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Heat Flow
WEEK-8 F E B 2 2 ND 2 0 1 2

Correction: Assignment 3 / Q. No. 7

2

normal

60

2011-12 Semester-II

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Reference
3

M.C. Flemmings, /Solidification Processing Chapter-1 http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/solidification_alloys/in

dex.php
Note: Some people have argued that Class average for

Quizzes a e ot e good. Q i es are not very good

Solution: More Quizzes (after midsem) to average it out? Please send your opinion by email

2011-12 Semester-II

Interface resistance dominated heat flow

4

In many a casting processes, heat flow is controlled

to significant extent by resistance at the mould-metal g y interface [How should the temperature plot look like?] These processes include the permanent-mouldcasting, die-casting, powder manufacturing processes extent, The mould being assumed infinite in extent remains at its original temperature Compare the time of solidification for this condition, with Chvorinovs Rule
2011-12 Semester-II

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Ingot Casting
5

In many cases, thermal resistance of the metal, mold

and mold surrounding must be considered for complete solution How would the temperature-distance plot look like

When solidifying metal has significant resistance When both metal and mould has significant resistance

g , , Second condition is much more general, however, the first one is not far from reality either. How can you achieve second condition?

2011-12 Semester-II

Alloy Solidification
6

Why would this be different from what we have

studied so far? Draw temperature plot for alloy solidification

Most alloys solidify over a range of temperatures rather

than at a discrete melting point Tm [Why?] Analytical solution can be found for the case where we semi infinite have semi-infinite metal and mould, no interface resistance, constant thermal properties, and heat of fusion distributed evenly over the solidification range Approximate analytical solutions can be found for other cases
2011-12 Semester-II

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Alloy Solidification
7

h = infinity (what does it mean?)

2011-12 Semester-II

h = 0.04 cal/ cm2.C.s

Alloy Solidification
8

No interface resistance Both liquidus and solidus isotherms move linearly with square root of time The velocity of liquidus isotherm is not affected by approaching the upper end of ingot, but the velocity of solidus isotherm is significantly altered by this end effect Presence of interface resistance alters behavior of the isotherms only in the vicinity of the chill face Initial rate is slow and there is a finite delay before movement of the solidus isotherm

2011-12 Semester-II

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Alloy Solidification
9

The vertical distance between liquidus and solidus

represents ? p The horizontal distance is a measure of the local solidification time tf (this is inversely proportional to average cooling rate) Solidification structure strongly depends on this local solidification time In case of finite h, liquid remains in contact with the h mold surface a finite time during solidification. This results in certain type of macrosegregation including inverse segregation
2011-12 Semester-II