BENHA UNIVERSITY BANHA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

M578 HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEMS 5 YEAR PRODUCTION ENGINEERING DR. H. EL-BATSH | ENG. ABDALLA MOHAMED
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SHEET4: HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS

REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is meant by hydraulic actuators? 2. Classify the types of hydraulic actuators based on motion direction. 3. Discuss briefly the function, construction and operation of hydraulic cylinders. 4. What is meant by cushioning? When is it used? Explain how it is designed to perform its function. 5. Discuss the different methods of mounting of hydraulic cylinders. 6. Classify the types of hydraulic motor. 7. Discuss briefly the function of hydraulic motors giving the mathematical expressions describing the ideal and real motors. 8. Explain the construction and operation of gear motor. 9. Explain the buckling calculations in hydraulic cylinders. 10. Deal with the calculation of the cylinder stroke.

PROPLEMS 1. The same hydraulic circuit in the previous problem is used in a simple hydraulic press. The pressing operation has to exert a force of 15 tonnes with a stroke 1 m. The load is pivoted and guided with front flange mounting method of cylinder. Determine a suitable cylinder checking strength and rigidity, and the pump delivery if the required piston speed is 7 m/min. 2. A three stage displacement type telescopic cylinder is used to tilt the body of a lorry. When the lorry is fully laden the cylinder has to exert a force equivalent to 4000 kg at all points in the stroke. The outside diameters of the tubes forming the three stages are 60, 80, and 100 mm. If the pump powering the cylinder delivers 10 liters per minute, calculate the extend speed and pressure required for each stage of the cylinder when tilting a fully laden lorry.

3. A displacement type cylinder has a rod of 65 mm diameter and is powered by a hand pump with a displacement of 5 ml per double stroke. The maximum operating pressure of the system is to be limited to 350 bar. a. Draw a suitable circuit diagram showing the cylinder, pump and any additional valve. b. Calculate the number of double pumping strokes needed to extend the cylinder rod by 50 mm. c. Calculate the maximum load which could be raised using this system.

4. A hydraulic cylinder has a bore of 200 mm and a piston rod diameter of 140 mm. For an extend speed of 5 m/min, calculate: a. The supply flow rate (QE) b. The flow rate from the annulus side on exted (qE) c. The retract speed using QE, and d. The flow rate from the full bore end on retract (QR). e. If the maximum pressure applied to the cylinder is 100 bar, calculate the extend and retract thrust. 5. A mass of 2000 kg is to be accelerated horizontally up to a velocity of 1 m/s from rest over a distance of 50 mm. The coefficient of friction between the load and the guides is 0.15. Calculate the bore of the cylinder required to

accelerate this load if the maximum allowable pressure at the full bore is 100 bar. (Take seal friction to be equivalent to a pressure drop of 5 bar. Assume the back pressure at the annulus end of the cylinder is zero)

6. The given hydraulic system has the following parameters: Pump Is an axial piston pump of swash plate type Piston diameter 8 mm Pitch circle diameter 3 cm Swash plate inclination angle 20 Mechanical efficiency 0.9 Total efficiency 0.81 Number of pistons 7 Pump speed 3000 rpm Relief valve Is preset at a relief pressure of 10 MPa Hydraulic Is an ideal cylinder, loaded by a cylinder constant load of 160 kN and piston and piston rod diameters are 10 cm and 7 cm respectively. Check valve Is of zero cracking pressure. Throttle valve Is sharp edged of 6 mm2 cross sectional area. Hydraulic oil Is of 850 kg/m3 density.

a. Explain the function of the system. b. Calculate the piston speed and pump driving power at the different positions of the DCV, if the pressure in the pump delivery line doesn't reach the preset relief pressure. Neglect the losses in lines and DCV.

7. For the following system, calculate: a. The pump geometric volume. b. The pump exit pressure. c. The constant K of the relief valve.

8. In the given system, a hydraulic cylinder of 10 cm inner diameter is driving a constant load of 150 kN with a constant speed of 6 cm/s. The pump total efficiency is 0.8. Explain the function of the system and calculate: a. The pump exit pressure and pump flow. b. The pump driving power and torque if the pump input pressure is increased to 0.3 MPa by means of a booster pump, n = 3000 rpm. c. The maximum possible cylinder load and corresponding pump driving power if the maximum pressure preset at the relief valve is 30 MPa.

9. The hydraulic cylinder shown in the figure has a 3 in bore and is to operate at a pressure of 800 psi. With the clevis mount shown, the piston rod should be sized as a column with both ends rounded for any plane buckling. The rod is to be made of forged AISI 1030 steel without further heat treatment.

(a) Use a design factor n=3 and select a preferred size for the rod diameter if the column length is 60 in. (b) Repeat part (a) but for a column of 18 in (c) What factor of safety actually results for each of the cases above

10. A cylinder has to apply extend force of 80 kN and retract force of 10 kN. The retract speed should be 5 m/min using full pump flow. The maximum pump pressure is 150 bar and the pressure drops over the filter is 3 bar and over the directional valve (for each path) is 2 bar. Determine the cylinder size (assuming 2:1 ratio piston area to piston rod area). Determine also the pump size and circuit efficiency during extend and during retract. Note: The available cylinder diameters are: 50 mm, 63 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 125 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm, 200 mm

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