APUSH UNIT 3 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 70 multiple-choice questions Colonial History: y Deism: Relied on reason rather than revelation,

on science rather than the Bible. Rejected the concept of original sin and denied Christ s divinity, and believed in a Supreme Being who had created a knowable universe and endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior. Helped inspire an important spin-off fromt eh severe Puritanism of the past--- the Unitarian faith. y New England Life: Soil shaped their character, extremes of weather molded New England, tobacco did not flourish, black slavery could not exist on small farms, condemned Indians for wasting the land , became experts in shipbuilding and commerce, found the gold mines of New England, thought of themselves as God s chosen people. y French & Indian War: England/Prussia against France, Spain, Austria, Russia. It was a world war, created the Albany Congress which purpose was to keep the Iroquois loyal to Britain (not France). England s General Braddock and George Washington showed that England was not unfallible, and that England can t always stop them. William Pitt united colonists against French (Louisbourg and Quebec). Had many commonalities amongst colonial soldiers. y Anne Hutchinson: Claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man (antinomianism). She had come by her beliefs through a direct revelation from God, higher heresy. y Bacon s Rebellion: Frontiersmen fiercely resented Berkeley s friendly policies toward the Indians, whose fur trade the governor monopolized. Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of Indian attacks on frontier settlements and Bacon and his followers attacked the Indians. y Harvard College: Trained local boys for the ministry. y Virginia Economy/Government: y Maryland s Toleration: Guaranteed toleration to all Christians, and decreed the death penalty for those like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus. y Anglican and Congressional Churches: Tax-supported churches. AnglicanAnglicans, served in America as a major prop of kingly authority. Congregational- Established in New England colonies. y Great Awakening: Religious revival. Jonathan Edwards proclaimed the righteousness of believing in salvation through good works and affirmed the need for complete dependence on God s grace. George Whitefield used a different style of evangelical preaching on America. y Conflict between Britain and France: y Draw of the West: Revolutionary Period:

Why France aided the colonists: Stamp Act: To raise $ to support military tax on about 50 items, requiring a stamp as proof of tax payment (direct) HUGE PROTESTS. y Thomas Paine s Common Sense: y Declaration of Independence: y Loyalists and Patriots: Loyalists were loyal to the king, and were called Tories . Loyalty is regarded as a major virtue. Most numerous around the Anglican church, less numerous in New England. Patriots were Whigs and were American rebels, most numerous in New England. y Battle of Saratoga: Immensely revived the colonial cause. It made possible the urgently needed foreign aid from France, which ensured American independence. The New Nation: y George Washington s Farewell Address: Warned about permanent alliances. y Marbury vs. Madison: Quesetion of who had the final authority to determine the meaning of the Constitution. Judicial review the Supreme Court alone had the last word on the question of constitutionality. y Monroe Doctrine: Both of the American continents were off-limits to further European intervention. y Thomas Jefferson: y Articles of Confederation: Translated into French after the Battle of Saratoga to convince France that America had a genuine gov t. in the making. Stepping stone toward the present Constitution, kept alive the ideal of union and held the states together. y Alexander Hamilton/Federalist Party: Favored wealthy, strong central gov t., loose interpretation, manufactures and shipping, protective tariff/excise tax, national bank, more gov t employees, assumption of state debts by the central gov t., British in foreign affairs, limited freedom of speech/press, and seaboard cities. y Shay s Rebellion: Impoverished backcountry farmers were losing their farms through mortgage foreclosures and tax delinquencies. Debtors demanded cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and a suspension of property takeovers. y 1787 Philadelphia Convention: To bolster the entire fabric of the Articles of Confederation, for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles. demigods . y Bill of Rights: Guarantees of individual rights. States had ratified the federal constitution with the understand that it would soon be amended to include such guarantees. Safeguard some of the most precious of American principles. y Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Individual states were the judges as to whether the national gov t. overstepped the authority originally granted in the contract . Concluding that the federal regime had exceeded its constitutional powers with regard to the Alien and Sedition Acts nullification- a refusal to accept them. Nineteenth Century: y y

y y

Irish Immigrants: 7% of population. Protestants persecuted by Catholics. Independent. Didn t like England/or follow rules. New York s burned-over-district : Revivals furthered the fragmentation of religious faiths. Western New York, where many descendants of New England Puritans had settled, was so blistered by sermonizers preaching hellfire and damnation that it came to be known as the Burned-Over District New England s industry:

Henry Clay s American System: Began with a strong banking system, to provide easy and abundant credit. Alos advocated a protective tariff, for eastern manufacturing to flourish. Revenues from the tariff would provide funds for a network of roads and canals. Foodstuffs and raw materials from the South and West to the North and East. In exchange, manufactured goods would flow in the return direction. Leading up to the Civil War: y Missouri Compromise: 12 states each. Missouri allowed to retain slaves, future bondage was prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of 3630 . y New FSL: Bloodhound Bill , stirred opposition in the North. Slaves couldn t testify in their own behalf and they were denied a jury trial. y Economy of the South: No more cotton kingdom : ( y Republican Party s view on slavery (1950 s): y Northern fear of a slave conspiracy:

Kansas-Nebraska Act: Status of slavery would be settled by popular sovereignty y Tariff of Abominations: Increased the general tariff to 37%, Southern anxieties about federal interference with slavery. y Underground Railroad: Consisted of an informal chain of stations through which slaves and abolitionists from slave states to Canada. Harriet Tubman. Civil War: y Seceded States: y Border States: y Abraham Lincoln: y Britain & France: y Emancipation Proclamation: Formal document that declared freedom for slaves in states still in rebellion against the US. It freed no one, but it strengthened the union moral. y

Copperheads: Extreme group; against the draft, against emancipation, against Lincoln in general (Clement L. Vallandigham) y Trent Affair: A union warship, near Cuba, stopped the British steamer, The Trent, and forced them to release the confederate diplomats who were on board. England was furious and Lincoln released the diplomats to appease Britain. Reconstruction: y Lincoln s 10% Plan: A state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of its voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the US and pledged to abide by emancipation. y Andrew Johnson: y Freedmen s Bureau: Welfare agency, highest success with education. y Sharecropping: Former slaves, and poorer whites in effect became slaves to the soil and to their creditors. y Black codes: Designed to regulate affairs of the emancipated blacks. y Maximilian: Violation of the Monroe Doctrine. y