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BSC 1093 Study Questions CHAPTER 1: The Human Body Define: anatomy: Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to each other principle of complementarity: the relationship between a structure and its function positive feedback: the result or response enhanced the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. physiology: concerns the function of the body; how body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities. homeostasis: A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body. negative feedback: the most common homeostatic control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

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What are three essential concepts related to the human body? Explain each concept, and give an example of each The Complenetarity of Structure: -function is dependent on structure -changes in structure may change function Hierarchy of Structural Organization: -see #3 Homeostasis: -Maintaining a stable internal environment through contol mechanisms. What are the 6 levels of organization, and define what makes up each level (i.e. Chemical Level: Atoms Molecules Cellular: Tissue Level: Epithelium Muscle Connective Tissue Nervous Tissue Organs: Liver Brain Blood Vessels Organ System Level: Cardiovascular Integumentary Muscular Nervous

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Endocrine Lymphatic Repiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Organismal Level: Humans What are the major functions of the organ systems? organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body. maintain homeostasis

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List the 8 functions required for life, and give an example of each. Maintain their boundaries Move Respond to environmental changes Take in and digest nutrients Carry our Metabolism Dispose of wastes Reproduce themselves Grow What are the 5 survival needs? Nutrients Oxygen Water Appropriate temperature Atmospheric pressure What is the purpose of a homeostatic control mechanism? What are the 5 main parts of the mechanism and what is each parts function? Stimulus: Produces change variable. Receptor: detects change. Input: Information sent along afferent pathway to control center. Output: Info sent along efferent pathway to effector. Response: effector feeds bck to reduce the effect of stimuls and returns variable to homeostatic level. Compare and Contrast negative and positive feedback mechanisms, and give an example of each. Negative Feedback takes a stimulus stops or slows it down, which causes variable to change in opposite direction of initial change returning to ideal value. example would be AC set on 70* temp drops below 70* heater kicks on and increases temp above 70* which then turns the heater off.

Positive Feedback is a response that enhanced original stimulus so response is accelerated. change proceeds in same direction as initial change causing it to deviate further from original value. 9. What does a homeostatic imbalance often result in? Disease