Nepal joined the WTO on April 23, 2004, becoming the first LDC to join the trading bloc

through full working party negotiation process.

The World Bank is like a cooperative in which 187 member countries are shareholders.

What is the difference between the Bank and the World Bank Group? The term "World Bank" refers only to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)and the International Development Association (IDA). The term "World Bank Group" incorporates five closely associated entities that work collaboratively toward poverty reduction: the World Bank (IBRD and IDA), and three other agencies, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). To learn moreabout each institutions' role, visit the World Bank Group.

Who is the president of the Bank, and how is the president elected? Robert B. Zoellickis the 11th president of the Bank. He is chairman of the Bank's Board of Executive Directors and is also president of the five interrelated organizations that make up the World Bank Group. The president is selected by the Executive Directors for a five-year, renewable term.

International_Financial_Reporting Standards_(IFRS) Nineteenth ASEAN Summit, Bali, Indonesia, 14-19 November 2011 AsEAN members states

i.

Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand

ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix.

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x.

Viet Nam

BIST-EC On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok and given the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation). Myanmar attended the inaugural June Meeting as an observer and joined the organization as a full member at a Special Ministerial Meeting held in Bangkok on 22 December 1997, upon which the name of the grouping was changed to BIMST-EC. Nepal was granted observer status by the second Ministerial Meeting in Dhaka in December 1998. Subsequently, full membership has been granted to Nepal and Bhutan in 2003. In the first Summit on 31 July 2004, leaders of the group agreed that the name of the grouping should be known as BIMSTEC or the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation.

EUROZONE The eurozone ,officially called the euro area,[7]is an economic and monetary union (EMU) of 17 European Union (EU) member statesthat have adopted the euro() as their common currency and sole legal tender. The eurozone currently consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Most other EU states are obliged to join once they meet the criteria to do so. No state has left and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled. Monetary policy of the zone is the responsibility of the European Central Bank(ECB) which is governed by a president and a board of the heads of national central banks. The principal task of the ECB is to keep inflation under control. Though there is no common representation, governance or fiscal policy for the currency union, some co-operation does take place through the Euro Group, which makes political decisions regarding the eurozone and the euro. The Euro Group is composed of the finance ministers of eurozone states, however in emergencies; national leaders also form the Euro Group. Asian Stock Exchanges

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Azerbaijan

Baku Exchange

Interbank

Currency

Bangladesh

Baku Stock Exchange (BSE) Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE)

China

Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) China Financial Futures (CFFEX)

Exchange

Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE) Shanghai Steel Electronic Exchange Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Shenzhen Stock Exchange Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZSE) Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange Society (CGSE) Growth Enterprise Market Hong Kong Exchanges (HKEx) (holding company of Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Futures Exchange and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company) Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) Jakarta Futures Exchange (JFX) Central Japan Commodity Exchange (C-COM) (incorporates Osaka Mercantile Exchange) Kansai Commodities Exchange (KEX) (incorporates Fukuoka Futures Exchange) Fukuoka Stock Exchange Jasdaq Securities Exchange Nagoya Stock Exchange Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) Sapporo Securities Exchange Tokyo Commodity Exchange (TOCOM) Tokyo Financial Exchange (TFX) (formerly Tokyo Financial

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Japan

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Futures Exchange) Maldives Mongolia Nepal Pakistan South Korea Sri Lanka Taiwan Tokyo Grain Exchange (TGE) Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) Kyrgyz Stock Exchange Bursa Malaysia (formerly Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange) Labuan International Financial Exchange (LFX) (offshore financial exchange) Maldives Stock Exchange Mongolian Stock Exchange Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE) Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE) Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE) Singapore Commodity Exchange (SICOM) SGX - Singapore Exchange(Stock Exchange of Singapore and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange) Korea Exchange (KRX)(consolidates Korea Stock Exchange, KOSDAQ Market and the Korea Futures Exchange) Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) GreTai Securities Market Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSEC) Taiwan Futures Exchange (TAIFEX) Agricultural Futures Exchange of (AFET) Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) Tashkent Republican Stock Exchange Uzbek Commodity Exchange

Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Malaysia

Singapore

Thailand

Thailand

Uzbekistan

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Stock Exchanges in Europe Eurex (derivatives exchange, jointly operated by Deutsche Brse AG and SWX Swiss Exchange) European Energy Exchange (EEX) ICE Futures Europe NASDAQ OMX Europe Newex(trading segment for central and eastern European securities on the Regulated Unofficial Market of Frankfurt Stock Exchange) NYSE Euronext(pan-European stock exchange with subsidiaries in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Portugal and the UK; include the New York Stock Exchange, Euronext, Liffe, and NYSE Arca Options) OMX Nordic Exchange (part of NASDAQ OMX Group, serves as a central gateway to the Nordic and Baltic financial markets) Albania Armenia Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Sarajevo Stock Exchange (SASE) Bulgarian Stock Exchange (BSE) Sofia Commodity Exchange Stock and Bursa e Tiranes(Tirana Stock Stock

Exchange) Armenian (Armex) Wiener Exchange) Belarusian Exchange

Exchange Stock and Stock

Brse(Vienna Currency

Euronext Brussels Banja Luka Stock Exchange

(SCE) Zagrebacka

Burza(Zagreb

Exchange) Cyprus Stock Exchange (CSE) Prague Stock Exchange RM-SYSTEM Exchange) (Czech Securities

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Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany

OMX Copenhagen Tallinn Stock Exchange (division of OMX Nordic

Exchange) OMX Helsinki Euronext Paris Georgian Stock Exchange (GSE) Brsen AG(consolidates Hamburg and Hannover Stock

Exchanges) Brse Berlin Equiduct Trading(owner Berlin Stock Exchange) Brse Dsseldorf (Dsseldorf Exchange) Brse Mnchen (Munich Exchange) Boerse Stuttgart (Stuttgart Exchange) Bremer Baumwollbrse (Bremen Cotton Exchange) Deutsche Brse(incorporates Frankfurt Stock Exchange) European Energy Exchange (EEX) Hamburger Brse (Hamburg Exchange) RMX Risk Management Exchange Athens Exchange (ATHEX) Hellenic Athens Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Exchanges Exchange, Group Athens (HELEX EXAE)(consolidates Exchange and

Greece

Derivatives

Thessaloniki Stock Exchange) Budapest Stock Exchange (BSE) Iceland Stock Exchange (ICEX, owner OMX Nordic Exchange) Irish Stock Exchange Borsa Italiana(Italian Stock Exchange, acquired by the London Stock Exchange) Riga Stock Exchange Exchange) Vilnius Stock Exchange (division of OMX Nordic Nordic

(division of OMX

Exchange) Luxembourg Stock Exchange Macedonian Stock Exchange

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Malta Moldova The Netherlands

Malta Stock Exchange Moldova Stock Exchange Euronext Amsterdam jaarverslag.info (annual reports of all Dutch listed

Norway Poland

companies) Oslo Stock Exchange MTS-CeTO Warsaw (WGT) Commodity Exchange

Portugal Romania

Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) Euronext Lisbon Bucharest Stock Exchange Bursa Sibex Moldovei (Sibiu Iasi (Iasi Romanian and Commodities Commodities Exchange) Monetary-Financial Exchange)

Russia

Bursa

Romana

de

Marfuri

(Romanian

Commodities

Exchange) Moscow Interbank (MICEX)

Currency

Exchange

Moscow Stock Exchange Russian Trading System Stock Exchange (RTS) Samara Currency Interbank Exchange St. Petersburg Currency Exchange (SPCEX) St. Petersburg Stock Exchange Siberian Interbank Currency Exchange Ural Regional Currency Exchange Belgrade Stock Exchange Produktna Berze Novi Sad Exchange) (Novi Sad Commodity

Serbia

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Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

Burza

Cennch

Papierov

v Bratislave(Bratislava Stock

Stock

Exchange) Ljubljanska

Borza(Ljubljana

Exchange) Bolsas y Mercados Espanoles (BME)(consolidates Madrid Stock Exchange, Barcelona Stock Exchange, Bilbao Stock Exchange, Valencia Stock Exchange, MEFF AIAF SENAF Holding de Mercados Financieros, BME Consulting (operates in Latin America), and MAB (organised trading system)) OMX Stockholm (division of OMX Nordic Exchange) Swiss Exchange (SWX) Ankara Istanbul Exchange) Ticaret Ticaret Borsasi Borsasi (Ankara (Istanbul Commodity Commodity

Sweden Switzerland Turkey

Exchange)

Istanbul Gold Exchange Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) Izmir Mercantile Exchange (IME) Polatli Grain Exchange PFTS Stock Exchange Ukrainian Exchange Agrarian Mercantile

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Ukrainian Stock Exchange Baltic Exchange (source of maritime market information for the trading and settlement of physical and derivative contracts)

Euronext - Liffe (formerly London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange) LCH.Clearnet London Metal Exchange London Stock Exchange PLUS(equity stock exchange)

Middle East Stock Exchanges

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Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Authority Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates National

Bahrain Stock Exchange Tehran Stock Exchange Iraq Stock Exchange Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Amman Stock Exchange Kuwait Stock Exchange Beirut Stock Exchange Muscat Securities Market Palestine Securities Exchange

Doha Securities Market Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange Dubai Financial Market Dubai Mercantile Exchange

India Stock Exchanges Bombay Commodity Exchange (estwhile the Bombay Oilseeds and Oils Exchange) Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE) Cochin Stock Exchange Inter-Connected Stock Exchange of India (ISE) Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX) National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) National Stock Exchange of India (NCE) OTC Exchange of India(Exchange for Technology and Growth Stocks)

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Pune Stock Exchange (PSE) OPEC The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded in Baghdad, Iraq, with the signing of an agreement in September 1960 by five countries namely Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. They were to become the Founder Members of the Organization. These countries were later joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), the United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975) and Angola (2007). From December 1992 until October 2007, Ecuador suspended its membership. Gabon terminated its membership in 1995. Indonesia suspended its membership effective January 2009. Currently, the Organization has a total of 12 Member Countries. OPEC Secretariat The OPEC Secretariat is the executive organ of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Located in Vienna, it also functions as the Headquarters of the Organization, in accordance with the provisions of the OPEC Statute. IAEA The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957. Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty, the IAEA Statute,[1] the IAEA reports to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council. The IAEA has its headquarters in Vienna, Austria. The IAEA has two "Regional Safeguards Offices" which are located in Toronto, Canada, and in Tokyo, Japan. The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City, United States, and in Geneva, Switzerland. In addition, the IAEA has three laboratories located in Vienna and Seibersdorf, Austria, and in Monaco.

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The IAEA and its former Director General, Mohamed ElBaradei, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prizethat was awarded on October 7, 2005. The IAEA's current Director General is Yukiya Amano. Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations, normally referred to as the Commonwealthand formerly known as the British Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of fifty-four independent member states. All but two of these countries (Mozambique and Rwanda) were formerly part of the British Empire, out of which it developed. European Union (EU) The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states which are located primarily in Europe.[7] The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by six countriesin 1958. In the intervening years the EU has grown in size by the accession of new member states, and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treatyestablished the European Union under its current name in 1993. [8] The latest amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. The EU operates through a hybrid system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmentallymade decisions negotiated by the member states.[9][10][11] Important institutions of the EUinclude the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. OECD The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, is an organization 34 countries founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices, and co-ordinate domestic and international policies of its members. The OECD originated in 1948 as the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), led by Robert Marjolin of France, to help administer the Marshall Planfor the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. Later, its membership was extended to non-

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European states. In 1961, it was reformed into the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development by the Convention on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Most OECD members are high-income economies with a "very high" Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries. SAARC The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organisation of South Asian nations, founded in December 1985 by Ziaur Rahman and dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasising collective selfreliance. Its seven founding members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined the organization in 2005. Meetings of heads of state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign secretaries, twice annually. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. The 16 stated areas of cooperation are agriculture and rural, biotechnology, culture, energy, environment, economy and trade, finance, funding mechanism, human resource development, poverty alleviation, people to people contact, security aspects, social development, science and technology; communications, tourism . Secretary General: Fathimath Dhiyana March Saeed present 1, 2011 to , Maldives

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