ChE 324: Transport Phenomena page 1

Evaluation of Transport Properties

Determination of Transport
Properties
A. Using data from Tables/Charts
1. Mass Diffusivity (D )
a) Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
(8th Edition):
i) Table 2-324: Diffusivities of Pairs of
Gases and Vapors (1 atm)
(Use D
g
P/T
3/2
=constant for other
temp.)
ii) Table 2-325: Diffusivities in
Liquids at 25
o
C (Use D
L
/T =
constant for other temp.)
b) Foust
i) Appendix D-11a/745 Gases at 25
o
C
and 1 atm in air
ii) Appendix D-11b/745: Liquids at
20
o
C, dilute solutions
2. Thermal Conductivity (k)
a) Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
(8th Edition):
i) Table 2-316: Thermal Conductivity
of selected gases at 1 atm
ii) Table 2-320 and Fig. 2-33: Thermal
Conductivity of Organic Liquids
iii) Table 2-326: Thermal Conductivity
of some building and insulating
materials and Metals
iv) Table 2-327: Thermal Conductivity
Temperature table for metals
v) Table 2-314: Vapor Thermal
Conductivity of Inorganic and
Organic Substances
vi) Table 2-315: Thermal Conductivity
of Inorganic and Organic Liquids
vii) Others - Table 2-323, 2-328, 2-
329, 2-330, 2-331, 2-332 & 2-333
b) Foust
i) Appendix D-10 a/741 : Thermal
conductivity of gases and vapors
ii) Appendix D-10 b/742: Thermal
conductivity of liquids
iii) Appendix D-10 c/742: Thermal
conductivity of
metals/miscellaneous materials
3. Viscosity ()
a) Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
(8th Edition):
i) Table 2-316: Viscosity of selected
gases at 1 atm
ii) Table 2-318 and Fig 2-32: Viscosity
of liquids at 1 atm
iii) Table 2-319: Viscosity of Sucrose
Solutions
iv) Table 2-312: Vapor Viscosity of
Inorganic and Organic Substances
v) Table 2-313: Viscosity of Inorganic
and Organic Liquids
b) Foust: Appendix D-9/740: Viscosity of
gases and liquids at 1 atm
*Evaluation of Other Important
Properties:
1. Specific Heat/Heat Capacities
a) Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
(8th Edition):
i) Table 2-151 and 2-152: Heat
Capacities of the Elements and
Inorganic Compounds
ii) Table 2-153: Heat Capacities of
Inorganic and Organic Liquids
(Note: correction in the formula)
iii) Table 2-154: Specific Heats of
Organic Solids
iv) Table 2-158 to Table 2-175:
Specific Heats of Aqueous
Solutions
v) Table 2-176 and Table 2-177
Specific Heats of Miscellaneous
substances
b) Foust: App. D-13: Specific Heats of
gases/liquids/solids
2. Density/Specific Gravity
a) Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook
(8th Edition):
i) Table 2-1 and 2-2: Physical
Properties of Organic and
Inorganic Substances
ii) Table 2-30: Density of water
iii) Table 2-31: Density of Mercury
from 0 to 350
o
C
iv) Table 2-32: Density of Organic and
Inorganic Liquids
v) Table 2-33 to Table 2-107:
Densities of Aqueous Inorganic
Solutions
vi) Table 2-108 to Table 2-119:
Densities of Aqueous Organic
Solutions
vii) Table 2-120: Approximate
Specific Gravities and Densities of
Miscellaneous solids and liquids
viii) Table 2-121: Densities of Selected
Elements as a Function of
Temperature
b) Foust: Appendix D-12: Density of
Various Compounds
ChE 324: Transport Phenomena page 2
Evaluation of Transport Properties
B. Using Analytical Models
1. Gases
a) Model Gases (based on Maxwell
Boltzmann Distribution):
i) D =
4 81 10
24
3
2
2
1
2
. x T
P M

D = Mass Diffusivity, m
2
/s
T = Absolute Temp, K
P = Pressure, Pa
ii)

5 79 10
25
2
. x MT

= sphere diameter for model gas,

from, App D-5/736Foust
M = Molecular Weight, kg/gmol
= viscosity, kg/m s
iii) k
x T M

1 203 10
23
2
. /

k = Thermal Conductivity, W/mK
b) Real Gases
i) Lennard-Jones Model
D
ab
=
8 42 10
1
2
1 1
24
3
2
2
.
( )
x
T
M M
P
a b
ab

_
,

_
,

ab a b
+
1
2
( )

2
is evaluated from App D-6b/737F
using:
T
T
k
k k
x
k
ab
ab a b
*

where
ii) Gilliland Equation for Polar
Molecule
D =
( )
138 10
1 1
7 3
1
3
1
3
. x T
M M
P V V
a b
a b

_
,

+
where V = Molar volume at the normal
boiling point, m
3
/kg from
App D-7/738 or use the
following Table for V in
cm
3
/gmol:
= 8 44 10
25
2
1
. x
MT

where
2
is evaluated from
App D-6b/737F using:
T*=kT/
iii) For Monatomic Gases
k = 2 63 10
23
2
1
. x
MT

For Polyatomic Gases:
k +

1
]
1
15
4
4
15
3
5
R
M

Cv
R

where R = 8.314 J/gmolK
Cp=Cv + R
Cp, cal/g
o
C (8.314)(MW)
2. Liquids
a) Wilke and Chang Model
D =
5 88 10
15
1
2
0 6
. ( ) /
.
x M T V

where = Association parameter
= 2.6 for water; 1.9 for
methanol; 1.5, ethanol; ether,
benzene, heptane, 1.
V = Volume, m
3
Atomic volume (App D-7F)
(solvent for dilute
solutions) in Pa-s
M of solvent for dilute solns
in Kg/gmol
Ex. For HCl (H=3.7 cm
3
/g-atom,
Cl=21.6 cm
3
/g-atom)
Gas V Gas V
Air 29.9 I
2
71.5
Br
2
53.2 N
2
31.2
Cl
2
48.4 NH
3
25.8
CO
2
34 NO 23.6
H
2
14.3 N
2
O 36.4
H
2
O 18.9 O
2
25.6
H
2
S 32.9 SO
2
44.8
ChE 324: Transport Phenomena page 3
Evaluation of Transport Properties
H = (1 g-atom)(3.7 x 10
-6
m
3
/g-
atom)
Cl = (1) (21.6 x 10
-6
)
For HCl, V = 2.53 x 10
-5
m
3
b) Eyring Equation

4 10
10
38
x e
V
T
T
T
b
.
where T
b
= normal boiling temperature
(See Table 3-1 and 3-2/
Handbook)
V
T
= molar volume at T = M/
c) Weber Equation
k x Cp
M

_
,

359 10
9
1
3
.