CARBON NANOTUBE

VIVEK KUMAR solevivek@gmail.com

ABSRACT:
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a recently discovered allotrope of carbon. They take the form of cylindrical carbon molecules and have novel properties that make them potentially useful in a wide variety of applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat. Inorganic nanotubes have also been synthesized.

INTRDUCTION:
Carbon nanotubes are wires of pure carbon with nanometer diameters and lengths of many microns. A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) may be thought of as a single atomic layer thick sheet of graphite (called graphene) rolled into a seamless cylinder. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) consist of several concentric nanotube shells.

HISTORY:
carbon nanotubes is a direct consequence of the synthesis of buckminsterfullerene, C60, and other fullerenes, in 1985. . It was using such an evaporator that the Japanese scientist Sumio Iijima discovered fullerene-related carbon nanotubes in 1991. The tubes contained at least two layers, often many more, and ranged in outer diameter from about 3 nm to 30 nm. In 1993, a new class of carbon nanotube was discovered, with just a single layer. These singlewalled nanotubes are generally narrower than the multiwalled tubes, with diameters typically in the range 1-2 nm, and tend to be curved rather than straight. Recent research has focused on improving the quality of catalytically-produced nanotubes.

PROPERTIES:
        Strength Kinetic Electrical Thermal Conductance and Mobility Arc discharge Laser ablation Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)

APPLICATIONS:  
   Clothes: waterproof tear-resistant cloth fibers. Ultrahigh-speed flywheels: The high strength/weight ratio enables very high speeds to be achieved. Concrete: In concrete, they increase the tensile strength, and halt crack propagation Polyethylene: Researchers have found that adding them to polyethylene increases the polymer's elastic modulus by 30%. Computer circuits: A nanotube formed by joining nanotubes of two different diameters end to end can act as a diode, Because of their good thermal properties, CNTs can also be used to dissipate heat from tiny computer chips. Displays: One use for nanotubes that has already been developed is as extremely fine electron guns, which could be used as miniature cathode ray tubes in thin highbrightness low-energy low-weight displays. T Solar cells: GE's carbon nanotube diode has a photovoltaic effect. Superconductor: Nanotubes have been shown to be superconducting at low temperatures. Electric motor brushes: Conductive carbon nanotubes have been used for several years in brushes for commercial electric motors.

  

REFERENCES:
www.google.com www.seminarprojects.com www.en.wikipedia.com www.ieee.org

SUBMITTED BY:
VIVEK KUMAR EC-65 3rd Year, 5th Seminar