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Project On Corruption in Pakistan
Project On Corruption in Pakistan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Definition....................................................................3 Corruption in Pakistan.................................................3 Factors which constitute corruption in Pakistan...........3 Corruption Report 2010 Transparency International. . .4 Some highlights of transparency international corruption report:.......................................................5 More from the Transparency international report.........5 Levels of Corruption in Pakistan...................................6 Percentage of Respondents having encountered Corruption in South Asian countries.............................6 Key Sectors Affected by Corruption in Pakistan............7 Corruption in judiciary:...........................................................7 Corruption in Tax and public finance:.....................................7 Corruption in political leaders:................................................7 General corruption Cases in Pakistan:....................................7 Impact of Corruption in Pakistan:.................................8 Defective or dangerous Infrastructure:...................................8 Inadequate Infrastructure:......................................................8 Lack of education:..................................................................8 Lack of hospital facilities:.......................................................9 Impacts of Corruption on poors:............................................9 Causes of Corruption and Current anti-corruption institutions in Pakistan................................................9 NAB (anti corruption institution in Pakistan)..............9
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Project on corruption in Pakistan 2011 Causes of Corruption in Pakistan:.............................10 Fault in political system.....................................................10 Politicization and inefficiency at top management levels...10 Need and Greed.................................................................10 Solution of corruption in Pakistan:.............................11 Suggestions about the system of government required for Pakistan are as follows:........................................12 Conclusion................................................................13
Conclusion
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WHAT IS CORRUPTION
Corruption creates such behavior on the part of office holders in the public or private sector whereby they improperly and unlawfully enrich themselves and/or those close to them, or induce others to do so, by misusing the position in which they are placed. Or Corruption is the behavior of private individuals or public officials who deviate from set responsibilities and use their position of power in order to serve private ends and secure private gains
CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN
Corruption is rampant (out of control) in Pakistan and is pushing our nation to a dead end. It is being constituted by favoritism, nepotism, misappropriation of public fund, bad debts and misuse of power, all these factors are on rise in Pakistan. The underlying motive of corruption is to provide some one unfair advantage at the expense of either another individual entity (person or corporate) or a collective entity (country, province, city, community or company). In all cases, it is illegal, dishonest, and/or unethical. A bribe may be a cash payment or a gift item of considerable value.
Page P r i n c i p l e s o f M a c r o E c o n o m i c
Every Pakistani is familiar with the word Corruption. Because they know there work can only be done in every department if they follow corruption, help corruption. It is impossible for an ordinary person to done his work by following the proper procedure in many Public departments. But from last few years after the end of Army regime the corruption perception has worsened especially the last year, as stated by the latest Transparency International Corruption report 2010. Though the 2010 Corruption Survey Report was an eye-opener, but this year it was shocking Khyber Pakhton Khawa Province (former N.W.F.P) beat all the provinces and has the highest rate of corruption in Pakistan.
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The report titled the National Corruption Perception Survey 2010 showed a high rise in corruption from 195 billion rupees in the year 2009 to 223 billion rupees in the year 2010. Bureaucracy and Police had maintained their ranking as the two of the most corrupt departments in public sector in 2010.
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Land administration departments were placed third in corrupt practices. Corruption in the judiciary, local government and education sectors has also increased as compared to the last year.
About 70 % of people believed that the previous military government of General Pervez Musharraf was less corrupt then the present Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) led coalition (partnership) government. In terms of bribery, land administration was the most corrupt sector, where average bribe paid in each incident was 46, 414 rupees.
Khyber Pukhton Khan is highlighted to be the most corrupt of all the provinces.
It is a widely held view that corruption in Pakistan is widespread, systematic, and that it is entrenched at all levels of government. A World Bank report containing an assessment of the Pakistans Infrastructure Capacity (PICA) dated February 2010 states that 25% of Pakistans Development budget for 2009-2010 was lost in the procurement process alone due to corruption. This does not include subsequent costs of corruption in the implementation and maintenance stages of projects. The important business publications such as World Economic Forums Global Competitiveness Report (2009-2010) say that corruption is the third greatest problem for companies for doing business in Pakistan. The report lists the first two problems as government bureaucracy and poor infrastructure. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) says that the World Bank and the Auditor General of Pakistan have complained about governance problems in recruitment, site selection, absenteeism and bribery. This has resulted in cancellation or suspension of some of the World Banks projects such as the Baluchistan Primary Education Project. Also, certain other loans were withheld after irregularities were uncovered.
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A survey of South Asian countries reports the following percentages of respondents for having encountered corruption in key sectors in various South-Asian countries:
Country
Education
General perceptions and actual public surveys about corruption show that Police, Power Sector, Judiciary, various Taxation departments (Custom duties, Income Tax), and irrigation departments are considered the most corruption prone departments in Pakistan. According to a report, appointments in the police force are often based on political considerations. The instances where conflicts of interest due to personal loyalties and family connections exist are numerous. Many complain that local landlords or urban groups with police support exploit poor people through extortion (bogus fines, etc.).
Corruption in judiciary:
According to a 2010 survey, 96 percent of the people said that they had encountered corruption in Judiciary. 44% of them reported that they paid a bribe to a court official. In Pakistan, The judiciary is not viewed as independent of the Executive side of the government
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Inadequate Infrastructure:
Incomplete roads, fewer classrooms in schools, dams that cannot stop floods or buildings that do not meet original requirements.
Lack of education:
Poor education standards as Schools remain unoccupied due to absence by teachers or fewer teachers to effectively educate students. Technical and Engineering schools that lack laboratory facilities or library books.
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Corruption can affect poor's political choices and participation Corruption affects poor's access to health services
Due to the corruption occurrence in our country, the poor is getting poorer and the rich is getting richest day by day. Even the basic health facilities are getting away from the poors. The poors have no access to the health services; most of them are unemployed or having very low wages which doesnt fulfill their basic requirements of life.
CAUSES OF CORRUPTION AND CURRENT ANTI-CORRUPTION INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN NAB (anti corruption institution in Pakistan)
In addition to the law enforcement agency call anti-corruption department which is largely a non-effective organization, a high-level body called National Accountability Bureau (NAB) is supposed to ensure accountability of high officials and political leaders. According to governance experts, the NAB is influenced by the military and largely ignores corruption by military. Its real function appears to be a tool for those in power to target political opponents and junior government officials. They rarely investigate cases against judges, military, and political allies of the group that is in power. Moreover, NAB suffers from structural limitations and its authority is widely contested. Other than innuendo and allegations, there is hardly any high-profile cases prosecuted in Pakistan.
Lack of effective Internal accountability mechanism Discretionary powers and their flagrant abuse by the public office holders Absence of and weakness of the watch-dog agencies Elected government's perpetual failure to develop proper ethical and business
P r i n c i p l e s o f M a c r o E c o n o m i c
1) Whole system of government including laws and rules of country needs to be reviewed by competent, well paid, positive and patriot, law knowing people who should be well educated and experts of laws and rules to revalidate and improve the laws, rules and procedures in totality. All sick laws, rules and procedures need to be improved, changed or destroyed as per need. The rules and laws should be easy to understand, logical and comfortable to implement 2) Fair, open and speedy trials and disposals of issues and cases according to law, along with accountability (But the accountability should be from top to bottom and not from bottom to top) 3) No innocent should ever suffer to any limit or be punished in any case. If by mistake it happens that must be compensated to satisfaction of sufferer. 4) Focus to law of tort should be brought in practice to improve the norms of society as in Europe 5) Proper and thorough monitoring towards implementation of rules and laws. 6) There must be a Better System of Government there is no any system of government which fails if not based on injustice and discrimination.
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SUGGESTIONS ABOUT THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT REQUIRED FOR PAKISTAN ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Elected Presidential form of Government should be modified according to requirement of our country prepared by the best experts of law having un-doubtful credibility and integrity and should not have any concern with Government or to any political party. The three important tiers of government i.e. Legislative Body, Judiciary and Executive should be independent and power full but must have counter checks on each other to be devised in constitution for smooth system of government as well as accountable to each other. We must follow the fundamental concept of formulation of government which includes: 1. Rule of divines law given by Allah in Quran and further illustrated by Sunnah 2. Only one competent elected/selected Muslim (Having Education of Highest Level concerning to System of Government i.e. must at least possess a valid degree of Law) should be the head of state as in elected Presidential form of Government and not a group as it happens in parliamentary form of Governments. Important Portfolios and Ministries should be separate from Legislative bodies to keep the legislation impartial, neat and clean 3. The rulers should not have any exemption before the law. The qualities required by the leadership to come forward the leaders to come forward must have following set of concepts and slogan Fear of Allah Vision Truth Value of time Value of competence Value of hard work Having concept to boost local and private enterprises Reliance to national resources Honest
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CONCLUSION
The future of Pakistan and elimination of poverty in rural areas of Pakistan is highly dependent on successful and completion of all development projects. This success is threatened by the evil of corruption that must be stopped on urgently before it is too late. The religious extremism, failing economic conditions and bad living conditions are frightening the people of rural Sindh and Baluchistan, who until now have refused to fall in the trap of extremism. It is imperative that all stakeholders including political parties, government officials, civil society organizations, private companies, donor agencies and common people recognize the carnage that current levels of corruption can do to the heartlands of Pakistan. They must form a grand alliance to stop the danger before it is too late.
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