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Lecture Professor Julian Schroeder

I. Propagation of A.P. II. Synaptic Transmission III. Neurotransmitters IV. Postsynaptic Potentials

I. PROPAGATION OF A.P.
A. Propagation

Figure 48.14

Video action potential

I. PROPAGATION OF A.P.
B. No back propagation of A.P. because: 1) Voltage-dependent K+ channels 2) A.P. starts from cell body 3) Refractory Period Recovery time for Na+ channel (like dominos, all or none event) C. A.P. Velocity 1) Max. 120 m/sec 2) Saltatory Conduction: A.P. jumps to nodes of Ranvier

I. PROPAGATION OF A.P.

Figure 48.15

I. PROPAGATION OF A.P.
1) Action Potential (A.P.) conducts along axon 2) Postsynaptic Potentials (P.S.P.) signals at synaptic contact 3) Generator Potential (G.P.) sensory signal

I. PROPAGATION OF A.P.
Pattern of Neuron Connections
Sensory Neurons CELL Inter Motor Neurons Neurons Effector Cells

PURPOSE Detect Process Issue Sensation Info Command SIGNALS [SPAP] [SPAP]

Carry out Command

[GPAP]

[SPAP]

Chemical Synapse Electrical Synapse

Figure 48.17

II. SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION

1) A.P. activates voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels 2) Ca2+ causes vesicle fusion to plasma membrane 3) Neurotransmitter released; NT binds to receptor ion channel 4) Na+ influx depolarizes postsynaptic cell Causes A.P. to fire 5) NT removed from synaptic cleft

Synaptic transmission video

III. NEUROTRANSMITTERS
A. Definition: Chemical Compound 1) Anatomical: NT in synaptic vesicle in presynaptic cell; secreted when A.P. arrives 2) Physiological: NT has effect on postsynaptic cell when injected to synaptic cleft 3) Biochemical: NT is rapidly removed by enzymatic breakdown & reuptake in cell

III. NEUROTRANSMITTERS (N.T.s)

A.) Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitters 1.) Excitatory N.T. e.g. Acetylcholine glutamate

depolarizes membrane potential

E.P.S.P=Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential depolarization: by cation influx

Na + Postsynaptic cell Ca 2+

2.) Inhibitory N.T. e.g. Glycine-Amino-Butyric-Acid (GABA)

Depolarize Hyperpolarize

hyperpolarizes membrane potential

I.P.S.P=Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential hyperpolarization: by cation efflux

Cl+
K+ channel Or Cl- channel 150 mM

GABA 5mM Cl-85 mV

K+
Cl- :Z = -1 58 mV log[150mM Cl-]out Z [5mM Cl-]in

= -58 mV * 1.48 = -85 mV

III. NEUROTRANSMITTERS
1) Excitatory Neurotransmitters e.g. Acetylcholine, Glutamate EPSP: Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential depolarization by cation influx 2) Inhibitory Neurotransmitters e.g. GABA, Glycine IPSP: Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential hyperpolarization by cation efflux

IV. POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS

Figure 48.18

IV. POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS

Integration of PSPs 1) Temporal Summation 2) Spatial Summation 3) Summation of EPSP & IPSP

III. NEUROTRANSMITTERS
B. Ion Channels 1) Receptor ion channel 2) Voltage-dependent channel Na+ channel K+ channel Ca2+ channel 3) Few K+ channels open (resting potential)

 Some sections are small, e.g. Joseph Tsai. You can switch sections. Just mention it to your TA(s). Saturday May2nd Midterm review session: Time and location will be announced in lecture today