ADP6 : FIT AND REMOVE A RANGE OF COMMON USE COMPONENTS E.G.

SPLIT PINS, TABS, SPRING AND PLAIN WASHERS, PLAIN AND LOCK NUTS. Assessor Reference Materials : Part 66 M6 / M7 and CAIP BL 6-13 Issues for Discussion. Difference between bolts and screws Screws Normally differ from a bolt because they have a slot or recess in the head so th ey can be turned with a screwdriver rather than a wrench, and their threads exte nd all of the way to the head. Lower material strength, looser thread fit, head shapes formed to engage a screw driver, and the shank may be threaded along its entire length without a clearly defined grip. Bolts The most common type of threaded fastener, available in a number of materials su ch as nickel steel, aluminium alloy, CRS, and titanium. Different types of heads for special purposes and different thread pitches adapt them to special functio ns. Higher material strength, head shapes formed to engage a wrench or a screwdriver , has a grip length, use with nuts. 2. Types of nuts used in aircraft maintenance (refer AMH pg 184 188) Non-locking nuts: Castellated, or castle airframe nuts. Plain airframe nuts. Slotted engine nuts. Self-locking nuts: Low-temperature locking nuts. High temperature locking nuts. Wing nuts. Anchor nuts. Channel nuts. Pressed-steel nuts Tinnerman type u speed nut. Pressed steel anchor nuts. Instrument nuts. Rivnuts. Checknut. Pal nut. Nut with LH thread p/no got L Shear nuts are 0.2 thick in all sizes 3. Types of washers used in aircraft maintenance (refer AMH pg 193 -195) Plain washers. Lock washers: Split lock washer. Internal shakeproof lock washer. External shakeproof lock washer. Ball socket and seat washers. PLI (preload indicating) washers. Washers consist of inner ring and outer ring. The inner ring is thicker than the outer ring and has a predetermined value for torque loading. The inner ring wil l be flushed with the outer ring when the required torque is reach. If the outer ring can rotate the value is not reached yet. Spring washers, cup washers, crinkle washers, tab washers. 4. Types of bolts and screws used in aircraft maintenance Bolts (refer AMH pg 177 181). Hex-head bolts (standard bolts). Flush-head bolts. Drilled-head bolt. Twelve-point, washer-head bolts. Internal wrenching bolts. 1.

Clevis bolts. Eyebolts Screws (refer AMH pg 181 183). Round head. Pan head. 100o flush head. 82o flush head. Fillister head. Set screws. Self tapping sheet-metal screws. Structural screws, Machine screws (countersunk, roundhead, fillister, and socket head), Self tapping screws. 5. Source of reference for hardware identification AC43.13, CAIP, IPC, AMM, spares list at stores, modification/repair leaflet. 6. How to identify close tolerance bolt Triangle in the middle of the head. 7. How to check serviceability of spring washers The spring washer retains its springiness and the edges of the single spring was her remain sharp then it may be reused. Renew during overhaul or repair, can be re-used if it is still springy and retai ns its sharp corners. 8. How to use split pins on clevis pins Up & down or left & right 9. When to use lock washers Used under large nut where severe vibration is of concern. Used to protect the mating surface from any scratches/cut by bolt and nut. Used to distribute load evenly under fasteners. Split lock washer: Prevent vibration from loosening nut by producing a stress between the nut and t he material being clamped. Not to be used on aircraft structure where failure of washer might result in dam age or danger to aircraft or personnel. Primarily used under large nuts. Shakeproof lock washer: Teeth are twisted to produce the needed stress. Primarily used with machine screw. 10. Areas where split pins are used Drilled bolt shank, slotted nuts, castellated nuts, clevis pin. 11. Areas where nylon lock nuts are used Low temperature areas. 12. Areas where metal lock nuts are used High temperature areas. 13. How to check serviceability of lock nuts As long as a wrench is required to turn it on the bolt. Turn the lock nut into the male thread by using finger pressure only. If the mal e thread can protrude beyond the friction lock element of the locknut, it means that the locking is unsatisfactory. 14. How do you know the locking nut is safe Bearing surface of the nut threads must bed together evenly and torque loaded ac cordingly, wire locked, make sure only one complete thread is shown beyond the i nsert. 15. Inspection on completion of fastening processes Check for torque, check for locking, split pins or wire locking. Check for washe rs, check protrusion, ensure the sharp edges of the locking devices do not cause any injury to personnel or catch your loose clothes. 16. Extra questions:Pal nut A thin nut used primarily on engines as a check nut to prevent a plain nut from loosening. Pal nut has the ability to distort under loads and returns to its original shape

in the threaded area. This is because they are made of spring like steel. Pal n ut is lighter than Standard nut. Can be either cadmium plated or zinc plated to protect against corrosion. Pal nut has thinner head compares to standard nut. Ti ghten by using internal wrench / socket. Location where peening of fasteners is carried out The bolt end. The bolt must extend 1 threads through the nut before the peening is started. A new bolt and nut is fitted each time. Code system on nut. Type of nut: P Ordinary nut. S Slotted nut. C Castellated nut. T Thin nut. Material of the nut: C CRS. DD Aluminium Alloy machine screw nut. D Other aluminium alloy. B Brass. L/R Left / Right hand thread.