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Maintenance and Life Time Extension of Power Transformers: Kari Heinonen
Maintenance and Life Time Extension of Power Transformers: Kari Heinonen
ABSTRACT
Visual inspections Oil testing Oil filtering Bushings OLTC Transformer refurbishment Copper corrosion Failure investigation
K Heinonen, Infratek Finland Oy 2
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kpl 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Fig. 1.
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Perushuolletut Huoltamattomat
Vuosimalli
1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
1 Visual inspections
1 to 6 months interval Bushings: Oil level, Leakages etc. Corrective actions immediately with dangerous findings
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2 Oil analysis
There are not any excuses why not to apply frequent oil analysing. DGA and break down voltage test: 2 years period Other analysis: 10 year period Warranty period: more frequent monitoring
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Bushings with oilpaper insulation: DGA 10 years interval, OR Power Factor measurement, 10 years interval
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PF2
C1
C2
0,14 % 80,5 %
180 pF 190 pF
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H2 27
CO2 3819
CO 964
C2H4 4
C2H6 9
CH4 18
C2H2 <0,5
TCG 1022
27 28 27 23
29 20 24 8
3 3 3 5
12 10 13 11
0 0 0 0
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3 On-site and on-line gas analysis 280 MVA, 400/15 kV On-line gas monitoring
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On-site oil filtering: Start of repair activities needs to be delayed Not any corrective action Low break down voltage: Filtering and oil degassing Continuous degassing Oil regeneration: Aged oil as good as new oil.
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5 Monitoring of transformer bushings Oil sampling or power factor measurement 10 year period When refurbishingTrafo: Lab. Testing: voltage test, tan delta, partial discharges, capacitance. 2,0 % of all 110 kV bushings tested had minor failures and 2,5 % of bushings had to be scrapped immediately
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PD
1,0 x Un
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Five to six years period Oil sampling, visual inspections, relay testing, bushing and transformer power factor testing etc. during the same outage.
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7 Transformer refurbishment
Refurbishment: Lifting of active part
(core and windings; untanking)
On-site, power plant, repair shop, at the manufacturer Finland ca. 30 % of all 110 kV 400 kV transformers (ca. 2000 pcs.) revised WHY: Better reliability, Longer lifetime, Environment Cost 1520 % of new price.
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7 Transformer refurbishment continues 110 kV transformers: Trailer transportation to workshop 4 to 6 weeks including transportations On-site refurbishment: * 110 kV, 100 MVA + * (220 kV transformers) * 400 kV transformers
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9 Other maintenance methods Thermocamera: Local surface hotspots, loose contacts Low voltage transformer busbars: plastic coating against animals Replacement of old type surge arresters
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10 Copper corrosion Some oils are more risky than the others. Identify risky trafos Start actions to reduce the risk (lower temperature, passivator addition).
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11 Failure investigations
Data: protection relays, fault recorders, visual and audible observations etc.. Electrical measurements and oil testing False alarm? Can we repair it onsite? Active part lifting is needed? Transport is needed?
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12 Conclusions
Utilize the existing transformer capacity as long time as possible There are not any excuses why not to apply frequent oil analysing Bushings shall be oil sampled or power factor measured every 10th year Transformer refurbishment / untanking Once during lifetime
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