Adv. Studies Theor. Phys., Vol. 6, 2012, no.

5, 225 - 232

Stability Regions in Quadrupole Ion Trap

S. Seddighi Chaharborj

sarkhosh@math.upm.edu.my

Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch Department of Mathematics, Bushehr, Iran Yousof Gheisari

yousof.gheisari@yahoo.com

Islamic Azad University Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, Iran

Abstract In this article we used the fth order of the Runge-Kutta method to compute the twelve stability regions of the quadrupole ion trap using a periodic potential of the form V0 cost/(1 kcos2t) with 0 k < 1 for k = 0, k = 0.1, k = 0.2, k = 0.3, k = 0.4, k = 0.5, k = 0.6, k = 0.7, k = 0.8, k = 0.9. We compare the rst until ve stability regions computed in this article with the rst until ve stability regions of article reported by H. Noshad and A. Droudi in 2009.

Keywords: Twelve stability regions; Higher order Runge-Kutta method; Quadrupole ion trap; Paul trap; Ion trajectories

Introduction

Ion trap mass spectrometry has developed though several stages to their current stage of relatively high performance and increasing popularity [4]. Quadrupole ion trap invented by Paul and Steinwedel [6] has been widely applied to mass spectrometry [4], ion cooling and spectroscopy [2], frequency standards [7], quantum computing [3], and so on. To apply to various objectives, various geometries of ion trap for the mass spectrometer has been suggested [1, 10]. An ion trap is a combination of electric or magnetic elds that captures ions in a region of a vacuum system or tube. Ion traps have a number of scientic uses such as trapping ions while the ions quantum state is manipulated and mass spectrometery. When using ion traps for scientic studies of quantum

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state manipulation, the Paul trap is most often used. This work may lead to a trapped ion quantum computer and has already been used to create the worlds most accurate atomic clocks [8]. The purpose of this article is to accurately compute twelve stability regions for a quadrupole ion trap in the aq plane using the RungeKutta methods with higher order derivative approximations [9] for dierent k , s. We compare the rst until ve stability regions computed in this article with the rst until ve stability regions of article reported by H. Noshad and A. Droudi in 2009 [5].

Theory

Fig. (1) shows a schematic view of a quadrupole ion trap (QIT). The QIT is the ion trap with quadrupole geometry. The QIT is composed of a ring and two end cap electrodes facing each other in the zaxis. z0 is the distance from the center of the QIT to the end cap and r0 is the distance from the center of the QIT to the nearest ring surface. To obtain the equation of motion in the QIT, the electric potential applied to the end cap electrodes is as follows 0 = U V cos t/(1 kcos2t), (1)

where U and V are dc and ac potentials, respectively. is the angular fre2 2 quency in rad/s of the rf voltage. Considering that r0 = 2z0 is the square of ring electrode radius. The electric eld components into the trap become Ez = Er (U V cos t/(1 kcos2t)) z, 2 z0 (U V cos t/(1 kcos2t)) = r. 2 z0 (2) (3)

The equation of motion for a singly charged positive ion is given d2 z + (az 2qz cos 2 /(1 kcos4 ))z = 0, d 2 d2 r + (ar 2qr cos 2 /(1 kcos4 ))r = 0. d 2 (4) (5)

The a and q parameters for z and r components as well as the dimensionless 4eU parameter are dened as follows = t , az = 2ar = mz2 2 , qz = 2qr = 2
2eV , 2 mz0 2
0

where m is the ion mass and e is the electronic charge.

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U V cost/(1 kcos2t)

r0 z0

Figure 1: This gure show a schematic view of a quadrupole ion trap.

3
3.1

Results
Stability regions

Fig. (2) up to Fig. (6) present the stability regions of Paul trap the a-q plan for dierent k , s. We observe that the apex of the stability parameter a stayed constant, but the higher limit of q decrease substantially when k increase form 0 to 0.9.
(a)
(q = 0.7809059, a = 0.1499968) (q = 0, a = 0)

(b) a q

a q

(q = 1.3512179, a = 0.5439666)

(q = 1.239798, a = 0.6713393)
k = 0.9 k = 0.6 k = 0.4 k = 0.2 k = 0.5 k = 0.3 k=0 k = 0.1

k = 0.8 k = 0.7

Figure 2: The rst stability region for a Paul trap. (a): The rst stability region for k = 0, (b): The rst stability region, for k = 0, k = 0.1, k = 0.2, k = 0.3, k = 0.4, k = 0.5, k = 0.6, k = 0.7, k = 0.8, k = 0.9.

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(a)
(q = 3.84, a = 2.84)

a
(q = 3.52, a = 4.45)

(q = 3.9822, a = 2.7574)

(q = 3.71377, a = 2.4106)

q
(b)
k = 0.9 k = 0.7 k = 0.5 k = 0.3

k = 0.1

k = 0.8

k = 0.6

k = 0.4

k = 0.2

k=0

Figure 3: The second stability region for a Paul trap. (a): The second stability region for k = 0, (b): The second stability region, for k = 0, k = 0.1, k = 0.2, k = 0.3, k = 0.4, k = 0.5, k = 0.6, k = 0.7, k = 0.8, k = 0.9.

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(a)
(q = 8.08, a = 8.68)

(q = 8.11, a = 8.6798)

(q = 7.74, a = 8.1284) (q = 7.71, a = 8.13)

q
(b)
k = 0.9 k = 0.7 k = 0.5 k = 0.3 k = 0.1

k = 0.8

k = 0.6

k = 0.4

k = 0.2

k=0

Figure 4: The third stability region for a Paul trap. (a): The third stability region for k = 0, (b): The third stability region, for k = 0, k = 0.1, k = 0.2, k = 0.3, k = 0.4, k = 0.5, k = 0.6, k = 0.7, k = 0.8, k = 0.9.

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(a)

(q = 18.043, a = 2.814)

a
(q = 18.034, a = 2.806) (q = 18.0712, a = 2.789)

(q = 18.06, a = 2.7812)

q
(b)

k = 0.9

k = 0.7

k = 0.5

k = 0.3

k = 0.1

k = 0.8

k = 0.6

k = 0.4

k = 0.2

k=0

Figure 5: The fourth stability region for a Paul trap. (a): The fourth stability region for k = 0, (b): The forth stability region, for k = 0, k = 0.1, k = 0.2, k = 0.3, k = 0.4, k = 0.5, k = 0.6, k = 0.7, k = 0.8, k = 0.9.

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(a)
(q = 13.58, a = 17.26) (q = 13.57, a = 17.265)

(q = 13.13, a = 16.52) (q = 13.12, a = 16.53)

q (b)
k = 0.9 k = 0.7 k = 0.5 k = 0.3 k = 0.1

k = 0.8

k = 0.6

k = 0.4

k = 0.2

k=0

Figure 6: The fth stability region for a Paul trap. (a): The fth stability region for k = 0, (b): The fth stability region, for k = 0, k = 0.1, k = 0.2, k = 0.3, k = 0.4, k = 0.5, k = 0.6, k = 0.7, k = 0.8, k = 0.9.

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Discussion and conclusion

The results of the numerical integration of the Mathieu equation with the help of the fth-order Runge-Kutta method using 0.001 steps increment showed that, the apex of the stability parameters az stayed the same but the higher limit of q decrease substantially when k increase form 0 to 0.9. It has been demonstrated that, higher connement voltages are needed for QIT when the modulated index parameter k = 0.9 is applied.

References
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