Cc ph

+ Ph + Ph 1. Ph

ng th c thu t u chuyn ch hng ho

Trong hng h i qu c t c hai hnh th c thu t u ph bi n. ng th c thu t u ch (liner charter) ng th c thu t u chuy n (voyage charter) ng th c thu t u ch c i m c a t u ch

1.1. Khi ni m v a. Khi ni m t u ch

T u ch l t u ch y th ng xuyn trn m t tuy n nh theo m t l ch trnh nh tr c.

ng nh t

nh, gh qua nh ng c ng nh t

T u ch ho t ng trn tuy n ng nh t nh nn ng i ta cn g i l t u nh tuy n. L ch ch y t u th ng c cc hng t u cng b trn cc ph ng ti n thng tin i chng ph c v khch hng. b. c i m t u ch C n c vo ho t sau: * T u ch th ng c a t u ch , chng ta c th rt ra nh ng ng nh . c i m c b n c a t u ch nh

ng ch hng bch ho c kh i l

* C u t o c a t u ch ph c t p h n cc lo i t u khc. * i u ki n chuyn ch do cc hng t u quy hnh cho ng i g i hng. 1.2. Ph ng th c thu t u ch nh v in s n trn v n n ng bi n pht

a. Khi ni m v thu t u ch Thu t u ch hay ng i ta cn g i l l u c c t u ch (liner booking note). Thu t u ch l ch hng (shipper) tr c ti p hay thng qua ng i mi gi i (broker) yu c u chuy n t u (ship owner) ginh cho mnh thu m t ph n chi c t u chuyn ch hng ho t c ng ny n c ng khc. M i quan h gi a ng i thu v i ng i cho thu trong ph ng th c thu t u ch ch nh b ng m t ch ng t c g i l v n n ng bi n. N i dung c a v n n hng t u quy nh s n b. Trnh t cc b c ti n hnh thu t u ch c i u ng bi n do

Quy tnh thu t u ch c th khi qut thnh cc b + B c 1: Ch hng thng qua ng hng ho cho mnh. + B c 2: Ng note)

c c th nh sau: i mi gi i tm t u h i t u v n chuy n

i mi gi i, nh ng

i mi gi i cho t u h i t u b ng vi c g i gi y l u c

c t u ch (liner booking

Gi y l u c c th ng c in s n thnh m u, trn c cc thng tin c n thi t ng i ta i n vo khi s d ng, vi c l u c c t u ch c th cho m t l hng l v c ng c th cho m t l hng l n th ng xuyn c g i. Ch hng c th l u c c cho c qu, c n m b ng m t h p ng l u cu c v i hng t u. + B c 3: Ng chuy n. i mi gi i v i ch t u tho thu n m t s i u kho n ch y u trong x p d v v n

+ B c 4: Ng i mi gi i thng bo cho ch hng k t qu l u c c v i ch t u. + B c 5: Ch hng n l ch t u v n chuy n hng ho ra c ng giao cho t u. + B c 6: Sau khi hng ho c x p ln t u, ch t u hay i di n c a ch t u s c p cho ch hng m t b v n n theo yu c u c a ch hng. Qua cc b c ti n hnh thu t u ch chng ta th y ng i ta khng k h p ng thu t u. Khi ch hng c nhu c u g i hng b ng t u ch ch c n th hi n trn gi y l u c c v i hng t u v khi hng t u ng nh n hng ch th khi nh n hng, hng t u s pht hnh v n n cho ng g i hng. V n n khi pht hnh ngh a l ch t u c trch nhi m th c hi n vi c v n chuy n l hng. 1.3. V n n ng bi n (Ocean Bill of Lading B/L)

V n n ng bi n l ch ng t chuyn ch hng ho b ng ng bi n do ng i chuyn ch ho c i di n c a ng i chuyn ch pht hnh cho ng i g i hng sau khi hng ho cx p ln t u ho c sau khi nh n hng x p. a. Cc ch c n ng c a v n n n c 3 ch c n ng chnh sau y:

Theo i u 81 B Lu t hng h i, v n

Th nh t, v n n l b ng ch ng v vi c ng i v n chuy n nh n ln t u s hng ho v i s l ng, ch ng lo i, tnh tr ng nh ghi r trong v n n v n chuy n n n i tr hng. Th c hi n ch c n ng ny, v n n l bin lai nh n hng c a ng i chuyn ch c p cho ng i x p hng. N u khng c ghi ch g trn v n n th nh ng hng ho ghi trong ng nhin c th a nh n c Tnh tr ng bn ngoi thch h p (In apperent good order and condition). i u ny c ng c ngh a l ng i bn (ng i xu t kh u) giao hng cho ng i mua (ng i nh p kh u) thng qua ng i chuyn ch v ng i chuyn ch nh n hng ho nh th no th ph i giao cho ng i c m v n n g c m t cch h p php nh ghi trn v n n c ng d hng.

Th hai, v n n g c l ch ng t c gi tr , dng nh o t v nh n hng hay ni n gi n h n v n n l ch ng t xc nh n quy n s h u hng ho ghi trong v n n. V v y, v n n c th mua bn, chuy n nh ng c. Vi c mua bn, chuy n nh ng c th c th c hi n nhi u l n tr c khi hng ho c giao. C m i l n chuy n nh ng nh v y, ng i c m v n n g c trong tay l ch c a hng ho ghi trong v n n, c quy n i ng i chuyn ch giao hng cho mnh theo i u ki n quy nh trong v n n t i c ng n. Th ba, v n n ng bi n l b ng ch ng xc nh n h p bi n c k k t. ng chuyn ch hng ho b ng ng

Trong tr ng h p thu t u chuy n, tr c khi c p v n n ng bi n, ng i thu t u v ng i cho thu t u k k t v i nhau m t h p ng thu t u chuy n (charter party). Khi hng ho c x p hay c nh n x p ln t u, ng i chuyn ch c p cho ng i g i hng v n n ng bi n. V n n c c p xc nh n h p ng v n t i c k k t. Trong tr ng h p thu t u ch th khng c s k k t tr c m t h p ng thu t u nh thu t u chuy n m ch c s cam k t (t pha t u hay ng i chuyn ch ) s dnh ch x p hng cho ng i thu t. S cam k t ny c ghi thnh m t v n b n, g i l gi y l u c c (booking note). V yv n n c c p l b ng ch ng duy nh t xc nh n h p ng v n chuy n hng ho b ng ng bi n c k k t. N i dung c a v n n l c s php l gi i quy t m i tranh ch p x y ra sau ny gi a ng i pht hnh v ng i c m gi v n n. b. Tc d ng c a v n V n n n

ng bi n c nh ng tc d ng ch y u sau y: i x p hng, nh n hng v

Th nh t, v n n l c s php l i u ch nh m i quan h gi a ng ng i chuyn ch . Th hai, v n n l c n c

khai h i quan v lm th t c xu t nh p kh u hng ho. i

Th ba, v n n l c n c nh n hng v xc nh s l ng hng ho ng i bn g i cho ng mua v d a vo ghi s , th ng k, theo di xem ng i bn (ng i chuyn ch ) ho c khng hon thnh trch nhi m c a mnh nh quy nh trong h p ng mua bn ngo i th ng (v n n). Th t , v n hng. n cng cc ch ng t khc c a hng ho l p thnh b ch ng t thanh ton ti n i b o hi m, hay

Th n m, v n n l ch ng t quan tr ng trong b ch ng t khi u n i ng nh ng ng i khc c lin quan. Th su, v n n cn ghi tren v n n . c s d ng lm ch ng t

c m c , mua bn, chuy n nh

ng hng ho

c. Phn lo i v n

V n n ng bi n r t a d ng, phong ph, c s d ng vo nh ng cng vi c khc nhau tu theo n i dung th hi n trn v n n. Trong th c ti n bun bn qu c t , c r t nhi u c n c phn lo i v n n, c th nh sau: - N u c n c vo tnh tr ng x p d hng ho th v n n c chia thnh 2 lo i: v n n x p hng (shipped on board bill of lading) v v n n nh n hng x p (received for shipment bill of lading). - N u c n c vo quy n chuy n nh ng s h u hng ho ghi trn v n n th v n n l i c chia thnh 3 loai: v n n ch danh (straight bill of lading), v n n v danh hay cn g i l v n n xu t trnh (bill of lading to bearer) v v n n theo l nh (bill of lading to order of) - N u c n c vo ph ch c a thuy n tr ng trn v n n, ng i ta l i c v n (Clean bill of lading) v v n n khng hon h o (unclean of lading). n hon h o

- N u c n c vo hnh trnh c a hng ho th v n n l i c chia thnh: v n n i th ng (direct bill of lading), v n n ch su t (through bill of lading) v v n n v n t i lin h p hay v n n a ph ng th c (combined transport bill of lading or multimodal transport bill of lading). - N u c n c vo ph ng th c thu t u chuyn ch l i c v n n t u ch (liner bill of lading) v v n n t u chuy n (voyage bill of lading) hay v n n container (container of lading). - N u c n c vo gi tr s d ng v l u thng ta c v n n copy (copy of lading). n g c (original bill of lading) v v n

Ngoi ra cn c Surrendered B/L Seaway bill, Congen bill Tuy nhin theo B lu t hng h i Vi t nam v n n c k pht d i 3 d ng: v n n ch danh, v n n theo l nh, v n n xu t trnh. 1. Khi ni m v c i m c a t u chuy n

a. Khi ni m t u chuy n T u chuy n l t u khng ch y th ng xuyn trn m t tuy n ng nh t nh ng c ng nh t nh v khng theo m t l ch trnh nh tr c. b. c i m c a t u chuy n C n c vo ho t c i m c a t u chuy n nh sau: nh, khng gh qua

ng c a t u chuy n, chng ta c th rt ra nh ng

i t ng chuyn ch c a t u chuy n : T u chuy n th ng chuyn ch nh ng lo i hng c kh i l ng l n, tnh ch t c a hng ho chuyn ch t ng i thu n nh t v th ng ch y t u.

T u v n chuy n : T u v n chuy n theo ph ng th c chuy n th mi ng h m l n thu n ti n cho vi c b c hng.

ng c c u t o m t boong,

i u ki n chuyn ch : Khc v i t u ch , i v i t u chuy n, i u ki n chuyn ch , c c ph, chi ph d hng ho ln xu ng .... c quy nh c th trong h p ng thu t u do ng i thu v ng i cho thu tho thu n. C c ph : C c t u chuy n khc v i c c t u ch , c c t u chuy n do ng i thu v ng i cho thu tho thu n a vo h p ng, n c th bao g m c chi ph x p d ho c khng tu quy nh. C c t u chuy n th ngbi n ng h n c c t u ch Th tr ng t u chuy n : Th tr ng t u chuy n th khu v c c n c vo ph m vi ho t ng c a t u. 2. Ph ng th c thu t u chuy n ng th c thu t u chuy n: ng c ng i ta chia ra lm cc th tr ng

a. Khi ni m ph

Thu t u chuy n (Voyage) l ch t u (Ship-owner) cho ng i thu t u (Charterer) thu ton b hay m t ph n chi c t u chuyn ch hng ha t c ng ny n c ng khc. Trong ph ng th c thu t u chuy n, m i quan h gi a ng i thu t u (ch hng) v i ng i cho thu t u (ch t u) c i u ch nh b ng m t v n b n g i l h p ng thu t u chuy n (Voyage charter party) vi t t t l C/P. H p ng thu t u do hai bn tho thu n k k t. b. Trnh t cc b c ti n hnh thu t u chuy n c nh sau: v n chuy n

Thu t u chuy n c th chia ra thnh su b + B c 1: Ng i thu t u thng qua ng hng ho cho mnh.

i mi gi i (Broker) yu c u thu t u

b c ny ng i thu t u ph i cung c p cho ng i mi gi i t t c cc thng tin v hng ho nh : tn hng, bao b ng goi, s l ng hng, hnh trnh c a hng.... ng i mi gi i c c s tm t u. B c 2: Ng i mi gi i cho h i t u i mi gi i s tm t u,

Trn c s nh ng thng tin v hng ho do ng i thu t u cung c p, ng cho t u thu cho ph h p v i nhu c u chuyn ch hng ho. +B c 3: Ng i mi gi i m phn v i ch t u

Sau khi cho h i t u, ch t u v ng i mi gi i s m phn v i nhau t t c cc i u kho n c a h p ng thu t u nh i u ki n chuyn ch , c c ph, chi x p d ....

+B

c 4: Ng

i mi gi i thng bo k t qu

m phn v i ng

i thu t u:

Sau khi c k t qu m phn v i ch t u, ng i mi gi i s thng bo k t qu m phn cho ng i thu t u ng i thu t u bi t v chu n b cho vi c k k t h p ng thu t u. +B c 5: Ng i thu t u v i ch t u k k t h p ng

Tr c khi k k t h p ng ng i thu t u ph i r sot l i ton b cc i u kho n c a h p ng. Hai bn s g ch b ho c b sung nh ng i u tho thu n cho ph h p v thu t u chuy n, h p ng m u m i ch nu nh ng nt chung. +B c 6: Th c hi n h p ng

Sau khi h p ng c k k t, h p ng thu t u s c th c hi n Ng i thu t u v n chuy n hng ho ra c ng x p ln t u. Khi hng ho c x p ln t u, ch t u ho c i l c a t u s c p v n n cho ng i thu t u, v n n ny c g i l v n n theo h p ng thu t u (bill of lading to charter party). 3. H p ng thu t u chuy n ng thu t u chuy n ng thu t u, chng ta c th a ra khi ni m

a. Khi qut v h p

H p ng thu t u chuy n l m t d ng c a h p v h p ng thu t u chuy n nh sau:

H p ng thu t u chuy n l h p ng chuyn ch hng ho b ng ng bi n, trong ng i chuyn ch cam k t s chuyn ch hng ho t m t hay m t s c ng ny n m t hay m t s c ng khc giao cho ng i nh n cn ng i thu t u cam k t s thanh ton cu c ph theo ng nh tho thu n c a h p ng. Ng i chuyn ch (carrier) trong h p ng thu t u chuy n c th l ch t u (ship-owner) nh ng c ng c th khng ph i l ch t u m ch l ng i thu t u c a ng i khc kinh doanh l y c c. Cn ng i thu t u chuyn ch hng ho c th l ng i xu t kh u v c ng c th l ng i nh p kh u theo i u ki n v c s giao hng c p d ng trong h p ng mua bn ngo i th ng. Song trn th c t ng i thu t u v ng i cho thu t u r t t khi tr c ti p k h p ng v i nhau. Trong thu t u ni chung v thu t u chuy n ni ring, ng i ta hay thng qua i l ho c ng i mi gi i ti n hnh vi c thu t u. Ng i mi gi i hay i l th ng l nh ng ng i c chuyn mn, am hi u v th tr ng thu t u, lu t hng h i, t p t c c a cc c ng... chnh v v y khi thay m t cho ng i thu hay ng i cho thu t u k k t h p ng chuyn ch s b o m quy n l i cho ng i u thc t t h n b. M i quan h gi a h p ng thu t u chuy n v i v n n ng thu t u (C/P) v i

Khi chuyn ch hng ho b ng t u chuy n, chng ta c n phn bi t h p

v n n theo h p ng thu t u. Hai lo i ch ng t ny u lin quan t i hng ho chuyn ch nh ng c s khc nhau. Theo thng l Hng h i qu c t v b lu t Hng h i c a Vi t nam ( i u 61-1), h p ng thu t u l c s php l xc nh trch nhi m v nghia v gi a ng i thu t u v ng i chuyn ch . Sau khi hng ho c x p ln t u, ng i chuyn ch ho c i di n c a h c ngh a v k pht v n n (B/L) cho ng i giao hng. Ng i giao hng (ng i bn) dng v n n c c s i ti n ng i mua. Trong lu t Hng h i qu c t c ng nh i u 81-3 b lu t Hng h i Vi t nam th v n n l c s php l i u ch nh quan h gi a ng i chuyn ch v ng i nh n hng c ng n. Nh v y, khi chuyn ch hng ho c bn theo i u ki n CIF hay CFR ng i chuyn ch tr thnh ch th c a hai m i quan h php l khc nhau v c l p v i nhau. Theo cu n Carriage by sea (trang 350 - London 1973) c a lu t s ng i Anh (Carver) th ng i nh n hng nh n v n n t ng i bn hng v v n n quy nh trch nhi m c a ch t u v i ng i c m gi v n n ( c ng ch), n c l p v i h p ng thu t u, tr tr ng h p hai bn quy nh r trong v n n c ghi ch v a n i dung h p ng thu t u vo . Chnh v v y m c d ng i c m gi v n n c th nh n bi t qua v n n r ng c t n t i m t h p ng thu t u nh th nh ng v n n khi chuyn cho ng i nh n hng (ng i c m gi v n n) th n s t o ra m t h p ng m i rng bu c ch t u v i ng i c v n n theo cc i u ki n ghi trn v n n. Thng th ng, trong h p ng thu t u quy nh n u c tranh ch p s gi i quy t t i Tr ng ti n c no. Ng c l i trong v n n c ng c i u kho n tr ng ti ni r khi c tranh ch p gi a ng i chuyn ch v ng i nh n hng, tranh ch p s c gi i quy t u, theo lu t no (th ng d n chi u t i quy t c Hague -Visby). Nh v y khng th l y i u kho n tr ng ti trong h p ng thu t u gi i quy t tranh ch p pht sinh t v n n v ng c l i (tr v n n c quy nh p d ng i u kho n c a h p ng thu t u) v i u kho n tr ng ti trong hai ch ng c php l ny i u ch nh hai lo i quan h v ch th php l khc nhau. Th c t trong qu trnh chuyn ch , n u c tranh ch p pht sinh th ng i ta s gi i quy t tranh ch p d a vo v n n ho c d a vo h p ng thu t u tu theo cc tr ng h p sau y: + Tr ng h p 1: Ng i nh n hng ng th i l ng i k h p ng thu t u, khi c tranh ch p pht sinh i v i ng i chuyn ch s l y h p ng thu t u gi i quy t tranh ch p. + Tr ng h p 2: Ng i nh n hng khng ph i l ng i k h p ng thu t u, khi c tranh ch p pht sinh i v i ng i chuyn ch s l y v n n gi i quy t tranh ch p. + Tr ng h p 3: V n n chuy n nh ng cho ng ng i chuyn ch v i ng i c m v n n s l y v n i khc, khi c tranh ch p pht sinh gi a n gi i quy t tranh ch p.

+ Tr ng h p 4: V n n c d n chi u n cc i u kho n c a h p ng thu t u th s l y cc i u kho n c a h p ng thu t u gi i quy t tranh ch p. i v i lo i v n n ny th ng trn v n n ng i ta ghi r v n n dng v i h p ng thu t u - Bill of lading to be used with charter party,.

hartering terms & conditions

BAREBOAT CHARTERER: Charterer gets the ship, its hull, and machinery, and must hire a crew or the services of a ship management company. By contrast, a time charterer pays for a ready-to-go vessel. CHARTER PARTY: Actual document substantiating a vessel charter. There are several standard agreements, such as box time, or New York Produce Exchange (NYPE). Box time is favored more than NYPE, which dates to the 1920s and contains archaic language. Larger liner companies have their own charter parties. Most charter parties are written, though a few are oral, generally among parties whose business is well known to each other. By law, a charter party is no less valid if it has been orally rendered. VOYAGE CHARTER: A charterer pays for use of a vessel to carry cargo from one designated port to another, or one port range to another. Charterer is usually responsible for stowage, discharge of cargo, and pays freight passed on vessel capacity or cargo loaded. The greatest risk is that a voyage may last longer than anticipated. TIME CHARTER A charterer pay for the use of a vessel for a specified period. The charterer also provides and pays for fuel, port charges, and pilotage. The shipowner retains responsibility for navigation and most operations aboard the vessel. PART CHARTER:Usually based on voyage charter party model, and occur when a shipowner cannot locate a charterer with a full load. Part charters can work well if the cargo is too large or bulky to be carried on a liner vessel, but too small to justify a full vessel charter. RECAP The document transmitted when a fixture has been agreed, setting forth all of the negotiated terms and details. This is the operative document until the charter party is drawn up. HIRE Charterer compensates the owner for use of a vessel. "On hire" means the ship is in service as contracted. "Off hire" means that the ship is temporarily unavailable to the charterer. FIXTURE Conclusion of charter negotiations between owner and charterer, when an agreement has been reached to charter a vessel. DISPONENT OWNER: Name used to describe a charterer who acts as an owner by subchartering a vessel, and assuming an owners liability to the sub-charterer. FREIGHT: Compensation paid to the owner by the voyage charterer for use of a vessel. "This is sometimes confusing because the same term is used to describe the payment made by a cargo shipper to the bill of lading issuer," said Keith Heard, an admiralty attorney with the firm of Burke & Parsons in New York. FIOS (FREE IN, OUT, STOWED) :

It is most important to remember that the "Free" reference is viewed from the ship Owners point of view - not the Shippers. Some Shippers get caught out when they read the word "Free" as they incorrectly believe that it refers to them. Freight rates quoted on a FIOS basis specifically exclude all aspects relating to cargo handling operations. Theship is only responsible for expenses arising as a result of the s calling into the port, i.e. tugs, pilots and light dues etc. Another very important consideration when booking cargo on FIOS terms is that the ship does not bear any responsibility for the speed of loading or discharging. Usually the rate agreed includes a fixed "free" period of time for loading/discharging operations, after which time a daily demurrage is incurred. Obviously this is of paramount importance where port congestion or stevedoring performance is uncertain. There are many overseas ports which fall into this category and particularly where vessel demurrage rates can vary significantly, depending on the size and type of ship nominated to undertake the particular project. LINER TERMS - GENERAL STATEMENT : Liner Terms is a very ambiguous statement and can be interpreted in a variety of ways in different ports of the world and by differentShip Owners/Agents. Personally we would prefer to clearly define the extent of responsibility when quoting on this basis. LINER TERMS HOOK / HOOK : Given that this is a notional point in chartering terms, this is best described as the Shipper/Receiver arranging for delivery/receival of cargo to/from directly under ships hook and theship paying for the labour to stow the cargo in the vessels cargo holds, as well as on-board lashing & securing and provision of dunnage materials, and to discharge again over theships side. Shore based stevedoring aspects remain the responsibility of the shipper/receiver, however, there are some Owners that may incorporate these costs into their LTHH rate. Once again, ask Owners to clearly define this aspect. Wharfage charges/dues/taxes can be a contentious issue but are usually considered to be for the Shippers/Receivers account and there may also be many other statutory levies on cargo or freight that may apply. Many Shippers/Receivers are unaware of these additional costs and do not include them into their costing and consequently may be left with an unexpected considerable expense at the completion of a project. FULL LINER TERMS : This is somewhat a vaguer term given different port practices. However, it generally implies that the freight amount provided includes both shore based and on-board stevedoring, lashing/unlashing, dunnage materials, securing/unsecuring and all costs of presenting to/receiving the cargo from theships side; with the shippers/receivers just bearing the cost of discharging from/reloading to the transport, along with the usual port charges/levies/taxes etc. Frequently the terms are varied at different ends of the voyage i.e. FILO (Free In/Liner Out),

LIFO (Liner In Free Out) or FIFO (Free In/Free Out) etc. To be absolutely sure of all liabilities, it is always advisable to request that terms clearly and concisely indicate what is/isnt included in your particular contract - in laymans terms. 1. Tn v a ch ng 2. Quy nh v tu: i thu tu, ng i v n chuy n.

Tn tu C tu N m ng Tr ng t i Dung tch ng k ton ph n v dung tch Lo i h ng c a tu C quan ng ki m kh n ng i bi n V tr c a tu lc k h p ng 3. Th i gian tu n c ng x p: ph i quy

ng k t nh

nh r kho ng th i gian

N u tu n ch m qu quy nh, ng i thu tu c quy n hu h p ng (theo tho thu n). Tu c xem nh n c ng n u x y ra m t trong ba tr ng h p sau: Tu c p c u c ng ho c n vng th ng m i c a c ng quy nh trong C/P Tu s n sng x p ho c d hng c a ng i thu Tu trao thng bo s n sng NOR (Notice of Readiness) cho ng i c ghi trong C/P (t c ng i thu) 4. Quy nh v hng:

Tn hng- Lo i bao b Tr ng l ng (c dung sai) Th tch [L u : n v tr ng l ng c th dng MT (Metric Ton: 1000kg), t n di (Long Ton: 1016kg) hay t n ng n (Short Ton: 907kg).V th tch c th dng mt kh i hay t n kh i Anh (CFT). Ch tu c l a ch n ho c dng tr ng l ng hay th tch tnh ti n c c i u no c l i cho h .N u ng i thu tu cung c p khng s l ng hng quy nh, c ng ph i ch u c c nh hng y tu. N u c chn lt, c n quy nh ai ch u chi ph v cung c p v t li u chn lt (ch tu hay ng i thu tu)] 5. C ng x p d : C th l m t hay nhi u c ng ho c m t khu v c hay m t nhm c ng. C ng x p ph i l c ng an ton v hng h i v chnh tr t c l ph i su tu lun n i ho c n u ch m bn v n m b o an ton cho tu v khng c chi n tranh, nh cng, b o lo n. 6. Chi ph x p d hng: B n cch ch y u quy Theo i u ki n tu ch (Liner Terms): ng nh ai ph i ch u chi ph x p d :

i v n chuy n ph i ch u trch nhi m v chi ph x p

d hng. Cc chi ph x p d c tnh g p trong gi c c thu tu. Theo cch ny, m c x p d c quy nh theo t p qun c a c ng (ng i ta ghi According to customs of port ho c With all despatch ho c customary quick despatch ch khng quy nh ti n th ng ph t x p d nhanh hay ch m nh thu tu chuy n Theo i u ki n mi n x p (Free In: FI): Ch tu ph d hng t i c ng n. c mi n ph x p xu ng tu, nh ng ph i ch u n

Theo i u ki n mi n d (Free Out: FO): ch tu c mi n ph d hng kh i tu t i c ng nh ng ph i ch u chi ph x p hng xu ng tu t i c ng x p.

Theo i u ki n mi n x p. d (Free In and Out: FIO): Ng i thu tu ph i ch u cc ph chi ph x p hng xu ng tu t i c ng x p c ng nh ph d hng kh i tu t i c ng d .. Ngoi ra cn quy nh chi ph san hng (Trimming) v i hng c bao b h m tu do ai ch u. i v i hng r i v x p sau gi c t (Stowage) i

N u ch tu c mi n ph x p d , san x p th ghi FIOST 15/MT, FIOST

c. Th d : Freight: USD