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Ασκήσεις διαλυμάτων
Ασκήσεις διαλυμάτων
Ασκήσεις διαλυμάτων
.
1. 20 g NH3 230 g H2O .
% w/w .
/
/
/
.
/
x % w/w
m = m1 + m2
V
m
d=
V
m1
m2
%
. 3
xg
20 g
230 + 20 =250 g
20 g NH3
230 g H2O
x % w/w
100 g
250 g
x = 8 % w/w
:
a))
) % w/v .
) % w/w
.
/
/
m
V
d=
.
/
m1
V2
%
m
V
250 g
230 mL
m
250g
d=
=
= 1, 08g / mL
V 230mL
20 g NH3
230 mL H2O
x % w/w
x % w/v
. 3
xg
20 g
100 mL
230 mL
x % w/w
. 3
xg
20 g
100 mL
250 mL
x = 8,7 % w/v
x = 8 % w/w
""
'
/
/
/
.
/
m
V
250 g
227,3 mL
m
d=
V
m1
V2
%
d=
1,1 g/mL
m
250g
1,1g / mL =
V = 227,3mL
V
V
x g NH3
20 % w/v
20 % w/v
. 3
20 g
yg
100 mL
227,3 mL
z % w/w
. 3
zg
45,46 g
100 g
250 g
y = 45,46 g 3
z = 18,18 % w/w
4. () 11 % w/ 1,1 g/mL.
) % w/w ;
) mL 2L ,
8 % w/v;
) 600 g
2 % w/w, 4% w/w.
.
m
V
d=
m1
V2
%
m
V
d=
1,1 g/mL
11 % w/v
m
m
1,1g / mL =
m = 110g
V
100mL
11 % w/v
x % w/w
.
11 g
xg
x =
100 mL 110 g
100 g
11100
= 10%w / w
110
""
'
)
m1
V1
d1
m
2000 mL
1,1 g/mL
220 g
%
%
11 % w/v
10 % w/w
11 % w/v
8 % w/v
y mL H2O
m2
V2
d2
m
%
%
.
11 g
x1 g
100 mL
2000 mL
.
8g
220 g
100 mL
2000 + y mL
2000 + y mL
220 g
8 % w/v
x1= 220 g
8(2000+y) = 22000
y = 750 mL
)
m1 = g
m2 = 600 g
V1= ? mL
d1 = 1,1 g /mL
11% w/v
10% w/w
m3 = (600+) g
2 % w/v
1
4 % w/v
2
1
10 % w/w
.
10 g
x1 g
100 g
mL
x1= 0,1 g
2
2 % w/w
.
2g
x2 g
100 g
600 g
x2= 12 g
3
4 % w/w
.
4g
x3 g
100 g
600+ g
x1 + x 2 = x 3 0,1 + 12 =
d1 =
x3=
4(600 + )
g
100
4(600 + )
= 200g / 1
100
m1
200g
1,1g / mL =
V1 = 181,8mL
V1
V1
""
'
5. 41 L 3 = 27 C P = 1,2 atm
1 5 L.
a) mol 3 .
) Molarity 1.
) 1 . 2 L
2 5 L.
Molarity 2
) 3 L 1 H2SO4
4,9 % m/v . H2SO4 .
: R = 0,082 atm L mol1 K1 : =1, S=32, O=16
V = 41 L
= 27C T=300 K
= 1,2 atm
R = 0,082 atm L mol1 K1
PV = nRT n =
V1=5 L
n = 2 mol NH3
) C1 =
C1= ?
1
PV
1, 2atm 41L
=
n = 2 mol NH3
RT 0, 082 atm L 300 K
mol K
n 2mol
=
C1 = 0, 4 M
V1
5L
)
C1V1 = C2 V2
V1= 2 L
C2 =
V2= 5 L
NH3
+ H2O
C1= 0,4 M
NH3
0, 4M 2L
5L
C2 = 0,16 M
C2 =
C2= ?
2
C1V1
V2
)
V1= 3 L
NH3
H2SO4
4,9% w/v
C1= 0,4 M
3 L
1 :
C1V1 = 0,4M 3L =
1,2 mol NH3
V3= ? mL
""
'
2 NH3 +
2x mol
H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
x mol
x mol
4,9% w/v :
V3 = 1200 mL
6. 3 = 27 C P = 1,2 atm
1 5 L 2.
a) 3 .
) 1 . 2 L
2 0,25 .
.
) 3 L 1 HCl
1,5 .
HCl .
: R = 0,082 atm L mol1 K1 : =1, N=14, Cl=35,5
)
5 L 1 :
n1 = C1V1 = 2 M 5 L n1 = 10 mol NH3
V1=5 L
n = ? mol NH3
C1= 2 M
nRT
=
P
atm L
300 K
mol K
1, 2 atm
10 mol 0, 082
V = 205 L NH3
)
C1V1 = C2 V2
V1= 2 L
V2 =
V2= ? L
NH3
+ H2O
C1= 2 M
NH3
)
V1= 3 L
V3= ? mL
NH3
HCl
C1= 2 M
C3=1,5 M
2M 2L
0, 25M
V2 = 16 L
1
14 L H2O
V2 =
C2= 0,25 M
C1V1
C2
3
""
'
NH3 +
x mol
HCl NH4Cl
x mol
x mol
3 L 1 :
x = 6 mol.
n1 = C1V1 = 2 M 3 L n1 = 6 mol NH3
HCl 6 mol HCl
n
6 mol
n 3 = C3V3 V3 = 3 V3 =
V3 = 4 L
C3
1,5M
7.
8. 3 C 40g/100 g 20
) % w/w 3 C .
) 400 g O3 25% w/w C. g 3
, ;
9. 20 C 30 g /100 g 2, 50 C
40 g/100g 20.
700 g 50 C 20 C.
g .
10 g O3 :
) 3 10 C,
) % w/w ,
) g ,
3.
""