UNSA ANG NEWBORN SCREENING?

Ang Newborn Screening kay usa ka simpleng pamaagi sa pagsusi kon aduna bay piligrong sakit ... o problema na mahimong hinungdan sa posibleng pagkahinay sa pangutok o sayong kamatayon sa imuhang anak. Ang katuyuan sa Newborn Screening kay ang paghatag sa tanang bag-ong gipanganak sa tsansa nga mabuhing normal. Mohatag kini ug higayon nga matambalan dayon ang mga sakit sa wa pa kini magpakita ug sintumas. Kalakip sa Philippine Newborn Screening Program kay ang mga sakit na:Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Glucose6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency, Galactosemia (Gal) and Phenylketonuria (PKU). IMPORTANSYA SA NEWBORNSCREENING: - Tanang bag-ong gipanganak na adunay sakit sa metabolismo kay normal tan-awon - Dili nimo mahibaw-an kung adunay sakit ang bata hangtud di magpakita ang mga sintumas - Kasagaran epekto sa niining mga sakita kay di na matambalan - Kinahanglan na matambalan dayun ang sakit bag-o pa kini mo-grabe Newborn screening shall be performed after twenty-four (24) hours of life but not later than three (3) days from complete delivery of the newborn. A newborn that must be placed in intensive care in order to ensure survival may be exempted from the 3-day requirement but must be tested by seven (7) days of age. It shall be the joint responsibility of the parent(s) and the practitioner or other person delivering the newborn to ensure that newborn screening is performed. An appropriate informational brochure for parents to assist in fulfilling this responsibility shall be made available by the Department of Health and shall be distributed to all health institutions and made available to any health practitioner requesting it for appropriate distribution. Sample collection Heel blood on a filter paper card for the newborn screening Newborn screening tests are most commonly done from whole blood samples collected on specially designed filter paper. The filter paper is often attached to a form containing required information about the infant and parents. This includes date and time of birth, date and time of sample collection, the infant's weight and gestational age. The form will also have information about whether the baby has had a blood transfusion and any additional nutrition the baby may have received (total parenteral nutrition). Most newborn screening cards also include contact information for the infant's physician in cases where follow up screening or treatment is needed. Ideally, newborn screening samples are collected from the infant between 24 hours and 7 days after birth. Samples can be collected at the hospital, or by midwives. If a sample is collected from an infant who is less than 24 hours old, the laboratory will often request a repeat specimen be taken after 24 hours. Samples are mailed daily to the laboratory responsible for testing. Most jurisdictions require samples to be collected for screening from all newborns, unless the parent or guardian opts out of the process in writing. [edit] Reporting results The goal is to report the results within a short period of time. If screens are normal, a paper report is sent to the submitting hospital and parents rarely hear about it. If an abnormality occurs, employees of the agency, usually nurses, begin to try to reach the physician, hospital, and/or nursery by telephone. They are persistent until they can arrange an evaluation of the infant by an appropriate specialist physician (depending on the disease). The specialist will attempt to confirm the diagnosis by repeating the tests by a different method or laboratory, or by performing other corroboratory or disproving tests. The confirmatory test varies

depending on the initial screen, and can include enzyme assays, DNA testing, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)is a screening step towards detection of the disorder. Depending on the likelihood of the diagnosis and the risk of delay, the specialist will initiate treatment and provide information to the family. Performance of the program is reviewed regularly and strenuous efforts are made to maintain a system that catches every infant with these diagnoses. Guidelines for newborn screening and follow up have been published by the American Academy of Pediatrics.[8] [edit] Targeted disorders The following list includes most of the disorders detected by the expanded or supplemental newborn screening by mass spectrometry. This expanded screening is not yet universally mandated by most states, but may be privately purchased by parents or hospitals at a cost of approximately US$80. The same can also be purchased from other countries like Germany, Austria, Spain, Japan and India where more than 100 disorders are being tested based on a urine sample of the newborn. Perhaps one in 5,000 infants will be positive for one of the metabolic tests below (excluding the congenital infections). [edit] Core panel The following conditions and disorders were recommended as "core panel" by the 2005 report of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG).[9] The incidences reported below are from their report, pages 143-307, though the rates may vary in different populations. (WARNING: The file is a very large PDF.)