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Phn 1:Tng quan v cng ngh RFID

1.

Lch s pht trin ca h thng RFID

Th gii ta trong giai on i mi v pht trin m trong nn cng nghip ha, t ng ha ngy cng c ng dng nhiu v c bit nn cng ngh t ng ha nhn dng (Auto-ID) ang tr nn ph bin trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip dch v, cng nghip thng mi v trong nhiu nh my sn xut. Cng ngh nhn dng tn ti gip cho chng ta c th nhn c cc thng tin v i tng nhn dng : con ngi, ti sn,vt nui, Cng ngh m vch (Barcode) mang li s thay i ng k, nhng n ch mang l bc u ca mt ngnh cng ngh v cn c nhiu thiu st khi m s lng i tng cn nhn dng ngy mt tng ln. u im ca cng ngh m vch l gi thnh thp, khuyt im l kh nng lu tr thp, khng c kh nng lp trnh li. Cc thit b mang d liu in t ph bin nht trong cuc sng hng ngy l loi th thng minh da trn mt mi trng tip xc (v d: th in thoi, th tn dng, th ngn hng ).Tuy nhin thit b tip xc vi th thng minh thng khng linh hot . H thng RFID ( RFID : Radio Frequency Identification) ra i nhm khc phc nhng nhc im trn. S truyn d liu khng cn phi tip xc gia thit b mang d liu v u c ca n trong h thng RFID s linh hot hn. K thut RFID ngy cng c nhiu ngi bit n trong nhng thp nin 60 v 70, bt u xut hin nhiu hn ng dng ny trong nhiu mt ca cuc sng. K thut ny ngy cng c hon thin, t nhn bit tr thnh nhn dng (from detection to unique identification). RFID tin tin vo u nhng nm 80, c nhng ng dng rng ri trong vic kim sot xe ti M hay nh du n gia sc Chu u. H thng RFID cng c ng trong i sng hoang d, cc th RFID c gn vo con vt, nh th m c th ln theo du vt ca chng trong mi trng thin nhin hoang d. H thng RFID l h thng nhn dng d liu t ng v khng dy, cho php vic c v ghi d liu v khng cn tip xc trc tip vi h thng. Chng t ra rt hu ch trong sn xut v hot ng c trong nhng iu kin mi trng m k thut khc khng th lm c. Ti Vit Nam, nhu cu s dng cc h thng RFID ngy cng nhiu v m ra mt th trng y tim nng cho cc nh nghin cu v sn xut. Tuy nhin, n nhn , vn dng v pht trin 1 h thng mi ny, chng ta cn c s hiu bit nht nh v chng.

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Ngy nay cc cng ngh mi u hng n s gin n, tin li v mt cch c trng quan trng l kh nng khng dy (wireless). Mt thit b ch yu trong hng pht trin ny l B nhn dng tn s bng sng v tuyn:RFID (RFID: Radio Frequency Identification) lm cho con ngi c gii phng, t do v tha mi hn v kh nng t ng ca n.

2. Phn loi cc h thng nhn dng

2.1 H thng nhn dng bng m vch (Barcode system) M vch l mt chui m nh phn gm c cc vch v cc khong trng c sp xp song song. Chng c sp xp theo mu nh trc v tng ng vi d liu c s. Dy cc ch s to nn cc m vch v cc khong trng ln nh khc nhau. M vch c c bi cc thit b quang hc da trn phn x ca tia laze t cc vch en v cc khong trng. Cc m vch l tng t nhau nhng chng li khc nhau v cch sp xp v nh ngha sn ca ngi ch to. Ni dung m vch l cc thng tin v sn phm c nh ngha sn nh: tn nh sn xut, nc sn xut, v tr , tiu chun, thng tin v kch thc sn phm, ni kim tra

Hnh 1.1: Barcode

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2.2

Nhn dng bng cng ngh sinh trc hc

H thng nhn dng trn th thut ng sinh trc hc l ch chung cho tt c cc

th tc nhn dng con ngi bng cch so snh cc c im c trng nht ca mi ngi. Thng thng nh: du vn tay, ging ni, khun mt, hnh dng , vng mc mt, thn nhit v thm ch nhp p tim.. V d nhn dng du vn tay: Du vn tay l mt dng nhn dng ph bin nht c s dng v p dng trong khoa hc hnh s tm ra ti phm thng qua du vn tay li hin trng. V mt cng nghip th du vn tay cng c s dng nhn dng con ngi trong qun l vo ra. Nguyn l ca h thng l dng cc photodiode truyn cc tia hng ngoi ti cc ngn tay t trn u c v chng c hp th bi hng cu trong mu. Vng b hp th tr thnh vng ti trong hnh nh v c chp li bng camera sau c qut ln my tnh v truy xut d liu trong b nh tm c i tng cn tm.

2.3 H thng RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification )

Tn thng dng ca cng ngh ny l RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Th RFID l nhng tm th plastic c gn cc microchip b ch bng mt na ht ct. Chng bt c cc tn hiu sng radio v p ng bng cch pht ra m s nhn din tng ng. Hu nh tt c cc th RFID khng dng ngun pin cung cp nng lng hot ng m s dng nng lng t sng radio kch hot hot ng. y la loai phng tin nhn din ngi hoc vt qua vic truyn song v tuyn. H thng thu d liu nhn din t ng khng dy nay rt chu trong n vic oc va ghi thng tin ma khng cn tip xuc va la mt loai cng ngh rt hiu qua trong mi trng san xut cung nh cac mi trng khng thn thin khac khi ma vach khng con phat huy tac dung c na.

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Hnh 1.2 Bng so snh c im 1 s h thng nhn dng

3. H thng RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification )

3.1 Cc thnh phn c bn ca h thng RFID Mt h thng RFID bao gm cc b phn :

Th RFID (Transponder/Tag ): y l b phn quan trng cu thnh ln

h thng RFID v c s dng trong tt c cc h thng RFID

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Hnh 1.3 cc tag

B oc (Reader): Cng vi th th n cng l b phn khng th thiu trong

h thng RFID

Hnh 1.4 Reader

Reader Angten : L thnh phn bt buc. Mt vi reader hin hnh ngy

nay cng c sn anten

Mch iu khin (Controller): L thnh phn bt buc. Tuy nhin, hu ht

cc reader mi u c thnh phn ny gn lin vi chng

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Cm bin (sensor), c cu truyn ng u t (actuator) v bng tn

hiu in bo (annunciator): Nhng thnh phn ny h tr nhp v xut ca h thng

My ch v h thng phn mm: V mt l thuyt, mt h thng RFID c

th hot ng c lp khng c thnh phn ny. Thc t, mt h thng RFID gn nh khng c ngha nu khng c thnh phn ny.

C s h tng truyn thng: l thnh phn bt buc, n l mt tp gm c

hai mng c dy v khng dy v cc b phn kt ni tun t kt ni cc thnh phn lit k trn vi nhau chng truyn vi nhau hiu qu

Hnh 1.5 : S 2 h thng RFID

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3.2 Tn s hot ng ca h thng 3.2.1 Tn s hot ng ca RFID Th RFID v u c giao tip vi nhau cng mt tn s. Do h thng RFID truyn nhn vi nhau thng qua sng v tuyn v khong cch cng nh kh nng truyn nhn ph thuc rt nhiu vo tn s chnh v vy m cc h thng RFID s dng rt nhiu tn s khc nhau. Nhng theo thc tin th phm vi tn s thng dng nht, l:

Tn s thp ( LF ) ( khong 100kHz 150 kHz ) Tn s cao ( HF ) ( 10 15 MHz ) Siu cao tn ( UHF ) ( 850 950 MHz ).

Vi nhng tn s khc nhau thi s thch hp vi nhng ng dng khc nhau.

3.2.2 ng dng ca h thng RFID trong mi di tn s khc nhau Cc tn s khc nhau c cc c tnh cng nh s tng thch khc nhau cho nn n ph hp vi mt s lnh vc ng dng ring. V d: tn s thp cc th s dng cng sut t hn v c kh nng xuyn qua phi kim tt hn, nhng chng c nhc im l phm vi c th ngn thng di 0.5m. Cc th lm vic tn s cao th c kh nng i qua c nhng vt th lm bng kim loi, nhng phm vi c ca chng cng ch khong 1m. Cc tn s cao tn UHF c phm vi c tt hn cng nh c th truyn d liu nhanh v xa hn so vi tn thp v tn cao ( LF v HF ), nhng chng cn c cng sut ln hn v kh nng xuyn qua kim loi km. V vy gia u c v th phi khng c vt cn

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Bng tn v cc ng dng tng ng ca RFID

Tn s

c im Tc c chm

Gi thnh t Khng

ng dng iu khin truy nhp Kim k

100-150 kHz

Xuyn qua cc vt liu phi kim d dng Khong cch c t ngn n trung bnh Tc c trung bnh Khong cch c t ngn n trung bnh Khong cch c ln Tc c nhanh

10-15 mHz

Khng qua t

iu khin truy nhp

850950mHz

Yu cu tm nhn thng

H thng nhn dng v iu khin vo ra ca xe c. Kim k hng ha trc khi vo kho

2.42.8gHz

Khong cch c ln Tc c nhanh

Yu cu tm nhn thng

H thng nhn dng v iu khin s vo ra ca xe c

3.3 u im v nhc im ca h thng RFID 3.3.1 u im H thng RFID c nhng tin li mang li nh : Khng ph thuc vo con ngi cc hot ng u c t ng Phm vi hot ng ln c th n vi chc mt

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Vt c th chuyn ng nhng vn c th xc nh c vt v c/ghi ln th nu n mang th RFID C th c/ghi th khng cn tip xc, trong hp kn(tr kim loi) C th chn thm hoc xa thng tin v ghi thng tin mi ln C th s dng c nhiu v tr cng nh mi trng Cc th c nhn dng khng cn trong tm nhn thng C th s dng kt hp vi cc h thng nhn dng khc nh m vch b tr, hon thin ln nhau C th chng lm gi, chu c bi bn v s dng trong mi trng c nhit cao Kt hp tt vi cc phn mm u cui vi s cung cp m bo thi gian thc u im c ban cua RFID la an toan, chinh xac va tin cy cao. The RFID co th c oc hoc ghi trong khoang cach vai feet (1 feet= 0,3048 m) du trong trang thai ng hay bt c hng nao, bt chp bui bn, xuyn gia cac loai vt liu nh giy, nha, bia cat tng hay g. Co le iu rt quan trong la nhiu the RFID co th c oc hoc ghi t ng cung mt luc, trong khi ma vach phai dung u oc oc tng chic mt. The RFID co th bao gm chc nng chng trm nh nhng chic the chng trm in t truyn thng va yu t an ninh cua chung co th c trang bi t ng ngay. Va cui cung the RFID co th cung tn tai vi bt c c s ha tng an ninh in t nao, chung lin kt c u im cua h thng an ninh sn co va u im vt tri cua h thng RFID. 3.3.2 Nhc im ca h thng RFID Gi cao: Nhc im chnh ca k thut RFID l gi cao. Trong khi cc u c v b cm ng c dng c thng tin,tag l gi cao so vi m vch(0.6$/tag)

D b nh hng gy tn thng ; nu ph vt liu bo v t 2 n 3 lp

kim loi thng thng ngn chn tn hiu radio.

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Vic th tiu cc th ph ra: cc th RFID c dn bn trong bao b v c ph ra d th tiu. iu ny c ngha l s c nhiu vn khi ngi s dng bit r hn v vai tr ca th ng u c: Tn hiu t mt u c c th giao tip vi tn hiu t ni khc m ni tin tc chng cho nhau. iu ny c gi l ng u c. Mt phng php trnh vn l s dng mt k thut c gi l phn chia thi gian a truy cp (TDTM)

Cc vn u c, b cm ng cng exit: trong khi cc u c phm vi

ngn c s dng cho vic thanh ton tin v vic kim k xut hin c cc th 100 % thi gian, hiu sut ca b cm ng cng exit th kh gii quyt hn. Chng lun lun khng c th qu hai ln khong cch ca cc u c khc. Khng c th vin thc hin mt vic kim k trc v sau xc nh t l mt mt khi RFID s dng cho vic bo m an ton. ng th. Thiu chun Tuy nhin ta vn c th khc phc tt cc nhc im ny 3.4 Cc ng dng ca h thng RFID

Trong cng nghip: RFID rt thch hp cho vic xc nh sn phm c gi tr n v cao thngqua qu trnh lp rp cht ch. H thng RFID rt bn vng trong mi trng thi tit khc nghit nn thch hp nh danh cc vt cha, lu gi sn phm lu di nh container, cn cu, xe ko v.v Mt mt, cc th RFID cho php xc nh sn phm m n c gn vo (V d: part number, serial number, trong h thng c/ghi, hng dn quy trnh lp rp x l sn phNm). Mt khc, thng tin u vo c nhp bng tay (hoc bng cc u c m vch) cho php h thng iu khin/kim sot. Sau nhng thng tin ny c th c truy xut bi cc u c RFID.

Trong vn chuyn v phn phi v lu thng:

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H thng RFID ph hp nht vi phng thc vn ti ng ray. Cc th c th nhn dng ton b 12 k t theo chun cng nghip cho php xc nh loi xe/toa hng, ch s hu, s xe...Cc th ny c gn vo gm xe, toa hng; Cc ng-ten c ci t gia hoc bn cnh ng ray vn chuyn, cc u c v cc thit b hin th c lp trong vng khong 40 n 100 feet dc theo ng ray cng cc thit b vin thng v thit b kim sot khc, do vy c th kim sot c cc toa hng trn ray. Mc ch chnh trong cc ng dng vn chuyn theo ray l ci tin kch thc v tc vn chuyn nhanh chng cho php gim kch thc xe hng hoc gim thiu chi ph cho vic u t cc thit b mi.RFID cn c ng dng trong h thng thu ph cu ng b hay cho php cc hng hng khng kim sot hnh l ca hnh khch.

Trong kinh doanh bn l: RFID c th thay th k thut m vch hin nay, v n khng ch c kh nng xc nh ngun gc sn phm m cn cho php nh cung cp v i l bn l bit chnh xc mt hng trn quy v trong kho ca h. Mt s siu th ln s dng cc th RFID mng dn ln hng ha thay cho m vch, gip vic thanh ton nhanh chng, d dng hn. Nu hng ha no cha thanh ton tin i qua ca, my nhn dng v tuyn RFID s pht hin ra v bo cho nhn vin an ninh. Ngoi ra, cc cng ty bch ha khng cn phi lo kim kho, khng s giao nhm hng v thng k s u sn phm ang kinh doanh ca c t hp ca hng. Hn na h cn c th bit chnh xc bn trong ti khch hng vo, ra c nhng g.

Trong lnh vc an ninh: RFID khng i hi tm nhn gia b thu pht v my c, h thng ny khc phc c nhng hn ch ca cc phng php nhn dng t ng khc, v d nh m vch. iu ny c ngha l h thng RFID c th hot ng hiu qu trong cc mi trng khc nghit nhng ni bi bn, m t qu mc hay c phm vi quan st b hn ch. Mt trong cc li ch ni bt ca RFID l kh nng c trong cc mi

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trng khc nghit vi tc ng ch : trong hu ht cc trng hp thi gian phn ng di 100 mili giy.

Trong cng tc qun l bo qun sn phm: Vic qun l sch ti th vin hin rt vt v, vic tm kim sch th cng lm tn thi gian v qun l cng cha thc s hiu qu. Nh cng ngh RFID, mi cun sch c gn vi mt th lu thng tin v cun sch, mi khi cn tm mt cun sch no , thay v vic d tm phn loi tng cun sch, th th ch vic dng mt u c c kh nng c cc th RFID t xa c th gip nh v cun sch cn tm rt nhanh chng, ngoi ra vic thng k sch cui ngy cng tr ln n gin. Cc ht ging c gi tr, ng vt th nghim lin quan ti cc d n nghin cu lu di v chi ph cao, tht v b sa ng vt, th vt hoang d v ging ng vt qu him, cc loi gen...hin nay vn xc nh tnh duy nht c th c gii quyt thng qua ng dng cc sng kin ca cng ngh RFID.

Trong qun l nhn s v chm cng: Khi vo, ra cng ty bt u hay kt thc mt ngy hoc ca lm vic, nhn vin ch cn a th ca mnh n gn my c th (khng phi nht vo), ngay lp tc my pht ra mt ting bp, d liu vo, ra ca nhn vin c ghi nhn v lu tr trn my chm cng. Trong trng hp nu nhng nhn vin ngh vic, th nhn vin s c thu hi v ti s dng m khng nh hng n cht lng th. u im ni bt ca th RFID so vi th m vch (Barcode) hay th m t (Mag.Stripe card) l th RFID khng b try xc, mi mn khi dng. S dng th chm cng loi cm ng, ngi ph trch h thng s ly ton b d liu t database ca my tnh hoc cc my c th v, sau khi cp nht d liu s c ngay bo co thng k nhanh ban gim c bit s lng nhn vin ang c mt, s nhn vin ngh hoc bit c trnh tay ngh tng nhn vin; nhn vin no ht hn hp ng lao ng; bo him x hi, bo him y t...

Trong y t, gio dc, vui chi gii tr:

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Cng ngh RFID c th s dng cho ngi cng nh vt. V vy, mt s bnh vin ang s dng vng eo tay RFID cho tr mi sinh v bnh nhn cao tui mt tr. Ngoi ra cn ng dng trong vic qun l h s bnh n... Hc sinh mt trng ng hc sinh Nht dng th RFID bo cho cha m bit mnh ra ti. Cc cng vin gii tr M bn ra v RFID s bt-nhy bo cho khch bit n lt mnh vo cuc chi...

Phn 2 : C TRNG C BN CA H THNG RFID

1.

Cc thnh phn c bn ca h thng RFID

Mt h thng RFID khng th thiu 2 thnh phn quan trng cu to nn l : Th RFID (Transponder ) u c (Reader)

Hnh 2.1 : Transponder v Reader l hai thnh phn chnh ca h thng RFID

Th RFID l thnh phn lun gn ln i tng cn nhn dng .N bao gm mt ngten kt ni vi u c v mt vi mch in t. Khi th RFID khng nm trong phm vi d tm ca u c th n khng hot ng m ch hot ng trong phm vi u c. u c l thnh phn t thit k v p dng vo ty hon cnh cng nh v tr c th ch c v cng c th ghi/c ty theo yu cu ch to.

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u c thng bao gm module thu pht sng v tuyn, c mt khi iu khin v ngten dng kt ni Transponder. Ngoi ra cn c tch hp thm RS232 v RS485 truyn d liu qua cc h thng khc.

2.

Th RFID
2.1 Gii thiu tng qut th RFID Thnh phn ca th (tag) RFID bao gm mt anten dng kt ni vi u c v mt con chip dng lu tr d liu.D liu c c ghi thng qua mt u c th (u c RFID) m khng ph thuc vo hng hay v tr ch cn th RFID nm trong vng ph sng (phm vi ca u c)

Hnh 2.2 dng ca 1 s loi Transponder tiu biu

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B nh chip trong th RFID c th cha t 96 n 512 bit d liu nhiu gp 64 ln m vch. Thng tin lu tr trn chip c th thay i c bi s tng tc ca b c. Dung lng lu tr cao c th cho php ta lu tr nhiu thng tin a dng cng mt lc. Chp trn th c gn km vi mt ngten chuyn tn hiu n my c v my ny chuyn i sng in t t th RFID cung cp sang mt dng m lin quan xc nh thng tin v x l c s d liu trn my tnh do ngi iu hnh qun l gim st. Cc th RFID rt mng v c kch c va phi tng ng nh mt th tn dng bnh thng v n n gin cng ch cn mt anten v mt diode

2.2 Phn loi th RFID

Ty thuc vo chc nng v cc chun m th RFID c phn loi thnh nhiu loi khc nhau : Th th ng ( Passive tag). Th tch cc ( Active tag). Th bn th ng (Semi-Pasive tag). Phn loi theo kh nng ghi/ c d liu : Th ch c ( Read Only). Th cho php ghi mt ln, c nhiu ln (Write once Read many, WORM). Th ghi c (Write - Read)

2.2.1 Th th ng (Passive tag) Khng c ngun in bn trong. Sng v tuyn pht ra t u c s

truyn mt dng in nh kch hot h thng mch in trong th gip n gi li tn hiu hi p. C th truyn m s nhn dng v lu tr mt s thng tin v i tng c nhn dng. C kch thc rt nh v mng hn mt t giy bnh thng, do vy

n c th c cy vo di da.

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C tui th rt cao v khng dng pin. Tm hot ng : t 10 cm n vi mt, ty theo tn s s dng. 2.2.2 Th ch ng (Active tag)

c tch hp mt ngun gip n t gi tn hiu n u c.Cng

tn hiu ca loi th ny, do vy mnh hn tn hiu ca th th ng, cho php n hot ng c hiu qu hn trong mi trng nc (trong c th con ngi hay ng vt) hay kim loi (xe c, container). Mt s th cn c tch hp cc b cm bin o m, rung,

phng x, nh sng, nhit ... Tui th ca pin ln n 10 nm. Tm hot ng: vi trm mt, ty theo tn s s dng Th th ng Ngun cng sut Kh nng c th Ly t bn ngoi (Do u c cung cp) Ch trong phm vi bao ph ca b c, thng thng c th ln ti 3m. Mt th th ng c cp nng Nng lng lng ch khi n nm trong phm vi ca u c. Cng trng in t Cao, khi th t ly cng sut t trng in t c cung cp bi u c. Rt cao. Lu tr d liu c gii hn, thng khong 128 bytes. Th tch cc Bn trong(Pin) C th pht tn hiu qua mt khong cch kh xa, thng th c th ln ti 100m. Mt th tch cc th lun c nng lng. Thp, khi th cho php tn hiu s dng ngun pin ni b. Di 5 nm, v b gii hn bi tui th ca pin. C th lu tr mt lng d liu ln hn.

Tui th Lng d liu lu tr

2.2.3 Th bn th ng (Semi Passive tag)

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Th bn th ng c mt ngun nng lng bn trong(chng hn

l b pin) v in t hc bn trong thc thi nhng nhim v chuyn dng. Ngun bn trong cung cp sinh lc cho th hot ng. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh truyn d liu, th bn tch cc s dng ngun t reader. Th bn tch cc c gi l th c h tr pin (batteryassisted tag). i vi loi th ny, trong qu trnh truyn gia th v reader th

reader lun truyn trc ri n th. Ti sao s dng th bn tch cc m khng s dng th th ng? Bi v th bn tch cc khng s dng tn hiu ca reader nh th th ng, n t kch ng, n c th c khong cch xa hn th th ng. Bi v khng cn thi gian tip sinh lc cho th bn tch cc, th c th nm trong phm vi c ca reader t hn thi gian c quy nh (khng ging nh th th ng). V vy nu i tng c gn th ang di chuyn tc cao, d liu th c th vn c c nu s dng th bn tch cc. Th bn tch cc cng cho php c tt hn ngay c khi gn th bng nhng vt liu chn tn s v tuyn (RF-opaque v RF-absorbent). S c mt ca nhng vt liu ny c th ngn khng cho th th ng hot ng ng dn n vic truyn d liu khng thnh cng. Tuy nhin, y khng phi l vn kh khn i vi th bn tch cc. Phm vi c ca th bn tch cc c th ln n 100 feet (xp x

30.5 m) vi iu kin l tng bng cch s dng m hnh tn x c iu ch (modulated back scatter) (trong UHF v sng vi ba). 2.2.4 Th ch c (Read Only) Th RO c th c lp trnh (tc l ghi d liu ln th RO) ch mt ln. D liu c th c lu vo th ti x nghip trong lc sn xut. Vic ny c thc hin nh sau: cc fuse ring l trn vi mch ca th c lu c nh bng cch s dng chm tia laser. Sau khi thc hin xong, khng th ghi d liu ln th c na. Th ny c gi l factory programmed. Nh sn xut loi th ny s a d liu ln th v ngi s dng th khng th iu chnh c. Loi th ny ch tt i vi nhng ng dng nh m khng thc t i vi quy m sn xut ln hoc khi d liu ca th cn c lm theo yu cu ca khc hng da trn ng dng. Loi th ny c s dng trong cc ng dng kinh doanh v hng khng nh. 2.2.5 Th cho php ghi mt ln, c nhiu ln (WORM) Th WORM c th c ghi d liu mt ln, m thng th khng phi c ghi bi nh sn xut m bi ngi s dng th ngay lc th cn c ghi. Tuy nhin trong
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thc t th c th ghi c vi ln (khong 100 ln). Nu ghi qu s ln cho php, th c th b ph hng vnh vin. Th WORM c gi l field programmable. Loi th ny c gi c v hiu sut tt, c an ton d liu v l loi th ph bin nht trong lnh vc kinh doanh ngy nay. 2.2.6 Th c-ghi(Read - Write) Th RW c th ghi d liu c nhiu ln, khong t 10.000 n 100.000 ln hoc c th hn na. Vic ny em li li ch rt ln v d liu c th c ghi bi reader hoc bi th (nu l th tch cc). Th RW gm thit b nh Flash v FRAM lu d liu. Th RW c gi l field programmable hoc reprogrammable. S an ton d liu l mt thch thc i vi th RW. Thm vo na l loi th ny thng t nht. Th RW khng c s dng rng ri trong cc ng dng ngy nay, trong tng lai c th cng ngh th pht trin th chi ph th gim xung.

3.

u c (Reader)

Hnh 2.4 : Tng tc gia Application-Reader v Reader-Transponder (m hnh Master-Slave) Cc b c trong tt c cc h thng RFID c th c quy v hai khi chc nng c bn: n v iu khin Giao din HF, bao gm mt b truyn v mt b nhn d liu

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Hnh 2.5: Cc khi chc nng ca mt b c

Giao din HF ca u c thc hin cc chc nng sau: To ra cng sut lm hot ng transponder v cung cp cng sut cho n. iu chnh tn hiu truyn gi d liu n transponder. S tip nhn v gii m tn hiu tn s cao c truyn bi mt transponder.

Hnh 2.6: Cu trc ca giao din HF n v iu khin ca reader thc hin cc chc nng sau Thc hin giao tip vi phn mm ng dng v thc hin cc lnh t phn mm ng dng. iu khin s giao tip vi mt transponder ( nguyn l Master Slave ). M ha v gii m tn hiu.

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Hnh 2.7: S phn phn HF ca chip reader em 4095

4. S m ha (coding) v s iu bin (Modulation)

Hnh 2.8: D liu v dng d liu trong h thng truyn thng s

S trao i d liu gia u c v transponder trong mt h thng RFID yu cu ba khi chc nng chnh. T u c n transponder chiu trao i d liu, gm c:

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khi m ha tn hiu v " iu bin" trong u c, khi trao i trung gian (transmission medium), v khi "gii iu bin" v gii m tn hiu trong transponder . Mt h thng m ha tn hiu mang thng tin c truyn v tn hiu tng ng ca n v lm cho n ph hp nht vi cc c im ca khi truyn pht trung gian. Qu trnh ny cung cp thng tin c bo v chng li nhiu hoc s xung t v chng li s thay i c im ca mt tn hiu no . S m ha tn hiu khng c nhm ln vi s iu bin, v v vy n m ha da trn di c bn. iu bin l qu trnh lm thay i cc thng s ca tn hiu ca b mang tn s v d nh bin , tn s, v pha ca n trong mi quan h vi tn hiu iu bin v di tn hiu c bn. S truyn trung gian mt thng tin trn mt khong cch nh trc. Trong cc h thng RFID, t trng v sng in t c s dng lm phng tin truyn tin. S gii iu bin l mt th tc iu bin thm vo phc hi li tn hiu gii c bn. Nh l thng tin ngun ( tn hiu u ) trong c transponder v reader, v v vy thng tin c truyn ln lt theo c hai chiu iu bin v gii iu bin . Chc nng ca gii m tn hiu l khi phc li thng tin ngun dng m c bn v pht hin ra li truyn v s mt mt ca tn hiu. Cc dng m ha: + Trong m vch s dng cc s 0 v 1 biu din. Trong cc h thng RFID thng s dng cc th tc m ha sau: NRZ, Manchester, Unipolar RZ , DBP, Miller + M NRZ , mt s 1 nh phn i din cho mt tn hiu mc cao, v mt s 0 i din cho mt tn hiu mc thp. M NRZ c s dng hu nh khng ph hp vi s iu bin FSK hay PSK.

Hnh 2.9 M NRZ

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+ M Manchester, mt s nh phn 1 i din cho s chuyn i tn hiu t mc cao sang mc thp v mt s nh phn 0 i din cho s chuyn i tn hiu t mc thp sang mc cao. M Manchester thng c s dng truyn d liu t transponder n reader.

Hnh 2.10 M Manchester

+ M RZ n cc, mt s 1 nh phn i din cho mt tn hiu mc cao trong thi gian na chu k u tin, v mt s 0 nh phn i din cho mt tn hiu mc thp trong ton b th gian cn li ca chu k.

Hnh 2.11 M RZ n cc

+ M DBP, mt s 0 nh phn c m ha bi s chuyn i tn hiu t mc ny sang mc khc trong mt na chu k, v mt s 1 nh phn c m ha bi phn cn li ca chuyn i. Hn na, mc tn hiu b o ngc thi im ban u ca mi khong thi gian trch mu, v vy tn hiu mu c th d dng c khi phc b nhn.

Hnh 2.12 M DBP

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+ M Miller, mt s 1 nh phn i din bi mt s chuyn i mc tn hiu trong mt na thi gian trch mu, mt s 0 nh phn i din bi s ko di ca mc 1 sang khong thi gian trch mu tip theo. Mt chui cc con s 0 to nn mt s chuyn i thi im bt u ca mt thi gian trch mu, v vy m tn hiu mu c th d dng c khi phc b nhn.

Hnh 2.13 M Miller + M Miller bin th, trong dng bin th ny ca m Miller mi s chuyn i c thay bng mt xung tiu cc.Dng m ny rt ph hp vi cc h thng RFID kt ni cm ng truyn d liu t reader ti transponder.

Hnh 2.14: M Miller ( dng bin th )

5. Cc h thng RFID c bn
Trong phn ny chng ti s gii thiu cc h thng RFID c bn, cch thc hot ng cng nh mi lin h gia Transponder v Reader. Chng ta quan tm n 2 vn chnh: nng lng cung cp cho Transponder v phng thc truyn d liu gia Transponder v Reader. Trong thc t c 3 h thng RFID c bn:

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Hnh 2.15: Cc h thng RFID khc nhau.

- H thng 1 bit. - H thng song cng v bn song cng. - H thng tun t.

5.1 Transponder 1 bit Mt bit l i lng nh nht ca thng tin, n c 2 trng thi: 1 hay 0. iu ny c ngha l ch c 2 trng thi c trnh by bi Transponder 1 bit: transponder trong vng thm vn v khng c transponder trong vng thm vn. Mc du b gii hn, cc

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Transponder 1 bit vn rt ph bin, ng dng chnh ca chng l cc thit b chng trm trong cc ca hng (EAS: gim st hng ho in t). Mt h thng EAS c lm bi cc linh kin sau: Anten ca Reader hay b d hi, phn t bo mt hay th bo mt v mt thit b v hiu ho h thng sau khi kt thc giao dch. Trong cc h thng hin i, vic v hiu ho c thc hin khi m ca mn hng c ng k ti quy tnh tin. Mt vi h thng cng t thm b kch hot kch hot li phn t bo mt sau khi v hiu ho h thng. Mt c im quan trng ca h thng l tc pht hin phc thuc vo rng ca cng (khong cch ln nht gia Transponder v Anten ca Reader). Transponder 1 bit gm 5 thnh phn: - Tn s v tuyn. - Sng vi ba. - B chia tn s. - in t. - Acoustomagnetic. 5.2 H thng song cng v bn song cng Tri vi cc Transponder 1 bit thng khai thc nhng hiu ng vt l n gin cho qu trnh nhn dng, cc Transponder di y s dng mt vi mch lm thit b mang d liu. N c mt vng lu tr d liu ln ti vi kB. c hay ghi d liu vo thit b mang d liu ny th phi thc hin vic truyn d liu gia Transponder v Reader. Vic truyn d liu ny c th l song cng hoc bn song cng.
- Trong truyn bn song cng: d liu t Transponder n Reader c truyn xen k vi d liu t Reader n Transponder. tn s di 30 MHz, h thng thng s dng phng php Load modulator c hay khng c sng mang ph iu ch d liu. -

Trong truyn song cng: d liu t Transponder v Reader c th truyn cng mt lc.

Tuy nhin, c 2 phng php u phi truyn nng lng lin tc t Reader n Transponder v c lp vi hng truyn lung d liu. Tri li trong cc h thng tun t (SEQ: Sequential system), vic truyn nng lng t Transponder n Reader c gii hn trong mt chu k thi gian. D liu truyn t Transponder n Reader xut hin trong nhng khong dng ca nng lng cung cp cho Transponder.

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Hnh 2.16 : Truyn d liu trong h thng song cng, bn song cng v tun t.

Trong hnh trn, d liu c truyn t Reader n Transponder theo ng downlink. Ngc li, d liu truyn t Transponder n Reader theo ng uplink.

5.3 H thng tun t:

Ghp cm ng (inductive coupling) Ghp in t tn x li ( Electromagnetic backscatter) Ghp gn (close coupling) Ghp in (Electrical coupling)

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Phn 3 : H THNG CA THNG MINH SDS (SMART DOOR SYSTEM) DA TRN CNG NGH RFID

1.

Gii thiu chung v h thng ca thng minh

H thng RFID ang ngy cng pht trin v c a s cc nc trn th

gii ng dng trong hu ht cc lnh vc: vn chuyn, trong lnh vc an ninh, qun l nhn s, y t, gio dc, qun l sn phm cng nh lu thng sn phm trong cng nghip Trong cc ng dng trn th lnh vc qun l nhn s ang c rt nhiu doanh nghip p dng bi v nhng tnh nng thun li ca n. in hnh nhng hnh thc ng dng p dng h thng ny gm c : H chm cng t ng, h thng kim sot nhn s, h thng kim sot vo ra.

Qun tr vin

My in My tnh c nhn

Nhn vin Th RFID Anten

SMARTKEY

123456789 0

Kho t

Hnh 3.1 S Smart Door System H thng bao gm: Phn cng SMARTDOOR
Database,phn mm giao tip,qun l trn my tnh

Cc th RFID B chp hnh kho t

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Ma trn phm Mi nhn vin c cng ty cp cho mt th RFID, th ny cha sn m s ca th v c nh qun l lu tr trong h s nhn s. Khi th c a vo phm vi c ca SMARTDOOR th c c v kim tra vi d liu c lu trong b nh EEPROM ca SMARTDOOR. H s nhn s c thc hin trn phn mm SDMS (Smart Door Management Software) Trong h thng my tnh c vai tr thu thp d liu t SMARTDOOR gi v, v ng k nhn vin mi, tm kim, lm bo co, v gi thng tin xung SMARTDOOR My tnh khng cn phi thng trc hot ng s ng m ca do SMARTDOOR hot ng c lp chnh l kh nng c bit ca h thng khi khng cn c my tnh thng trc, khng cn c ngi gim st, tit kim in v tit kim thi gian

2.

Phn tch yu cu thit k h thng

H thng thit k cn m bo cc yu cu sau:

S nhn vin ti a m h thng c kh nng qun l . Thi gian a ra quyt nh m ca nhanh. H thng hot ng phi tin cy. C kh nng kt ni my tnh qua chun giao tip RS232. C th m rng kt ni mng qua chun giao tip RS485, Ethernet, C kh nng hot ng c lp vi my tnh C kh nng ghi li lch s ra vo c quan ca nhn vin trong thi gian

cng di cng tt mt in C kh nng d phng ngun in cung cp c th lm vic ngay c khi

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Phn tch cc yu cu thit k Thi gian a ra quyt nh m ca l mt phn quan trng ca h thng, thi gian m ca phi nhanh nht c th v phi nm trong khong thi gian hn ch v nu nhn vin ng th tng thi gian s ln. H thng hot ng trong thi gian ngn v vy i hi h thng phi a ra nhng quyt nh nhanh chnh xc. H thng phi c kh nng kt ni my tnh v truyn d liu giao tip vi cc h thng khc hay trong mt mng li my tnh trong c quan v vy phi c mt chun giao tip c s dng nh:USB, RS232, RS485 H thng c th kt ni mng qua chun RS485, Ethernet,y l iu kin quan trng i vi nhng c quan c quy m ln v c s iu khin quan st t xa cng nh c th thay i v tr h thng m khng cn thay i h thng mng. H thng c kh nng hot ng c lp vi my tnh s gip tit kim in bi ngun in tiu th ch do b SMARTDOOR, cn my tnh c th tt trong thi gian di, my tnh ch s dng khi ti (download) cc thng tin lch ra vo ca nhn vin. Mt khc quan trng hn l ngi qun l khng phi bn tm gim st vic ra vo ca nhn vin, mi hot ng ra vo ca nhn vin c SMARTDOOR ghi li vo b nh. H thng c kh nng lu tr d liu ra vo ca c quan ca nhn vin trong mt thi gian di c th xem xt i chiu. V lu li mt thi gian di ch cn mt b nh vi dung lng ln. H thng c kh nng d phng ngun in cung cp c th lm vic ngay c khi mt in. Ngun in d phng c th s dng l cquy, cung cp nng lng cho h thng hot ng trong 12h ng h. Vic ra vo ang c qun l t ng bi h thng, v vy khi mt in vic ra vo ca c quan s xy ra ln xn, kh kim sot.

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3.

S khi v nguyn l hot ng

3.1 S khi

Hnh 3.2 :S khi phn cng SMARTDOOR Gii thch cc thnh phn ca s khi phn cng SMARTDOOR

1 WIRE I2C

UAR T

ATMEGA16L /DSPIC30F4 011

PARALLEL

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dsPIC30F4011 : B vi iu khin thc hin x l trung tm AT28C64B : B nh EEPROM DS1307 : l Chip ng h thi gian thc U2270B : l Chip ng vai tr l trm c ghi c bn RFID Anten : c ghp ni vi U2270B thu nhn tn hiu do th RFID pht ra MAX232 : l chp chuyn gia mc logic TTL v mc in p RS232 SN75176: l Chp chuyn gia mc logic TTL v mc in p RS485 Mn hnh LCD : mn hnh hin th cc thng tin cn thit cho nhn vin R le : dng ni vi kha t, l phn t chp hnh thc hin vic ng m kha t. Chiu cc mi tn ch chiu d liu gia cc thnh phn ngoi vi vi vi iu khin dsPIC30F4011. Trn hnh ch ra cc giao din truyn thng : DS1307 giao tip vi vi iu khin dsPIC30F4011 qua giao din truyn thng I2C, EEPROM AT28C64B giao tip vi vi iu khin qua giao din truyn thng SPI, U2270B giao tip vi vi iu khin qua giao din 1 dy, my tnh giao tip vi vi iu khin qua giao din truyn thng USART.

3.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca b SMARTDOOR

Trong phn cng ca SMARTDOOR th vi x l ng vai tr quan trong nht nh hng n ton b hot ng ca h thng v l b x l trung tm, iu khin dng d liu t U2270B v cng nh iu khin ghi c DS1307 hin th cng nh lu tr c thi gian thc, vi x l cn c trch nhim iu khin c ghi hoc xa d liu trong EEPROM AT28C64B, gi d liu ln mn hnh LCD hin th nhng vn quan tm trong qu trnh hot ng, kt ni my tnh bng RS232 cng nh giao tip vi cc b SMARTDOOR khc trong mng cng nh cc thit b khc trong mng bng RS485, iu khin b kha t bng rle... Th RFID dng trong nghin ny l loi th th ng, th ny th bn thn th RFID khng cha ngun cung cp cho chip cha trong th, th s ch hot ng khi nm trong phm vi ca u c v nhn c nng lng do u c pht ra di dng sng

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in t, v th l th ch c nn m s th c ghi sn trong b nh ca th. Khi th RFID c a vo phm vi ca SMARTDOOR, Anten trong th s thu nng lng do u c cung cp cho chip bn trong th hot ng. Khi chip hot ng n s gi d liu ra v c Anten trong phn cng SMARTDOOR cng vi mch u c kt hp vi mch U2270B s nhn tn hiu do th gi ti, v tn hiu ny c mch U2270B x l v chuyn i tn hiu ra chn output ca U2270B, tn hiu t U2270B c truyn n vi iu khin vi iu khin x l v a ra nhng hot ng cho h thng.Vi iu
Bt u khin dsPIC30F4011 nhn d liu t U2270B gi ti, thc hin phn tch ly c

m s th, sau khi ly c m s th v iu khin s c d liu t EEPROM AT28C64B so snh vi m th nhn c v a ra quyt nh ng m ca n rle cng nh hin th thng bo ra mn hnh LCD ng thi dsPIC cn c gi tr thi gian hin ti trong DS1307 so snh d liu v khong thi gian cho php nhn vin ra vo cng nh bit chnh xc thi gian ra vo ca nhn vin.Xong cc cng vic trn vi iu khin ghi li lch s v thi gian ra vo ca nhn vin vo b nh d liu. c m th t
U2270B hoc t ma Ngoi ra khi thc hin xong cc tc v ca phn cng SMARTDOOR th trn phm Sao chp m th lu tr t 28c64 voRAM6264

SMARTDOOR khi c kt ni my tnh thng qua RS232, v thc hin giao tip vi phn mm qun l nhn vin trn my tnh.Khi my tnh yu cu gi d liu lch s th dsPIC s c snhliu th s nhn vin ln t b nh EEPROM v cc thao tc cn li d m lch So c my tnh thc thi. ng c thng tin nhn
nhn c vi ln lt cc m th lu trong 6264

vin : ngy gi cho php ra vo

Sai

c thi gian t DS1307

Hnh 3.3: Lu thut ton hot ng qu trnh c th

H thng ca thng minh

3.3 Cu trc phn mm qun l h thng ca thng minh Sai

Qun l nhn s Hin th LCD khng c vo Bo co, thng k

Bo v , cnh bo
pht hin ti tha mn ngy ,gi

Ngy ,gi,

Chng , pht cho php Pht Chm t ra u tin cho h thng, mc ch t ra cho h Qun l nhn s l yu cu hin Kt ni Qun l tra ng m Truy cng,ghi ca m my quyn v cp s, thng l phi phn bit r thng tin c nhn casp nhn vin vi nhau.Cc thng tin c vn , mi li thi khi tnh in nht thng chng Hin ,th LCD c vo gian thi nhn, thngcho phpngy thng,vo gian xp , tm ra vo phng, hay tng hp ttcha tin v cho php c bo tin c trm kim ra ca vo ra co,sql Loa ku tt ng rle ra ca ny nhn nhng thi gian ra vo ca nhn vin trong m thi gian di vbp , c lch s mvo nhp ph nhn vin cng ty m hoi Lu li ngy gi ra vo 28C64SV:Nguyn Minh Cng 32 GVHD: PGS.TS Hong thc Chin Kt nh Thit lp

3.3.1 Chc nng qun l nhn s

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c lu trong c s d liu ca h thng.C s d liu l Microsoft Access hoc Database, tt c thng tin c lit k trong cc bng d liu v lu trong mt file hoc SQL

3.3.2 Mt s bng d liu c bn trong chc nng qun l nhn s

Bng thng tin c nhn

Tn trng STT HoVaTen NgaySinh GioiTinh MaSoNhanVien SoDienThoai ChucVu CoQuan QueQuan HoKhauThuongTru

Kiu d liu AutoNumber Text Date/Time Yes/No Text Text Text Text Text Text

Ghi ch S th t (kha chnh) H v tn Ngy sinh Gii tnh M s nhn vin S in thoi Chc nng cng vic C quan lm vic Qu qun H khu thng tr

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Cc thng tin gii hn quyn ra vo ca nhn vin

Tn trng MaSoThe QuyenRaVao

Kiu d liu Text Yes/No

Ghi ch M s th c gn Quyn cho th hot ng

T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 CN ThoiGianTu ThoiGianDen

Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Date/Time Date/Time

Th 2 Th 3 Th 4 Th 5 Th 6 Th 7 Ch nht Thi gian bin u Thi gian bin cui

3.4 Cc chc nng qun l ca SMARTDOOR

SMARTDOOR c kh nng lu tr np d liu v c th xa d liu Ci ny c lp trnh sn v np chng trnh vo vi iu khin trung tm. V vy hot ng

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np thng tin v m th hay thng tin quyn ra vo, cng nh c cc thng tin ny v kim tra i chiu c quyt nh bi ngi lp trnh. B nh SMARTDOOR c chia lm hai vng : vng ghi nh danh sch thng tin cc nhn vin v m th v thng tin hn ch quyn ra vo (gi l Vng I), v vng ghi nh cc thng tin lch s ra vo ca nhn vin mi khi nhn vin qut th (gi l Vng II). Phn mm SDMS c quyn xa bt k vng nh no : c th xa vng I np li danh sch mi, hoc xa vng II SMARTDOOR c khng gian lu tr lch s ca nhng ln vo ra tip theo. Phn mm qun l SDMS c kh nng thay i thi gian ca SMARTDOOR v mc d c chip thi gian thc nhng cng c th chip thi gian thc tnh ton sai gi v cn phi iu chnh v SDMS c th lm chc nng . Chc nng ca phn mm phi c kh nng lp bo co thng k chi tit s ln ra vo, thi gian ra vo ca nhn vin. Ngoi ra phn mm cng cung cp nhiu chc nng khc nhau nh: tm kim, lp bo co, lp danh sch, to h s, in h s

4.

M hnh thc t t thit k:

4.1 S h thng
Sng in t

Tag Code Relay m ca actio n

Reader

CPU

Code bits R s 2 3 2 Comman d

Sever

actio n Databas e
Bo ng

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Hnh 3.4

4.2 Lu gii thut

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Begi n

T n t hi ta u g

Y Gii m chui bits

Truyn ln sever thng qua RS-232

da t s abi c t t da ron ta g b e as

Send lnh cm

Y
Cp nhp database table check_2

C ph ho p

Bo ng

Y
Send lnh cho php

M ca

Delay ng ca End

Hnh 3.5

4.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng trn

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Reader lun pht ra sng v tuyn.Khi nhn vin cm th (tag rfid) li gn reader,tag nhn c nng lng t reader kch hot truyn code trong chip nh ca tag.Reader nhn c tn hiu tin hnh gii m v dng byte d liu.D liu ny thng qua vi x l trong reader truyn qua chun RS-232 ln my tnh.Sau khi my tnh nhn xong khung byte d liu ting hnh kt ni vi h thng SQL ri kim tra.Nu khung d liu c trong database ca h thng SQL th tin hnh ghi li thi gian ri gi lnh cho php nhn vin vo xung CPU ca h thng x l di chun RS-232.Nu khung khng c trong database ca h thng.My tnh tin hnh gi lnh bo ng c t nhp. Sau khi nhn c command t my tnh.H CPU tin hnh gii m v thc hin theo yu cu ca my tnh ra: Cho php nhn vin vo hoc bo ng c x xm nhp.

4.4 Mt s chi tit v thnh phn chnh ca h thng t thit k

4.4.1 C s d liu trong database Table danhsach: Vai tr:Cha thng tin ca tt c cc nhn vin trong cng ty Cc Fields:
o
o o o o [ID] [M s nhn vin] [H v tn nhn vin] [NgaySinh] [GioiTinh] [S in thoi] [ChucVu] [CoQuan] [QueQuan]

o
o o o

[HoKhauthuongTru]

Code to cc fields:
USE [DAMH]
GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[danhsach] Script Date: 12/26/2010 09:07:18 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[danhsach]( [ID] [nchar](10) NULL, [M s nhn vin] [nchar](20) NULL,

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AMH1-RFID [H v tn nhn vin] [nchar](21) NULL, [NgaySinh] [datetime] NULL, [GioiTinh] [nchar](10) NULL, [S in thoi] [nchar](15) NULL, [ChucVu] [nchar](10) NULL, [CoQuan] [nchar](10) NULL, [QueQuan] [nchar](50) NULL, [HoKhauthuongTru] [nchar](50) NULL ) ON [PRIMARY]

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o o o o

Table check_2: Vi tr: Cha thng tin cp nhp thi gian ra,vo ca cc nhn vin Cc Field: [M s nhn vin] [H v tn nhn vin] [S in thoi] [Thi gian vo] Code to cc fields:

USE [Bai2]
GO /****** Object: Table [dbo].[check_2] Script Date: 12/26/2010 09:08:51 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO SET ANSI_PADDING ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[check_2]( [M s nhn vin] [nchar](20) NULL, [H v tn nhn vin] [nchar](21) NULL, [S in thoi] [varchar](15) NULL, [Thi gian vo] [datetime] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO

SET ANSI_PADDING OFF

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4.4.2 Chng trnh giao tip Vai tr: Nhn thng tin t reader thng qua cng com,x l thng tin

nhn c,tin hnh kt ni vi database,truyn lnh xung b x l Ngn ng lp trnh : Visual Basic Cc phn chnh trong source code: Phn Com driver:Connect ti cng com.C chc nng gi v nhn thng tin. Phn SQL:Connect vi database.C chc nng c.B sung d liu v database Phn x l trung tm:Phn tch d liu truyn lnh iu khin h thng di. Phn giao din:Hin thng tin cp nhp khi nhn c d liu t reader.

4.4.3 Khi x l ( CPU ) Chc nng: nhn & x l d liu nhn c t sever ri iu khin cc thnh phn

chp hnh S mch:

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Hnh 3.6

Layout:

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Hnh 3.7 Phn Source C:

#include <16f84a.h> #FUSES NOWDT #FUSES XT #FUSES PUT #FUSES NOPROTECT #use delay(clock=4000000) #use rs232(baud=9600,parity=N,xmit=PIN_a0,rcv=PIN_a1) int32 c; byte i; void start()

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{ output_low(pin_a3); for (i=1;i<5;++i) { output_low(pin_a2); delay_ms(20); output_high(pin_a2); delay_ms(180); } output_low(pin_a2); delay_ms(300); output_high(pin_a2); delay_ms(20); output_low(pin_a2); delay_ms(50); output_high(pin_a2); output_high(pin_a3); output_b(0x00); } void cond() { if(c==0x77) output_toggle(Pin_a2);//w:warm //anti if (c==0x6F) //open { output_low(Pin_a3); delay_ms(5000);

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output_high(Pin_a3); } if (c==0x1b) output_b(0x00);//ESC if (c==0x72) start(); //r:reset } void main() { set_tris_b(0b00000000); putc(0xff); start(); while(TRUE) { c=getc(); putc(c); cond(); } }

4.5

Cc chc nng b sung c th i km vi khi x l

V dng vi x l 16f84 c 18 pin nn sau cc ci t c bn th d ti 1 port B (8 pin) nn ta c th li dng port B b sung cc chc nng khc theo yu cu ca cng ty chng hn nh:

LCD: Hin tn hoc cu cho nhn vin. Camera:Khi nhn vin vo th camera bt u quay.Sau khi vo xong th camera

c t ng tt tit kim dung lng.

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X l nh: Chp ly khun mt ca nhn vin so snh vi d liu trong database

phng k gian trm th ca nhn vin vo trong. Cc iu khin khc:n,qut,thng bo,bo ng

Danh mc ti liu tham kho 1. http://www.rfid-handbook.de/ 2. http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/cs199r/readings/rfid-article.pdf 3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ 4. http://www.autoidlabs.org/single-view/dir/article/6/171/page.html 5. http://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/10016/143/1/wb054410.pdf 6. http://avaxhome.ws/ebooks/engeneering_technology/rfid_design_principles.html 7. http://www.rfid.org/ 8. http://www.rfidjournal.com/ 9. http://www.hightechaid.com/tech/rfid/rfid_technology.htm 10.http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu 11.http://www.rfidnews.org 12.http://www.zebra.com/id/zebra/na/en/index/rfid.html 13.http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/RFID-Technology-Keeping-Track-of-DoDs-Stuff-05816/ 14.http://www.rfidc.com 15.http://www.intermec.com/products/rfid/index.aspx 16.http://books.google.com.vn/books? id=ukjhUlI7s80C&printsec=frontcover&dq=principles+RFID&source=bl&ots=dTO9MHrsx7&si g=ncQSc9QkrvC1JWaeYJmXedVnWTA&hl=vi&ei=KBm8TOP9OM7Icd7ma8M&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFsQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=p rinciples%20RFID&f=false (c th vo trang htp://books.google.com.vn search r kha"principles RFID"). 17.Emerging Trends in RFID/Manish Bhuptani, Shahram Moradpour. 11/3/2005. http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=367086&rl=1. GVHD: PGS.TS Hong nh Chin SV:Nguyn Minh Cng 45

AMH1-RFID 18.FAQs. Tp ch RFID. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq.

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19.Khi nim RFID. Bch khoa th Wiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID. 20.Library Protocols. http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/! ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Q_Ky4_389eP0I8yizeIDzAw1i_IcFQEABO5Vqo!. 21. Gii php bo v & qun l th vin, h dy t Tattle Tape + tem RFID: Brochure sn phm/3M 22. http://www.ti.com/rfid/shtml/apps.shtml 23. http://www.bin95.com/case_studies/RFID_Technology_Applications.htm * 24. http://www.mmt-inst.com/rfid%20applications%20in%20manufacturing%20_draft%207_.pdf 25.http://www.edi-center.com/rfid.htm 26. Personal Privacy and Use of RFID Technology in Libraries /Vinod Chachra, CEO VTLS Inc, Daniel McPherson, FASTRAC Project Manager. - VTLS Inc., October 31, 2003 27.RFID Applications For Libraries//Rfid Gazette . http://www.rfidgazette.org/libraries/index.html. 28. RFID Data Model for Libraries/RFID Working Group.- 24/11/2005 29. RFID in libraries - introduction to the issues/Mats G. Lindquist.-Berlin: IFLA, 2003.- 4 tr. 30. RFID Market $2.77Bn in 2006 to $12.35Bn in 2010:RFID Forecasts 2006 to 2016: The latest research from IDTechEx/IDtechEx. http://www.idtechex.com/products/en/articles/00000409.asp 31. RFID System Components and Costs. Tp ch RFID Jounal http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/1336/1/129/. 32. RFID Technology in the Library of Congress. http://www.wam.umd.edu/~athonner/rfidloc.html. 33. Shrouds of Time: The history of RFID. An AIM Publication. http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/shrouds_of_time.pdf. 34. TI-RFid Library Application Solutions. http://www.ti.com/rfid/docs/applications/library/libraryApp.shtml. 35. Nguyn c Bnh. RFID cng ngh tng lai cho th vin//Tp ch th vin Vit nam.- S 04.2006 36. RFID, coming to a library near you/Alorie Gilbert. CNET News.com Published. http://www.news.cnet.com/2038-12-3_6170-1.html. 37 Ngoi ra cn c cc trang khc phc v cho vit tm kim: http://www.google.com.vn/ http://vn.yahoo.com/?p=us http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/hatim221-172492- rfid-entertainment-pptpowerpoint/ http://www.rfidtech.com/Education/Courses.asp http://www.zebra.com/id/zebra/na/en/index/rfid.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification http://www.emmicroelectronic.com/webfiles/product/rfid http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/showthread.php?30190-RFID125khZ_PIC16F877a&p=245981

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http://www.free4vn.org/f79/t20631/#post49066 http://www.pcworld.com.vn/articles/quan-ly/giai-phap-cong-cu/2009/06/1194171/phat-trienrfid-tai-viet-nam/ http://www.safestag.com/products_info.asp?pid=87 http://www.priority1design.com.au/rfid_design.html

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