()

2/22

2/29

3/07

3/14

3/21

3/28

()

4/04

4/11

4/18

()

10

4/25

11

5/02

12

5/09

13

5/16

14

5/23

15

5/30

()

16

6/06

()

17

6/13

()

18

6/20

20%

40%

40%


1.
|

2.
|

(Bt
)


3.
|

()

4. ()
|


5.
|

()

1996
25

6.
|


7.
|

DNA

8.
|


9.?
|

(
)

GMO,GMM,GMFandLMO

GMO:GeneticallyModifiedOrganism

GMM:GeneticallyModifiedMicroorganism

GMF:GeneticallyModifiedFood

LMO: Living ModifiedOrganism

96/10/04GMO

GMO

|
|

z
z OOO
z OO

Figure1.AdoptionofBtcotton
35

% Cotton Area

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Figure2.SpreadofBtbyprovince(percent

100

Hebei

% cotton area

80

S handon
Henan

60

Anhui

40

J iangsu
Others

20
0
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. (Bt)
2. (Roundup)

10

 Bt

Bt (Bacillusthuringiensis)
()

Cry(deltaendotoxin)
BtCry

Bt
Bacillusthuringiensis

11

Bt

(crystal)
| :
1.cryI()
2.cryII(,)
3.cryIII()
4.cryIV()
5.cryV()

Bt
Bt?

12

Bt
|
|
|
|
|
|

= >

Bt

13

1. 2.
3.

4.Bt

1. 2.
3.

4.

Europeancornborer
Btcorn

14

5
4
3
2
1
0
1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

Year

1998
: 5.3
: 1.4
:>5
2.0

Bt 19992001

1999

2000

2001

a
%

a
%

a
%

nonBt

9
2
22
31
9
29
49
6
12

nonBt
Bt
37
4
11
58
11
19
96
10
10

Bt

236
11
5
318
23
7
221
19
8

15

Bt:
z 1520 12
z 19992000
1 2500

(Rootworm)
()

Above images are from

Iowa State University web site

16

(Bacillusthuringiensis strain149B1)

z Cry34Ab1(14kDa) Cry35Ab1(44kDa)

z
/
Liberty
z

|
|

DowAgroSciences
(NovelBtProteinDevelopedwithPioneerHybrid)

34

1999

17

1. (Bt)
2. (Roundup)

Roundup
Glyphosate
Herbicide
()
Roundup Monsanto

18

 Roundup
Roundup:
1.

2.

3.

4.

Roundup

Glyphosate TolerantCrops
RoundupReady
Monsanto

19

 Roundup

EPSPS

+
Roundup Ready

EPSPS
CP4EPSPS

Roundup

1.EPSPS

()
2.CP4EPSPS

Agrobacterium sp.strainCP4

20

 Roundup

RoundupReady

CP4EPSPS

RoundupReady Soybean(RRS)

Line4032(Monsanto,1995)

RRS

21

(Golden rice)

22

200110

23


A
A

(300)
A
(Science,1999,285:994995)

24

/
/

/
/

/
/

25

 GMO
|

z
z
z

:
z
z
z
z
z

DNA
GMO DNA

(crossing)

z
z
z

()

GMO
:
| (USDA):
(SafetoGrow)
| (EPA):

(SafefortheEnvironment)
(FDA):
(SafetoEat)

26

 GMO

GMO

GMO

GMO

USDA
EPA
FDA

|
z
z
z

/
/ /

|
z
z
z
z

/
//
/

/
/

/
/

27

(mice)

28


~1012

Assessmentoftheallergenicpotentialoffoodsderivedfromgenetically
engineeredcropplants ILSIdecisiontree1996

Yes

SourceofGene
SourceofGene
(Allergenic)
(Allergenic)
Yes

SolidPhaseImmunoassay
Commonly
Allergenic

LessCommonly
Allergenic
Yes

No

DBPCFC
(IRB)

No(<5sera)

Yes
No(>5sera)

SkinPrick
Test
No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

STOP
orlabel

No

Sequence
Similarity
No
Stabilityto
Digestion/
Processing
No

Consultwith
Reg.Agency
forappropriate
furthertests

Reg.Approval/Market

29

Aventis,DowAgroSciences,
Monsanto,Novartis,DuPontSpecialty
Grains,Pioneer/DuPont

DNA

30

 DNA

Aventis,DowAgroSciences
,
Aventis,DowAgroSciences,
Monsanto,Novartis,DuPontSpecialtyGrains,
Pioneer/DuPont
Pioneer/DuPont

06/27/00

DNA

31

FDA
( GAO02566GeneticallyModifiedFood,May2002)

Notes:
Fig.2representstypicaltestsundertakenbyacompany
inthesafetyassessmentofaGMfood.Thefigure
isnotmeanttobeacomprehensiveillustration
thatisusedineverysafetyassessment.
Antinutrients aretestedasasubsetoftoxicity.In
addition,theyareoftenmeasuredwithasimple
nutrition/compositionprofile.
Ifacompanytransfersgeneticmaterialfroman
allergenicsourceandundertakesserumscreening
tests,itdoesnothavetogothroughserum
screeningagainifinvitro digestibilitytestsuncover
asimilaritytoanallergen.Atsuchapoint,itwould
beassessedbyaminoacidsequencesimilarityand
invitro digestibilitytestsforpotentialtoxicity.
IfacompanyreachestheStop(orconsult) decision
point,thentherearefoodsafetyconcernsabout
allergenicity ortoxicityissues.Atthispoint,FDAs
1992policystatementsaysthecompanyshould
consultwithFDA.However,thisusuallymeansthe
companywilldiscontinuedevelopmentoftheGM
productbecauseofallergenicity ortoxicity
concerns.AcompanymayconsultwithFDAif
therewerechangesinthenutrition/composition
profilethatwereintended.

GMO
( GAO02566GeneticallyModifiedFood,May2002)

32

 GeneralAccountingOffice

( GAO02566GeneticallyModifiedFood,May2002)

33

|
|

(substantialequivalence)
GMO

USDA,FDA,EPA

2001.1.17

GMOs

GM
GMOGMOs
0.9%
GMO
1998GMOs

34

|
|

200141
30

GMOnoGMOunsorted
GMOs
5% GMOs

18

GMOs
(ANZFSC)

1999 5 13
2000 12 7

GMO1%

35

2001.3.1()

GMO 3%

GMOs
GMOs

20052010
GMOs 50%

36

37

IIIIIIIV

|
|

38

39

40

41

42

43

/
/

44

(PRSV)

45

z
z
12

46

z
z

z
z

|
|
|
|

47

48

49


|
|

z
z
z
z
z

|
|
|
|
|

/
/

24
GMO5%

50

92.1.1

93.1.1

94.1.1

51

52

 (GMFAC)
|

200120032006
20082010
2012

()
()

z
z
z
z

53

|
|

54

()
|
|
|

13
7
4

55


()
|

91.07.22 ( 10) 22

98.02.17 ( 3) 24

56

57

 (90.1.1)

-
(90.1.1)

()

58

-
(90.1.1)

59

()

Bt(
)

60

61

62

|
|
|
|

63


|
|
|
|
|

19988
lectin

64

TheRoyalSociety
ReviewofdataonpossibletoxicityofGM
potatoes
June1999Ref:11/99

20009
StarLink
FDA

FDACDC

65

InvestigationofHumanHealthEffectAssociatedwith
PotentialExposuretoGeneticallyModifiedCorn

AReport
totheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration
fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention
June11,2001

66

http://www.who.int/fsf/

67

30

Food
Safety 70

20

?
(
)

B1

1
129)

Q&A

Tel:(02)33664519
Fax:(02)33663838
Email:tmpan@ntu.edu.tw

68