[LINGUISTICS:FIGURATIVE EXPRESSION] WEEK 7 WEEK 7: Access information from the internet on at least 5 figurative expression and provide their

meaning Literal and figurative language is a distinction in traditional systems for analyzing language. Literal language refers to words that do not deviate from their defined meaning. Figurative language refers to words, and groups of words, that exaggerate or alter the usual meanings of the component words. Figurative language may involve analogy to similar concepts or other contexts, and may involve exaggerations. These alterations result in figures of speech. DETAILS AND EXAMPLES In traditional analysis, words in literal expressions denote what they mean according to common or dictionary usage, while the words in figurative expressions connotethey add layers of meaning. To convert an utterance into meaning, the human mind requires a cognitive framework, made up of memories of all the possible meanings that might be available to apply to the particular words in their context. This set of memories will give prominence to the most common or literal meanings, but also suggest reasons for attributing meanings, e.g., the reader understands that the author intended it to mean something different. For example, the sentence "The ground is thirsty" is partly figurative: "Ground" has a literal meaning, but the ground is not alive and therefore neither needs to drink nor feels thirst. Readers immediately reject a literal interpretation and confidently interpret the words to mean "The ground is dry," an analogy to the condition that would trigger thirst in an animal. However, the statement "When I first saw her, my soul began to quiver" is harder to interpret. It could describe infatuation, panic, or something else entirely. The context a person requires to interpret this statement is familiarity with the speaker's feelings. Other people can give a few words a provisional set of meanings, but cannot understand the figurative utterance until acquiring more information about it. Figurative language departs from literal meaning to achieve a special effect or meaning. Techniques for doing so are listed in the article on Figures of speech.This can been found in many books and paragraphs. It is good to include both of these in storys and essays. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES Simile [sim-mil-lee]. A figure of speech in which one thing is explicitly compared to another, as in she is like a rose. Compare metaphor. Example: Suzie is as quiet as a mouse and as tall as a giraffe

[LINGUISTICS:FIGURATIVE EXPRESSION] WEEK 7 Metaphor [met-uh-fawr, -fer] A figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in A mighty fortress is our God. Compare mixed metaphor, simile def. Example: She was a hippo compared to her aunt. Onomatopoeia [on-no-mat-oh-pee-uh, mah-tuh ] The formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent. Example: Bark! Bark! went the dog as he chased the car that vroomed past. Personification [per-son-uh-fi-kay-shuhn] The attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure. Example: The sun opened its sleepy eyes and smiled down on the Earth as a new day began. Oxymoron A figure of speech in which a pair of opposite or contradictory terms are used together for emphasis. Examples: Organized chaos, or Same difference. Paradox A statement or proposition which is self-contradictory, unreasonable, or illogical. Example: This statement is a lie. Hyperbole A figure of speech which uses an extravagant or exaggerated statement to express strong feelings. Example: They had been walking so long John thought he might drink the entire lake when they came upon it. Extended metaphor A metaphor that is continued over multiple sentences.[8] Example: Suzie is a beautiful young flowering girl. Her cheeks are flush with the spring of life. She has the fragrance of youth about her. Anthropomorphism [an-throw-po-morph-ism] The attribution of a human nature or character to non-human forms of life or to inanimate objects. Example: The plant greeted the rain with pleasure. Allusion [al-us-yon] Reference to a famous character or event. Example: Like Hercules, he is so strong.