sub-lethal of SLD repair capacity Equal doses of different of ionizing radiation produce equal biological effects? For a given particle, as its velocity increases, LET increases? In order to produce the same biological effect of a single fraction of 500cGy, the total dose of a fractionated treatment will be greater than 500cGy? Organ dose can be measured directly? Populations that do not divide are generally radiosensitive? Protons have a higher LET than gamma rays? SLD repairs increases with increasing LET? Interval to completion of therapy or the total number days a patient is under treatment is an important variable for local tumor control? The OER is greater for densely ionizing radiation? In deciding upon treatment protocol, tumor radiosensitivity is more important to consider than normal tissue radiosensitivity? RBE relates the ability of different energy doses, energies, or types to produce a specific biological response? The greatest is deposited as charged particle, such as a proton comes to rest? The indirect action of radiation is mediated by the generation of DNA radicals? The presence of oxygen increases the effectiveness of irradiation? Tumors have more SLD repair capacity than normal tissues?