5 IP (IP routing)

IP routing
IP routing IP routing
router Cisco router
routing protocol routed
protocol routing protocol router network
internetwork router routing table routing
protocol internetwork routing protocol RIP,
IGRP, EIGRP OSPF
router network router protocol
router protocol interface
router protocol IP IPX
IP
routing Cisco router

IP routing Cisco
router
Static routing
Default routing
Dynamic routing
6 Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
dynamic routing EIGRP OSPF routing basics
Routing Basics
internetwork Wan Lan router
network address IP address host
internerwork internetwork
routing network
network router hosts nerwork
network network address destination host ()

 network host
destination host
network router routing router
internetwork
Destination address
Neighbor routers from which it can learn about remote networks
Possible routes to all remote networks
The best route to each remote network
How to maintain and verify routing information

router remote network router negihbor administrator

router router table remote network network connect
router network connect router
remote network 2 static routing dynamic routing
dynamic routing protocol router
protocol neighbor router router network
routing table occurs nerwork
dynamic routing protocol static routing
administrator network
dynamic static routing
IP routing process router routing table
interface
5.1 Lab_A router serial interface PC
Lan interface

 5.1 Lab_A IP address host 10.10.10.10? output routing

table Lab_A
Lab_A#sh ip route
[output cut]
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 10.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 10.10.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 10.10.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/2
C 10.10.40.0/24 is directly connected, Serial 0/0
C routing table output network
directly connected () routing protocol RIP, IGRP, etc.
router internetwork routing table network directly connected

output routing table, IP

received packet destination IP address 10.10.10.10? router packet-switch
interface FastEthernet0/0 interface frame network
process
The IP routing process

IP routing process process IP

routing network Figure 5.2
Host_A Host_B different network

user Host_A ping IP address Host_B router

router router
1. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) payload (
)
2. ICPM payload Internet Protocol (IP) packet packet
IP source address , IP destination address protocol fild
01h ( Cisco 0x hex character 0x01)
receiving host payload destination
3. IP destination IP address local network
remote one
4. IP remote request packet default gateway
packet remote network
5. default gateway host 172.16.10.0 (Host_A) configured 172.16.10.1
packet default gateway hardware address routers
interface Ethernet 0 (configured IP address 172.16.10.1) packet
handed down Data Link Layer,framed routers
interface connected 172.16.10.0 Host via hardware addresses
local LAN Host_B packet MAV
address default gateway local network
6. ARP check IP address default gateway
7. packet destination hardware address handed Data Link layer LAN
media acess via frame encapsulation packet control
information frame hardware destination sourse address

 Network layer protocol handed packet Data Link layer frame

Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Cyclic
Redundarcy Check (CRC)
8. frame physical layer
9. collision domain receives bit frame
CRC check FCS match frame

- CRC match Hardware destination address check match

- match Ether-Type field check protocol

Network layer
10. packet frame frame packet
protocol Ether-Type field protocol IP
11. IP receives packet check IP destination address destination address
packet match router receives router
destination IP address routing table
12. routing table 172.16.20.0 packet discard imjediately
ICMP originating device Destination
Network Unreachable
13. router destination network packet switch
interface
14. router packet-switch packet Ethernet 1 Buffer
15. Ethernet 1 Buffer Hardware address destination host ARP
check
- Hardware address Host_B resolved packet Hardware address
handed down Data Link layer frame
- Hardware address resolved router ARP request E1
Hardware address 172.16.20.2
Host_B Hardware address,packet destination hardware
Data Link layer frameing

16. Data Link layer frame destination source hardware address

Ether-Type field FCS field frame frame
handed Physical layer
17. Host_B receives frame immediately run CRC match
FCS.Hardware destination address check host chech match
Ether-Type field check protocol packet handed
Network layer
18. Network layer IP receives packet check IP destination address match
protocol check destination address
19. payload handed ICMP echo request ICMP
immediately discarding packet generating payload
20. packet source destination address ,protocol payload
21. IP check destination IP address local LAN remote network
destination device remote network packet default gateway
22. default gateway IP address found Registry Window device ARP
check hardware address resolved IP address
23. hardware address default gateway found packet destination
address handed down Data Link layer frameing
24. Data Link layer frame packet of information

- destination source hardware address

- Ether-Type field 0x0800 (IP)
- FCS CRC
25. frame handed down Physical layer network medium
bit
26. Ethernet 1 interface receives Bit frame CRC run FCS
check match
27. CRC found ok hardware destination address check interface
router match packet frame Ether-Type check
protocol Network layer packet
28. IP protocol packet IP run CRC check IP header
check destination address

29. router 172.16.10.0 interface Ethernet0

packet switch interface Ethernet 0
30. router check ARP cache hardware address 172.16.10.2
resolved
31. 172.16.10.2 cached originating trip Host_B hardware address
packet Data Link layer
32. Data Link layer frame destination hardware address source
hardware address IP Ether-Type CRC run frame
FCS
33. frame Physical layer local network
34. destination host receives frame run CRC check destination
hardware address Ether-Type
35. IP designeted receiver packet handed IP check
protocol further direction IP payload
ICMP ICMP packet ICMP echo
36. ICMP ackkhowledges exclamation point (!) user ICMP
echo requsst destination host
Testing Your IP Routing Understanding

IP routing
section IP routing process Figure
IP Routing
Figure 5.3 LAN connect Router A Router A WAN
Router B Router B LAN HTTP sever

 IP Routing occur
1. destination address Host A MAC address F0/0 interface Router A
2. destination address packet IP address network interface card (NIC)
HTTP sever
3. destination port number segment header 80
Figure 5.4 network router 2 switches
IP routing process Host A data
HTTP sever
1. destination address Host A MAC address F0/0 interface Router A
2. destination address packet IP address network interface card (NIC)
HTTP sever
3. destination port number segment header 443
switches default gateway destination
switches routing switches
default gateway (destination) MAC address Host A fact
MAC address routers interface packet LAN 2

advanced aspects of IP routing

ICMP ICMP internetwork

- Packet free Data Link layer frameing (Hardware destination

address handed down packet)
- Hardware address ARP host ARP broadcast
local network hardware address 172.16.10.1 router
request hardware address Ethernet0 host caches
address

network 5.5 interface E0 RouterC

HostA HostB
RouterC ICMP HostA HostB
ICMP Destination Unreachable message

 output RouterC routing table

RouterC received IP packer source IP address 192.168.214.20 destination

Address 192.168.22.3 router packet
Routing table 192.168.22.0 router packet ICMP
Destination Unreachable message interface FastEthernet 0/0 source
LAN packet original from
IP Routing in a Larger Network
router IP network routing table
network direct connect router Figure 5.6 router 3
Lab_A, Lab_B, Lab_C

Figure 5.6 router 3 connect WAN router Ethernet

network router 5
Table 5.1 IP address configuration network
Network table default Class C 24-bit subnet mask 255.255.255.0

Lab_A Configuration
configure router Lab_A IP address interface
FastEthernet0/0,serial 0/0 configuration hostname router
Router>en
Router#config t
Router(config)#hostname Lab_A
Lab_A(config)#enable secret todd
Lab_A(config)#interface fa0/0
Lab_A(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Lab_A(config-if)#description Lab_A LAN Connection
Lab_A(config-if)#no shut
Lab_A(config-if)#interface serial 0/0
Lab_A(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Lab_A(config-if)#description WAN Connection to Lab_B
Lab_A(config-if)#no shut
Lab_A(config-if)#exit
Lab_A(config)#line console 0
Lab_A(config-line)#password todd
Lab_A(config-line)#login
Lab_A(config-line)#line aux 0
Lab_A(config-line)#password todd
Lab_A(config-line)#login
Lab_A(config-line)#line vty 0 4

Lab_A(config-line)#password todd
Lab_A(config-line)#login
Lab_A(config-line)#exit
Lab_A(config)#banner motd #
This is the Lab_A router
#
Lab_A(config)#^z
Lab_A#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]? [Enter]
Lab_A#
IP routing table Cisco router ip output

Lab_A#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP,
M - mobile, B BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSS external type
1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external
type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E EGP i - IS-IS,
L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate
default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR, P periodic downloaded static route, T - traffic
engineered route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial 0/0
Lab_A#
routing table network directly router
192.168.10.0 192.168.20.0
directly code type
connection ip route command their abbreviations
add our password,interface description banner router
configuration

 configuration :
Router>en
Router#config t
234 Chapter 5 _ IP Routing
Router(config)#hostname Lab_B
Lab_B(config)#enable secret todd
Lab_B(config)#interface fa0/0
Lab_B(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
Lab_B(config-if)#description Lab_B LAN Connection
Lab_B(config-if)#no shut
Lab_B(config-if)#interface serial 0/0
Lab_B(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0
Lab_B(config-if)#description WAN Connection to Lab_A
Lab_B(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Lab_B(config-if)#no shut
Lab_B(config-if)#interface serial 0/1
Lab_B(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
Lab_B(config-if)#description WAN Connection to Lab_C
Lab_B(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Lab_B(config-if)#no shut
Lab_B(config-if)#exit
Lab_B(config)#line console 0
Lab_B(config-line)#password todd
Lab_B(config-line)#login
Lab_B(config-line)#line aux 0
Lab_B(config-line)#password todd
Lab_B(config-line)#login
Lab_B(config-line)#line vty 0 4
Lab_B(config-line)#password todd
Lab_B(config-line)#login
Lab_B(config-line)#exit

Lab_B(config)#banner motd #
This is the Lab_B router
#
Lab_B(config)#^z
Lab_B#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]? [Enter]
Lab_B#
Command configuration serial 0/0 into 192.168.20.0,serial 0/1 into network
192.168.40.0 fast Ethernet 0/0 into network 192.168.30.0 command ip route
display
Lab_B#sh ip route
[output cut]
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
The IP Routing Process 235
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1
C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected FastEthernet 0/0
Lab_B#
Router Lab_B 192.168.20.0,192.168.30.0 172.16.40.0 router
Lab_A Lab_C now comuncate router connect WAN
Lab_C Configuration
Configuration Lab_C similan router 2
add passwors,interface descrition banner to the router
Out put ip route command display 192.168.50.0 192.168.40.0

Lab_C#sh ip route
[output cut]
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
Lab_C#

Router Lab_A Lab_B communicate WAN network Lab_B

Lab_C communicate Lab_A Lab_C
172.16.40.0 192.168.50.0
Configuring IP Routing in Our Network
Router pcket remote network packet
routing table remote network configuration router direct connec
network router receives packet network routing table
broadcast remote network router discard
routing
Static routing
Default routing
Dynamic routing
Static routing
Static routing
- over head router CPU router
dynamic routing
- bandwidth router
WAN link
- Security administrator routing network
Static routing
- adminstator internetwork router connect
configuration router
- network internetwork administrator
router
- feasible network full_time
static route routing table
ip route [destination_network] [mask] [next-hop_address or exitinterface]
[administrative_distance] [permanent]
ip route static route
destination_network network placing routing table
mask subnetmask network

next_hop_address address next hop router receives packet forward

remote network router interface directly connect network ping router interface
add route type next hop address interface router down static
route router configuration routing table
exitinterface place next hop address
point to point link WAN LAN Ethernet
administrative_distance default static route adminstrative distance 1 ( 0
exitinterface instance next hop address) default add
administrative weight end of command
permaneht interface shutdown router communicate next hop
router,route discard routing table
configuring static router static route

Router(config)#ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.4

ip route static route
172.16.3.0 remote network packet
255.255.255.0 mask remote network
192.168.2.4 next hop router packet
static route :
Router(config)#ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.4 150
150 end change default administrative distance (AD) 1 50
AD dynamicrouting AD trustwonthiress
route 0 255
Lab_A
Routing table automatically includes directly connect network route
internetwork routing table network
network
Lab_A connect 192.168.10.0 192.168.20.0 Lab_A route
network network configured routing
- 192.168.30.0
- 192.168.40.0
- 192.168.50.0

 output configuration static route Lab_A routing table

configuration Lab_A remote network routing table,mask
packet static route packet 192.168.20.2 next-hop
Lab_A
Lab_A(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.2
Lab_A(config)#ip route 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.2
Lab_A(config)#ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.2
configuration show running-config show ip
route Static route :
Lab_A#sh ip route
[output cut]
S 192.168.50.0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2
S 192.168.40.0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2
S 192.168.30.0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2
C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, Serial 0/0
C 192.168.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
Lab_A#
route routing table router communicate
next-hop address premarent parameter route routing table
next-hop
S routing table network static [1/10] administrative
distance metric remote network next-hop interface 0
directly
Lab_A router communicate remote network
Lab_B Lab_C route configured packet discard Lab_B
Lab_C
Lab_B
Lab_B router connect 192.168.20.0,192.168.30.0 192.168.40.0 static route
configured Lab_B

 192-168.10.0
192.168.50.0
configuration Lab_B router
Lab_B(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.1
Lab_B(config)#ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.40.2
routeing table Lab_B router network
Lab_B#sh ip route
[output cut]
S 192.168.50.0 [1/0] via 192.168.40.2
C 192.168.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet 0/0
C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
S 192.168.10.0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.1
Lab_B#
Lab_B complete routing table router
internetwork network routing Lab_B communicate remote network

Lab_C
Lab_C router direct connect 192.168.40.0 192.168.50.0 router 3
add
- 192.168.30.0
- 192.168.20.0
- 192.168.10.0
configuration Lab_C router
Lab_C(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.40.1
Lab_C(config)#ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
192.16.40.1
Lab_C(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0

192.168.40.1
output routing table Lab_C router
Lab_C#sh ip route
[output cut]
C 192.168.50.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
S 192.168.30.0 [1/0] via 192.168.40.1
S 192.168.20.0 [1/0] via 192.168.40.1
S 192.168.10.0 [1/0] via 192.168.40.1
Lab_C#
Lab_C network internetwork comunication router
network router connect routing table router host
comunication network router
internetwork update routing table router
small network
Verifying Your Configuration
show ip route ping program Lab_A
Lab_C internetwork end to end
Output 192.168.50.0 Lab_A router :
Lab_A#ping 192.168.50.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/66/68 ms
Lab_A#
router Lab_C ping 192.168.10.0 Good IP connectivity
router output
Lab_C#ping 192.168.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max

= 64/67/72 ms
Default routing
default routing packet remote destination network routing
table next-hop router default routing stub network
internetwork router considered sub
network Lab_A Lab_C default route Lab_B packet connect
network interface routing Lab_C connection
192.168.50.0 network packet Lab_C packet 192.168.40.1
serial 0/0 interface Lab_B router Lab_A packet 192.168.20.2
configured default route wildcard network address mask location
static route fact default router static route wildcard
instead network maskinfomation section default route Lab_C
router
Router Lab_C directly connect 192.168.40.0 192.168.50.0 routing table
192.168.10.0,192.168.20.0 192.168.30.0
configure router route 3 network static route 3 routing table
defaule route static route 1 instead first delete
static route router add default coute
Lab_C(config)#no ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.40.1
Lab_C(config)#no ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.40.1
Lab_C(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.40.1
Lab_C(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.1
routing table 2directly connected network s
Lab_C#sh ip route
[output cut]
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.40.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.50.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.40.1

Lab_C#
compleate default route :
Lab_C(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0
entry network routing table serial 0/0
IP address next-hop router exit interface
routing table gateway last resort default
route ip classless
Cisco router classful router subnet mask interface
router router receives packet destination subnet router table drop
packet default routing ip classless remote subnet
routing table
version12.x IOS router ip classless default
default configuration add subneted network
router
Lab_C(config)#ip classless
global configuration ip classless
default routing ip
classless command defaulting
configured gateway last resort ip default network
command Fig 5.4 network gateway last resort statement configured
3 add gateway of last resort gateway router ISP
Gateway(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 217.124.6.1
Gateway(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0
Gateway(config)#ip default-network 217.124.6.0

 mis configured default route output ip route

command compare network Fig 5.8
Lab_C#sh ip route
[output cut]
Gateway of last resort is 172.19.22.2 to network 0.0.0.0
C 172.17.22.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.18.22.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.19.22.2
directly connected route routing table WAN
172.18.22.0 default route forwarding packet 172.19.22.0
misconfigured static default route
Dynamic routing routing table output
router receives packet 10.1.6.10 distance host 10.1.8.5
Corp#sh ip route

[output cut]
Gateway of last resort is 10.1.5.5 to network 0.0.0.0
R 10.1.3.0 [120/1] via 101.2.2, 00:00:00, Serial 0/0
C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
C 10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1
C 10.1.6.0 is directly connected, Fastethernet0/0
R* 0.0.0.0/0 [120/0] via 10.1.5.5, 00:00:00 Serial 0/1
show up default route R RIP
injucted route ip default-network command remote router
configuring RIP RIP route internetwork default route
destination address 10.1.8.5 route 10.1.8.0 router default route
packet serial 0/1
Dynamic Routing
Dynamic routing protocol network update routing
static default routing router CPU process bandtidth
network routing protocol rules router
communicate routing information neighbor router
Routing protocol 2 routing information protocol (RIP)
interrior gateway routing protocol (IGRP)
internetwork interion gateway protocol (IGPS) exterlor
gateway protocol (EGPs)
IGPs routing information router atoromus system (AS) AS
collection network common administrative domain router
routing table information AS
EGPs Ases
Routing protocol Basic
routing protocol RIP
administrarive distance tree different kind routing protocol
routin loop
Administrative Distance

 rate trustworthiress routing information received router

neighbor router administrative distance 0 255 0 most trusted
255 route
router recieives two update router check AD advertised
route lower AD router lowest AD place routing table
advertise route network AD routing protocol metric hop count
bndwidth line best remote network advertised route lowest metric
place routing table advertised route AD metric routing protocol load-balance
remote network packet down
Table 5.2 default administrative distance Cisco router route
remote network

network directly router interface connect network

administrator configured static route router route learn route
administrative distance static default 1
static route,RIP,advertised route IGRP advertised route default
router static route AD staric route
Routing Protocol
Routing protocol 3 class :
Distance vector : Distance-vector protocol best path remote network
judging distance packet router hop route least number hop

network best route RIP IGRP distance-vector routeing

protocol entire routing table directly connect neighbors
Link static link-state protocol short-path-first protocol router
table 3 table track directly atteched neighbors
topoloogy entire internetwork routing table Link-state router
internetwork distance-vector routing protocol
OSPF : IP routing protocol completely link state Link state protocol update
containing state link router
Hybrid : Hybrid protocol distance link state
configuring protocol case-by-case basic
different routing protocol
Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Algorithm distance vector routing protocol touting table
neighboring router received routing table routing table routing by numor
router receiving update neighbor router remote network

network multiple link network case

administrative distance check AD protocol metric
best path remote network
RIP hop count best path network RIP
link remote network hop count round-domain load balance RIP
load balanceing up six equal_cost link (four by default)
type routing metric arises two link remote
network different banwidth hop count Fig 5.9 two link
remote network 172.16.10.0
172.16.30.0 Tlink banwidth 1.544 Mbps network 172.16.20.0 sok
link route T 1 link hop count hetiric RIP routing
two link equal cost pinhole congestion

 5.9

(distancevector routing protocol) 5.10 router

() routing distancevector routing protocol router routing
router
5.10 (router)
routing (distance-vector routing
protocol) router routing
router
5.10 router 1
router interface routing
router (Exit interface)
hop count
5.11 routing
internetwork router

RIP
hop count distance metric

 5.10

5.11 routing
routing (Routing Loops)

track routing
routing CPU
network outage
routing

 routing router
interface 5 ( 5.12) router
5 router E router A
5 interface router B

5 router E router C router C

5 router E router A , B D 5
router C
B 5 A D
5 B
router A 30 Hello
5 router B
D 5 router A B A

(Maximum Hop Count)
routing (counting
to infinity)
internetwork hop count
router
hop count (Maximum Hop
Count) RIP hop count 15 hop count 16
15 5
routing

check 16

 (Split Horizon)
routing split horizon

interface
router A B
B
(Route Poisoning)

route poisoning 5 router E 5

16 ( )
5 router C
5 router C router E
poison reverse router E

Hold downs
Hold downs
flapping

interface
hold downs

route router

routing interface
router
hold downs
router hold downs

 router

hold downs

Hold downs route

router
router
router internetwork
3 hold downs

1. Hold downs
2.
3.
routing
RIP : Routing Information Protocol
RIP
routing interface 30 RIP hop count
hop count
15 16 RIP
(WAN)
router
RIP 1 classful routing
RIP 1
RIP 2 prefix routing
(subnet mask) classless routing)
RIP RIP
RIP
RIP 3
Router update timer

 (180 ) router

router router
Hold downs timer
hold down

hold downs timer
180
Route flush timer
routing
(240 ) router
flush timer router
router routing
RIP Routing
Router RIP RIP
internetwork 3 router ( 5.13) RIP routing

Lab_A
RIP administrative distance 120 administrative distance 1
(default) route routing
RIP router
IP route
Lab_A (config) #no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.2
Lab_A (config) #no ip route 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.2
Lab_A (config) #no ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.2

 5.13 IP RIP routing

Lab_A IP route key
word
route RIP routing protocol
router RIP networking network
routing
router
Lab_A(config)# router rip
Lab_A(config-router) #network 192.168.10.0
Lab_A(config-router) #network 192.168.20.0
Lab_A(config-router) #^Z

RIP
RIP
30, 40 50 routing
2-3
route ?
router CPU
RIP IGRP classful address (address)
( class routing)
class B 172.16.0/24 172.16.10.0
172.16.20.0 172.16.30.0 classful network 172.16.0.0 RIP
routing

Lab_B
RIP router Lab_B 2 route
routing
120 RIP router Lab_B
RIP
3
route RIP routing
CPU

RIP Lab_B
Lab_B#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Lab_B(config)#no ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.20.1
Lab_B(config)#no ip route 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.40.1
Lab_B(config)#router rip
Lab_B(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
Lab_B(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0
Lab_B(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0
Lab_B(config-router)#^Z
Lab_B#
Lab_C
route Lab_C routed (default
route) router Lab_C default route RIP
routing 2

Lab_C#config t
Enter configuration commands , one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Lab_C(config)#no ip router 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 192.168.40.1
Lab_C(config)#router rip
Lab_C(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0
Lab_C(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0
Lab_C(config-router)#^Z
Lab_C#

administrative distance 0 route administrative distance 1 RIP administrative

distance 120 RIP gossip protocol
RIP internetwork
RIP routing
routing router RIP
router
routing Lab_A
Lab_A#sh ip route
[output cut]
R
192.168.50.0
R
192.168.40.0
R
192.168.30.0
C
192.168.20.0
C
192.168.10.0
Lab_A#

[120/1] via 192.168.20.2 , 00:00:23 , Serial10/0

[120/1] via 192.168.20.2 , 00:00:23 , Serial10/0
[120/1] via 192.168.20.2 , 00:00:23 , Serial10/0
is directly connected , Serial0/0
is directly connected , FastEthernet0/0

routing router
R RIP routing [120/1]
administrative distance route 120 hop count 1
routing Lab_B

Lab_B#sh ip route
[output cut]
R
192.168.50.0
C
192.168.40.0
C
192.168.30.0
C
192.168.20.0
R
192.168.10.0
Lab_B#

[120/1] via 172.16.40.2 , 00:00:11 , Serail0/1

is directly connected , Serail0/1
is directly connected , FastEthernet0/0
is directly connected , Serail0/0
[120/1] via 172.16.20.1 , 00:00:21 , Serail0/0

routing
routing Lab_C
Lab_C#sh ip route
[output cut]
gateway of last resort is not set
C
192.168.50.0 is directly connected , FastEthernet0/0
C
192.168.40.0 is directly connected , Serial0/0
R
192.168.30.0 [120/1] via 192.168.40.1 , 00:00:04 , Serial0/0
R
192.168.20.0 [120/1] via 192.168.40.1 , 00:00:26 , Serial0/0
R
192.168.10.0 [120/2] via 192.168.40.1 , 00:00:04 , Serial0/0
Lab_C#
RIP internetwork
hop count 15 (16 )
routing 30 2
internetwork
routing RIP
routing
[120/5] 192.168.10.0 administrative distance
120 (default) RIP hop count 15 router
router hop count 1 route

Lab_C#sh ip route
[output cut]
gateway of last resort is not set
C
192.168.50.0 is directly connected , FastEthernet0/0
C
192.168.40.0 is directly connected , Serial0/0
R
192.168.30.0 [120/1] via 192.168.40.1 , 00:00:04 , Serial0/0
R
192.168.20.0 [120/1] via 192.168.40.1 , 00:00:26 , Serial0/0
R
192.168.10.0 [120/15] via 192.168.40.1 , 00:00:04 , Serial0/0
Lab_C#
[120/15] router Lab_C
route 192.168.10.0 hop count 16
router Lab_C

router
routing
Holding Down RIP (Holding down )
RIP LAN
WAN RIP Internet
RIP
LAN WAN passive-interface
interface interface
RIP
passive-interface router
Lab_A#config t
Lab_A(config)#router rip
Lab_A(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
Lab_A(config-router)#passive-interface serial0/0

 RIP interface 0 interface

0 RIP

RIP internetwork ?
Cisco router
Unix router router
routing RIP RIP

RIP router
internetwork
redistribution
routing RIP
router IGRP

RIP router internetwork

RIP 2 (RIPv2)
RIPv2 Cisco-proprietary
IGRP
RIP 2 RIP 1 RIPv1 RIPv2
router RIP routing interface
RIP 2
Holdown Timer Split horiszon RIPv1 RIPv2
class (classful addressing) RIPv2 class
route administrative distance (120)
RIPv2 RIPv1
RIP RIP
RIP RIP router OSPF (
6) OSPF RIP

RIPv1
-
- hop count 15
- class
- VLSM
-

RIPv2
-
- hop count 15
- class
- VLSM
-

RIPv2 RIPv1 class routing (

class class RIPv1)

RIPv2 VLSMs (Varible Length Subnet Masks)
RIPv2
6
RIPv2
Lab_C(config)#router rip
Lab_C(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0
Lab_C(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0
Lab_C(config-router)#version 2
version 2 config-router # prompt
RIPv2

RIPv2 class VLSM

RIPv2 Cisco
CCNA

4
Class C address VLSMed

 OSPF Cisco
RIPv2 RIPv2 class
VLSM
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
IGRP IGRP
router Cisco Cisco routing
RIP
IGRP hop count 255 default 100
15 hop RIP
IGRP RIP
route internetwork composite
metric MTU ()
default
IGRP IGRP
router
routing
5.4 IGRP RIP
IGRP
- Internetwork
-
- route 90
- administrative distance (administrative distance) 100
-
( lowest composit metric hop count 225)

RIP
-
-
- route 30
- administrative distance (administrative distance) 120
- hop count
hop count 15

IGRP IGRP

IGRP Timers
IGRP (default)

routing
default 90
(Invalid Timers) router
route
default 3
(Holddown timers)
default 3 10
(Flush Timers)

routing (default) 7 route
90 default 7 X 90 = 630
route routing
IGRP routing
IGRP RIP
(AS) route AS
routing AS
IGRP
Lab_A#config t
Lab_A(config)#router igrp 10
Lab_A(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
RIP IGRP
AS router

 class
IGRP
IGRP Load_balance 6 RIP hop
count load_balance IGRP
Load_balance
load-balance

Load-balance
Sybexs CCNP
Building scalable Cisco Internetwork Study Guide Carl Timm
Wade Edwards (Sybex, 2004)
IGRP RIP
AS router router
internetwork AS
routing
internetwork AS 10 router
IGRP : Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Lab_A
AS router 1
65,535 router AS
Lab_A #config t
Enter configuration commands , one per line. End with CNTL/Z
Lab_A (config)#router igrp?
< 1-65535 > Autonomous system number
Lab_A (config)#router igrp 10
Lab_A (config-router)#netw 192.168.10.0
Lab_A (config-router)#netw 192.168.20.0
Lab_B (config-router)#^Z

Lab_A#
router igrp IGRP RIP
IGRP classful
routing

172.16.0.0/24
172.16.10.0 router classful 172.16.0.0
(subnet)
classful
Lab_B
router Lab_B AS 10
IGRP
Lab_B config t
Enter configuration commands , one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Lab_B(config)#router igrp 10
Lab_B(config-router)#netw 192.126.20.0
Lab_B(config-router)#netw 192.168.30.0
Lab_B(config-router)#netw 192.168.40.0
Lab_B(config-router)#^Z
Lab_B#
Lab_C#
routing Lab_C AS 10 IGRP
routing IGRP
router
ip route
router route IGRP route
RIP router CPU

routing RIP
administrative distance IGRP RIP

 router router Lab_A route routing

table
Lab_A#sh ip route
[output cut]
I
192.168.50.0 [100/170420] via 192.168.20.2 , Serial 10/0
I
192.168.40.0 [100/160260] via 192.168.20.2 , Serial 10/0
I
192.16830.0 [100/158360] via 192.168.20.2 , Serial 10/0
C
192.168.20.0 is directly connected Serial 10/0
C
192.168.20.0 is directly connected , FastEthernet0/0
I IGRP-injected routes 100 [100/16360]
administrative distance IGRP 160,360 composite metric composite metric

composite metric bandwidth delay

default cumunative interface dealay
routing Lab_B
Lab_B#sh ip route
[output cut]
I
192.168.50.0 [100/8576] via 192.168.40.2 ,00:01:11 , Serial 10/1
C
192.168.40.0 directly connected , Serial 10/1
C
192.16830.0 directly connected , FastEthernet0/0
C
192.168.20.0 connected , Serial0/1
I
192.168.20.0 [100/158350] via 192.168.20.1 , 00:00:36 , Serial0/0
Lab_C#
routing Lab_C
RIP IGRP
RIP internetwork
IGRP
RIPv1 RIPv2 IGRP
CCNA

 routing


RIP IGRP internetwork
Cisco-router IGRP
option IGRP RIP EIGRP
IGRP (Troubleshooting IGRP)
2 router IGRP
routing ? 2
Lab_B#config t
Lab_B(config) igrp 10
Lab_B(config-router)#netw 192.168.20.0
Lab_B(config-router)#netw 192.168.30.0
Lab_C(config)#router igrp 20
Lab_C(config-router)#netw 192.168.40.0
Lab_C(config-router)#netw 192.168.50.0
router Lab_B
router Lab_C 20
RIP IGRP
RIP (1 2) IGRP
CPU processing
router 1

5.14 internetwork RIP IGRP

 5.14 RIP IGRP

5.14 5 router router RIP IGRP
router A router E
?
RIP (1 2) 2 hop
load_balance router B , C D
RIP router C router D
56 RIP
IGRP default
IGRP router D
router E
IFRP default
IGRP router D
router E
IGRP load_balance
IGRP ( EIGRP) load-balance
load-balance default IGRP

administrative distance RIP IGRP router RIP

( CPU
IGRP EIGRP load_balance
default load_balance
RIP load-balance 4
default ( load-balance 6

Cisco router

- ip route
-
- ip
- debug ip igrp events
- debug transaction ip igrp

interface
ip address FastEthernet0/0 0/0
0/1 [o interface router Lab_B
Lab_B#sh protocol
Global values:
Internet Protocol routing is enabled
FastEthernet0 is up , line protocol is up
Internet address is 192.1668.30.1/24
Serial0/0 is up , line protocol is up
Internet address is 192.1668.20.2/24

Serial0/1 is up , line protocol is up

Internet address is 192.1668.40.1/24
Lab_B#
IPX apple talk router ,
ip
router
RIP IGRP router IGRP
routing administrative distance
Lab_B#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is Rip
Sending updates every 30 seconds , next due in 6 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds , hold down 180 , flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
Redistributing : rip
Default version control : send version 1 , receive any version
Interface
send
Recv
key-chain
FastEthernet0
1
12
Serial0/0
1
12
Serial0/1
1
12
Routing for network :
192.168.10.0
192.168.20.0
192.168.30.0
Routing Information Sources :
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
192.168.40.2
120
00:00:21
192.168.20.1
120
00:00:23
Distance : (default is 120)

 IGRP ( default update)

90 administrative distance 100
Routing Protocol is IGRP 10
Sending updates every 90 seconds , next due in 42 seconds
Invalid after 270 seconds , hold down 280 , flushed after 630
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default network accepted from incoming updates
IGRP metric weight K1 =1 , K2 =0 , K3 = 1 , K4 = 0 , K5 = 0
IGRP maximum hopcount 100
IGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing : eigrp 10 , igrp 10
Rounting for Networks:
192.168.10.0
192.168.20.0
192.168.30.0
Routing Information Source:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
192.168.40.2
100
00:00:47
192.168.20.1
100
00:01:18
Distance : (default is 100)
AS ip protocols , routing ,
, router AD (100)
270 (3
) route route
Holddown Timer 280 3
route
Holddown Timer flush time route
routing

 ip protocol routing

router#sh ip protocols
Routing Protocol is rip
Sending updates every 30 seconds , next due 6 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds , hold down 180 , flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is
Redistributing : rip
Default version control : send version 1 , receive any version
Interface
send
Recv
key-chain
FastEthernet0
1
12
Serial0/0
1
12
Serial0/1
1
12
Routing for networks :
10.0.0.0
Routing Information Sources :
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
10.168.11.14
120
00:00:21
Distance : (default is 120)
ip interface router
Router#sh ip interface brief
Interface
IP-Address
OK? Method Status
FastEthernet0/0
192.168.18.1 YES manual up
Serial0/0
10.168.11.17 YES manual up
FastEthernet0/0
unassigned
YES NRAM Administratively down
Serial0/1
192.168.11.21 YES manual up

 IP
RIP 30 default
RIP router 2
192.168.40.2 192.168.20.1 AD RIP(120)
ip protocol RIP routing
10.0.0.0
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
0kd:ugiup] 0/0 0/1 RIP router
10.168.11.14
interface ip 0/0
192.168.0.0 interface
debug ip rip
debug ip rip routing router
console session telnet router terminal monitor
debug
RIP interface 0/1 (
hop count)
Lab_B#debug ip rip
RIP protocal debugging is on
Lab_B#
07:12:56:RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.40.2 on
Serial0/1
07:12:56:
192.168.50.0 in 1 hops
07:12:56: RIP: received v1 update from 192.168.20.1 on
Serail0/0
07:12:56:
192.168.10.0 in 1 hops
debug route Lab_B
interface 0/0 0/1 router Lab_A Lab_C

 router Lab_A C route

Lab_B 192.168.50.0 Lab_C
192.168.10.0 Lab_B Lab_A

192.168.30.0 192.168.40.0 192.168.50.0 Lab_A

07:12:58: RIP : sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via
FastEthernet0/0 (192.168.30.1)
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.50.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.40.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.20.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.10.0 , metric 1
07:12:58: RIP : sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via
Serial0/0 (172.16.20.2)
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.50.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.40.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.30.0 , metric 1
07:12:58: RIP : sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via
Serial0/1 (177.16.40.1)
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.30.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.20.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
subnet 192.168.10.0 , metric 1
router Lab_B 192.168.10.0 router
Lab_A 192.168.50.5 Lab_C
route 16 route route
(unreachable) debug undebug all no
debug all undebug all
07:12:58: RIP : sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via
FastEthernet0/0 (172.16.1.1)

07:12:58:
network 10.0.0.0 , metric 1
07:12:58:
network 192.168.1.0 , metric 2
07:12:58: RIP : sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via
Serial0/0 (10.0.8.1)
07:12:58:
network 172.16.0.0 , metric 1
07:12:58: RIP: received v1 update from 10.0.15.2 n Serial0/0
07:12:58:
192.168.1.0 in one hop
07:12:58:
192.168.168.0 in 16 hops (inaccessible)
10.0.0.0
192.168.1.0 172.16.0.0 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0
hop count () 192.168.1.0
2
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
2 router RIP
2 interface RIP 1 interface
192.168.168.0 hop 16 hop count RIP
15 16
ping host 192.168.168.0
ping 10.0.0.0

1 debug ip route
show ip router
07:12:56: RIP: received v1 update from 172.16.100.2 on Serial0/0
07:12:56:
172.16.20.0 in 1 hops
07:12:58:
172.16.20.0 in 1 hops

Lab_C#sh ip route
[output cut]
Gateway of last resort is not set

C
C
R
R
R
S
R
R

172.16.0.0/24
172.16.150.0
172.16.220.0
172.16.210.0
172.16.200.0
172.16.30.0
172.16.20.0
172.16.10.0
172.16.100.0

is subnetted , 8 subnets
is directly connected , FastEthernet0/0
is directly connected , Loopback2
is directly connected , Loopback1
is directly connected , Loopback0
[120/2] via 172.16.100.2 00:00:04 , Serial0/0
[120/2] via 172.16.150.15
[120/2] via 172.16.100.2 , 00:00:04 , Serial0/0
[120/2] is directly connected connected , Serial0/0

172.16.20.0 debug 172.16.20.0 hop

0/0 show ip router
172.16.20.0 172.16.150.15
route 172.16.150.0
FastEthernet0/0 172.16.20.0 0/0
debug ip igrp
debug ip igrp 2 option event transaction
Lab_B#debug ip igrp?
events
IGRP protocol events
transactions IGRP protocol transactions

 debug ip igrp events

debug ip igrp events IGRP
roter
router update
Lab_#debug ip igrp events
IGRP event debugging is on
07:13:50: IGRP : received request from 192.168.40.2 on
Serial0/1
07:13:50: IGRP : sending update to 192.168.40.2 via Serial1
(192.168.40.1)
07:13:51: IGRP : update contains 3 interior , 0 system , and
0 exterior routes.
07:13:51: IGRP : Total routes in update : 3
07:13:51: IGRP : received update from 192.168.40.2 on
Serial0/1
07:13:51: IGRP : update contain 3 interior , 0 system , and
0 exterior routes.
07:13:51: IGRP : Total route in update : 1
route
undebug ip igrp events undebug all ( un all)

Lab_B#un all
debug
debug ip igrp transaction
debug ip igrp transaction router
router router
router interface IP
address 192.168.40.2 0/1 router Lab_B

Lab_B#debug ip igrp transactions

IGRP protocol debugging is on
07:14.05: IGRP : received request from 192.168.40.2 on
Serial1
07:14.05: IGRP : sending update to 192.168.40.2 via Serial
(172.16.40.1)
07:14.05:
subnet 192.168.30.0 , metric=1100
07:14.05:
subnet 192.168.20.0 , metric=158250
07:14.05:
subnet 192.168.10.0 , metric=158350
07:14.06: IGRP received update from 192.168.40.20 on
Serail1
07:14.06:
subnet 192.168.50.0 , metric 8576 (neighbor 1100)
undebug all
Lab_B#un all
debug

IP routing
Cisco router
IP routing

IP routing router host

routing router AD IP
router
default routing gateway router
routing dynamic routing
loop RIP IGRP

 dynamic routing routing

routing show ip route , show ip protocol
debugging RIP IGRP

IP routing process
hop

RIP routing IP routing

global configuration mode router rip
classful address
RIP routing show ip route
routing R RIP route debug ip rip
RIP router route
16
IGRP routing IGRP rounting
RIP 1
AS
IGRP routing show ip route
routing I route IGRP
[100/123456] administrative distance (AD) IGRP 100 composite
metric delay line (default)