A COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT ON PERFORMANCE EVALUAATION OF MUTUAL FUND Submitted to C K SHAH VIJAPURWALA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION UNDER GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Ms. ISHITA ASHRA Submitted by ISHA MEHTA 097050592016 MOHINI PATEL 097050592032 M.B.A SEMESTER IV C K Shah Vijapurwala Institute of Management M.B.A PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad April 2011

PREFACE

This project provides an opportunity to demonstrate application of our knowledge, skill and competencies required during the financial session. This project helps us to devote our skill to analyze the problem to suggest alternative solutions and to evaluate them. We have worked on the topic is PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MUTUAL FUND We have put our level best to prepare our project an error free project every effort has been made to offer the most authenticate position with accuracy.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our profound gratitude to all those who have been instrumental in the preparation of this report which has been prepared in partial fulfilment of Comprehensive Project in the Semester IV of an MBA programme. We wish to thank Dr. Rajesh Khajuria, director of C K Shah Vijapurvala Institute of Management and all the Faculty members of CKSVIM for their support and vision. This project could only be completed with the assistance of Ms. Ishita Ashra having being a valued guide. Finally we would like to thank our Parents, Family, Friends and God almighty for their unending inspiration and encouragement.

Place : Vadodara Date : 15.04.2011

Isha H. Mehta Mohini V. Patel

DECLARATION

We, Isha H. Mehta and Mohini V. Patel, hereby declare that the report for Comprehensive Project entitled Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds is the result of our own work and our indebtness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly acknowledged.

Place : Vadodara Date : 15.04.2011

Isha H. Mehta Mohini V. Patel

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO.

PARTICULARS

PAGE NO

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PART 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1 MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY 1.1 About The Industry 1.2 World Market 1.3 Indian Market 1.4 Growth Of The Industry 2 MAJOR COMPANIES IN THE MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY 2.1 Companies on the basis of return 3 Product Profile 3.1 Types of mutual fund 3.2 Benefits of mutual fund 3.3 Disadvantage of mutual fund 3.4 Different plans that mutual fund offer 3.5 Factors influencing the performance of mutual fund

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14 18 20 23

30

32 34 35 36 37

PART 2 PRIMARY STUDY 4 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY 4.1 literature Review 4.2 Background of the study 4.3 Problem statement and importance of the study 4.4 Objectives of the study 5 Research Methodology 5.1 Research Design 5.2 Sources of Data 5.3 Data collection Method 5.4 Population 5.5 Sampling method 6 Data Analysis and Interpretation 6.1 Analysis of mutual fund performance 7 8 9 Results and Findings Limitations of the study Conclusion/Suggestion 54 71 73 75 49 50 50 51 52 47 14 45 46

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ANNEXURE Appendix 1 1.1 Returns of mutual fund for the year 2010 1.2 Return of index for the year 2010 Appendix 2 2.1 Calculation of beta 2.2 Calculation of standard deviation 81 85 92 77 80

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Bibliography

LIST OF TABLES

Sr. No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1

Particulars Gross fund mobilization Assets under management Evaluation of Indian mutual fund industry Major companies in mutual fund industry on the basis of return

Page No 25 25 27 30

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12

Demonstration of Comparative Treynor Measures Treynor index Sample of 10 mutual fund Treynors performance index of sample Ranking according to treynor index Demonstration of Comparative Sharpe Measures Sharpes index Sharpes performance index of sample Ranking according to Sharpe index Jensens performance index of sample Ranking according to Jensens index Comparison of Treynor, Sharpe & Jensens index

55 55 56 57 58 60 60 61 62 65 66 68

LIST OF GRAPHS

Particulars Financial Institutions comprises following services Process of investing in Mutual Fund Market Capitalization Growth in asset under Management Growth in no. of AMC Growth in no. of Schemes Growth in AMU US dollars Major companies in mutual fund industry on the basis of return Classification of mutual fund

Page No 14 15 20 26 27 28 28 30 32

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY

There are so many investment avenues. So that investors does not know which avenues provides best return. As per the financial rule of Do not put all the eggs in one basket investors portfolio are most diversified. So that risk should be minimized. If the person do not have knowledge of how to get maximum return with minimum risk or vice-versa then they should invest in mutual fund. There are so many funds and schemes are available in mutual fund market. Investors know that how much risk they can take and based on that they have to choose schemes. The primary object of the present project is to know about which mutual funds gave highest performance within oneyear. This study has been undertaken to evaluate the performance of the Indian Mutual Funds vis--vis the Indian stock market. For the purpose of this study, 10 open ended equity based growth mutual funds were selected as the Sample. The data, which is the quarterly NAVs of the funds and the closing of the S & P NIFTY Index, were collected for a period of 1 year starting 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2010. Different statistical tools were used on the data obtained to calculate the Average returns, Standard deviation, Fund Beta, Treynors Performance Index, Sharpes Performance Index and Jensens Alpha. These variables of the funds were compared with the same variables of the market to assess how the different funds have performed against the market. Data we have used to calculate average returns are 10 funds quarterly returns and S & P NIFTYs quarterly returns for the year 2010. Data we have used to calculate standard deviation of portfolio (p) is the average return of mutual fund and market. Data we have used to calculate beta of portfolio (p) is the covariance of the returns of the fund and market and variance of the market.

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We have used return of portfolio (mutual fund) i.e. Rp, return of risk free securities i.e. Rf and beta of portfolio to calculate Treynors Performance Index. We have used return of portfolio i.e. Rp, return of risk free securities i.e. Rf and standard deviation of portfolio to calculate Sharpes Performance Index. We have used Rp, Rf, p and Rm i.e. return of market to calculate Jensens alpha. Sharpe and Treynor model are used to compare the performance of mutual funds and rank them according to their performance. Jensen model is used to calculate the fund managers stock selection capability. In this project we have calculated Sharpe, Treynor and Jensens performance index of 10 mutual funds and rank them according to that. We have also calculated the same for market to compare the performance of mutual funds with the market and to check whether the mutual funds can beat the market or not. From our analysis we have found out that UTI MNC Fund Growth stands on 1st rank amongst the 10 mutual funds according to above three models. It shows that UTI MNC FUND has performed well in the year 2010. This fund is also able to beat the market. While Reliance Growth Fund stands on 10th rank amongst the 10 mutual funds according to Sharpe and Jensens model and it stands on 9 th rank according to Treynors model. It shows that Reliance Growth Fund has not performed so well in the year 2010 as compared to other nine f unds.

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PART 1 GENERAL INFORMATION

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CHAPTER 1
MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

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1.1 ABOUT THE INDUSTRY

Financial Institutions comprises following services.

Definition Mutual funds are investment companies that pool money from investors at large and offer to sell and buy back its shares on a continuous basis and use the capital thus raised to invest in securities of different companies. The stocks these mutual funds have are very fluid and are used for buying or redeeming and/or selling shares at a net asset value. Mutual funds posses shares of several companies and receive dividends in lieu of them and the earnings are distributed among the share holders. Mutual funds are conceived as institutions for providing small investors with avenues of investments in the capital market. .Since small investors generally do not have adequate time, knowledge, experience and resources for directly accessing the capital market, they have to rely on an intermediary, which undertakes informed investment decisions and provides consequential benefits of professional expertise.

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Mutual funds have diversified investments spread in calculated proportions amongst securities of various economic sectors. Mutual funds get their earnings in two ways. First, is the most organic way, which is the dividend they get on the securities they hold. Second, is by the redemption of their shares by investors will be at a discount to the current NAVs (net asset values). Below cycle shows the process of investing in Mutual Fund

Investors pull their money with Fund Manager Fund Manager invest in different securities Securities generate Returns Returns are passed back to investors

(Source: www.amfiindia.com)

The mutual fund industry has been in India for a long time. This came into existence in 1963 with the establishment of Unit Trust of India, a joint effort by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India. The next two

decades from 1986 to 1993 can be termed as the period of public sector funds with entry of new public sector players into the mutual fund industry namely, Life Insurance Corporation of India and General Insurance Corporation of India. 15

The year of 1993 marked the beginning of a new era in the Indian mutual fund industry with the entry of private players like Morgan Stanley, J.P Morgan, and Capital International. This was the first time when the mutual fund regulations came into existence. SEBI (Security Exchange Board of India) was established under which all the mutual funds in India were required to be registered. SEBI was set up as a governing body to protect the interest of investor. By the end of 2008, the number of players in the industry grew enormously with 46 fund houses functioning in the country. With the rise of the mutual fund industry, establishing a mutual fund association became a prerequisite. This is when AMFI (Association of Mutual Funds India) was set up in 1995 as a non-profit organization. Today AMFI ensures mutual funds function in a professional and healthy manner thereby protecting the interest of the mutual funds as well as its investors. The mutual fund industry is considered as one of the most dominant players in the world economy and is an important constituent of the financial sector and India is no exception. The industry has witnessed startling growth in terms of the products and services offered, returns churned, volumes generated and the international players who have contributed to this growth. Today the industry offers different schemes ranging from equity and debt to fixed income and money market. The market has graduated from offering plain vanilla and equity debt products to an array of diverse products such as gold funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), and capital protection oriented funds and even thematic funds. In addition investments in overseas markets have also been a significant step. Due credit for this evolution can be given to the regulators for building an appropriate framework and to the fund houses for launching such different products. All these reasons have encouraged the traditional conservative investor, from parking fund in fixed deposits and government schemes to investing in other products giving higher returns.

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It is interesting to note that the major benefits of investing in a mutual funds is to capitalize on the opportunity of a professionally managed fund by a set of fund managers who apply their expertise in investment. This is beneficial to the investors who may not have the relevant knowledge and skill in investing. Besides investors have an opportunity to invest in a diversified basket of stocks at a relatively low price. Each investor owns a portion of the fund and hence shares the rise and fall in the value of the fund. A mutual fund may invest in stocks, cash, bonds or a combination of these. Mutual funds are considered as one of the best available investment options as compare to others alternatives. They are very cost efficient and also easy to invest in. The biggest advantage of mutual funds is they provide diversification, by reducing risk & maximizing returns. India is ranked one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Despite this huge progression in the industry, there still lies huge potential and room for growth. India has a saving rate of more than 35% of GDP, with 80% of the population who save. These savings could be channelized in the mutual funds sector as it offers a wide investment option. In addition, focusing on the

rapidly growing tier II and tier III cities within India will provide a huge scope for this sector. Further tapping rural markets in India will benefit mutual fund companies from the growth in agriculture and allied sectors. With subsequent easing of regulations, it is estimated that the mutual fund industry will grow at a rate of 30% - 35% in the next 3 to 5 years and reach US 300 billion by 2015.

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1.2 MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY IN WORLD MARKET

Mutual Fund A Globally Proven Investment Worldwide, the Mutual Fund has a long and successful history. The popularity of the Mutual Fund has increased manifold. In developed financial markets, like the United States, Mutual Funds have almost overtaken bank deposits and total assets of insurance funds.

Internationally, on-line investing continues its meteoric rise. Many have debated about the success of e-commerce and its breakthroughs, but it is true that this aspect of technology could and will change the way financial sectors function. However advanced countries like US, mutual funds buy-sell transactions have already begun on the net, while in India the net is used as a source of information. Such changes could facilitate easy access, lower intermediation costs and better services for all.

Since the creation of the first mutual fund in 1929, the mutual fund industry has enjoyed the fastest growth rate of the financial investment industry. In 1949, all mutual fund companies combined controlled $2 billion; fund assets soared to $6.5 trillion at the outset of 2003, and more than $12 trillion in 2007, making the funds Americas largest financial investment vehicles. The mutual fund industry consists of investment companies that sell shares in one or more portfolios of financial assets. Fund managers determine the composition of the portfolio, which may include stocks, bonds, government securities, shares in precious metals, and other financial assets. As open-end funds, they are sold publicly, and their shares must be redeemed by the investment company on request of the shareholder. Mutual funds are categorized by their general investment objectives. Equity funds consist of common stocks and are organized to achieve capital growth. Bond funds are composed of corporate, U.S. government or municipal bonds and emphasize regular income.

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Income funds have the same objective as bond funds but include Government National Mortgage Association securities, government securities, and common and preferred stocks as well as bonds. Money market mutual funds consist of short-term instruments, such as U.S. government securities, bank certificates of deposit and commercial paper. The mutual fund industry is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and by state regulations and securities laws. The first mutual fund was developed on March 21, 1924, when three Boston securities executives pooled their money to establish the Massachusetts Investors Trust. In just one year, the mutual fund grew from $50,000 to $392,000 in assets. Investors welcomed the innovation and invested in this new vehicle heavily; however, the stock market crash of 1929 slowed its growth. To instill investors with confidence, the U.S. Congress passed the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, which set standards with which mutual funds must comply. By the end of the 1960s, there were approximately 270 funds with $48 billion in assets. One of the largest contributors to the mutual funds growth was the provision added to the Internal Revenue Code in 1975 that allowed individuals already in a corporate pension fund to contribute up to $2,000 per year to an individual retirement account (IRA). Mutual funds became popular in employer sponsored 401(k) retirement plans, IRAs, and Roth IRAs.

In 1976, John Bogle founded the first retail index fund (a passively managed fund that tries to mirror the performance of a specific index, such as the S&P 500), named First Index Investment Trust. Later renamed Vanguard 500 Index Fund, it revolutionized investing, becoming one of the worlds largest mutual funds, with more than $115 billion in assets. Mutual fund assets first reached the trillion dollar mark in January, 1990. By the end of 1990, the industry had also posted new records, both in the number of funds (3,108) and in the number of individual accounts (62.6 million). By 1996, total mutual fund assets reached $3 trillion. The industry blossomed in the dawn of the new millennium, and in 2007, there were 8,015 mutual funds, with a combined worth of $12.4 trillion.

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1.3 MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY IN INDIAN MARKET

The Indian mutual funds industry is witnessing a rapid growth as a result of infrastructural development, increase in personal financial assets, and rise in foreign participation. With the growing risk appetite, rising income, and increasing awareness, mutual funds in India are becoming a preferred investment option compared to other investment vehicles like Fixed Deposits (FDs) and postal savings that are considered safe but give comparatively low returns, according to Indian Mutual Fund Industry.

Market capitalization Individual investors make up for 96.86% of the total number of investor accounts and contribute 36.9% of the net assets under management.

(Source: www.articlebase.com)

Size of industry The size of Indian Mutual Fund Industry has grown and now has the boast of having dominance in this industry. In April 2008 the total Asset Under Management popularly known as AUM has increased from Rs.1, 01, 565 crores in January 2000 to Rs.5, 67, 601.98 crores.

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According to the Association of Mutual Funds in India, the growth of mutual fund industry has been exceptional. This industry has indeed come a very long way with only 34 players in the market and more than 480 schemes. Domestic and Export Share Despite the growth of Mutual Fund Industry, penetration levels in India are low as compared to other global economies. Assets under management as a percentage of GDP is less than 5% in India as compared to 70% in the US, 67% in France and 37% in Brazil. The industry has grown in size and manages total assets of more than $30351 million. Of the various sectors, the private sector accounts for nearly 91% of the resources mobilized showing their overwhelming dominance in the market. Individuals constitute 98.04% of the total number of investors and contribute US $12062 million, which is 55.16% of the net assets under management. Employment opportunities Indian Mutual Fund Industry is playing an active role in the capital market today and is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. The industry offers multiple career options to the youths irrespective of their academic subjects. Graduates from arts, science and commerce can easily find a job in this promising and growing sector. Due to the participation of private players and many financial institutions into the mutual funds markets, they have further widened the scope of employment in this sector. Career in Mutual funds require the minimum qualification of a certification (Advisor Module) and a registration number from the Associations of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI). SEBI has made mandatory for any entity or person engaged in marketing and selling of mutual fund products to pass AMFI certification test (Advisors Module) and obtain registration number from. This certification remains valid for 5 years from the date of the test.

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Latest developments

The Indian mutual funds retail market, growing at a CAGR of about 30%, is forecasted to reach US$ 300 Billion by 2015.

Income and growth schemes made up for majority of Assets under Management (AUM) in the country. At about 84% (as on March 31, 2008), private sector Asset Management Companies account for majority of mutual fund sales in India.

Individual investors make up for 96.86% of the total number of investor accounts and contribute 36.9% of the net assets under management.

The Rs.7.2 trillion Indian Mutual Fund Industry is revisiting its business model to be in sync with the new norms put in place by the capital market regulator, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, or SEBI.

India has 36 asset management companies (AMCs) and at least some of them are planning to start their own distribution business instead of selling funds through third-party distributors. Among other things, they plan to cut distributors commission by 25-30 basis points (bps) and shift their focus from frequent churning of funds to managing money for the longer term. One basis point is one-hundredth of a percentage point.

Out of the 32 crore employed Indians, only 2.5% are investors. Many investors, particularly youth mostly having the dispensable income opt for mutual funds to enter into the securities market indirectly. Hence, potential investors in mutual funds need evaluation not only by financial institutions but also by academicians so that they can make a right choice in their investment decisions.

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1.4 GROWTH OF MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India, at the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The history of mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases. Phase I - Establishment and Growth of Unit Trust of India 1964-87 Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of Parliament. It was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative control of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was delinked from the RBI and the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and administrative control in place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988 UTI had Rs. 6,700 crores of assets under management. Phase II Entry of Public Sector Funds 1987-93 1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund in June 1987 followed by Can bank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC established its mutual fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund in December 1990. At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs. 47,004 crores.

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Phase III Entry of Private Sector Funds 1993-96 With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual fund industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds, except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July 1993. Phase IV - Growth and SEBI Regulation 1996-04 The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with many foreign mutual funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several mergers and acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total assets of Rs. 1,21,805 crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs. 44,541 crores of assets under management was way ahead of other mutual funds. In February 2003, the UTI Act was repealed and UTI was stripped of its Special legal status as a trust formed by an Act of Parliament. The primary objective behind this was to bring all mutal fund players on the same level. UTI was re-organized into two parts: 1. The Specified Undertaking, 2. The UTI Mutual Fund. UTI Mutual Fund is still the largest player in the industry. In 1999, there was a significant growth in mobilization of funds from investors and assets under management which is supported by the following data:

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TABLE 1.1 GROSS FUND MOBILISATION GROSS FUND MOBILISATION (RS. CRORES) FROM 1-4-98 1-4-99 1-4-00 1-4-01 1-4-02 1-4-03 1-4-03 1-4-04 1-4-05 TO 31-3-99 31-3-00 31-3-01 31-3-02 31-3-03 31-3-03 31-3-04 31-3-05 31-3-06 UTI 11,679 13,536 12,413 4,643 5,505 * PUBLIC SECTOR 1,732 4,039 6,192 13,613 22,923 7,259* 68,558 1,03,246 1,83,446 PRIVATE SECTOR 7,966 42,173 74,352 1,46,267 2,20,551 58,435 5,21,632 7,36,416 9,14,712 TOTAL 21,377 59,748 92,957 1,64,523 2,48,979 65,694 5,90,190 8,39,662 10,98,158

(Source: www.appuonline.com/mf/knowledge/industry.html)

TABLE 1.2 ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT

ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT (RS. CRORES) PUBLIC SECTOR 8,292 PRIVATE SECTOR 6,860 TOTAL 68,472

AS ON

UTI

31-March-99

53,320

(Source: www.appuonline.com/mf/knowledge/industry.html)

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Phase V Growth & Consolidation 2004 onwards The industry has also witnessed several mergers and acquisitions recently, examples of which are acquisition of schemes of Alliance Mutual Fund by Birla Sun Life, Sun F&C Mutual Fund and PNB Mutual Fund by Principal Mutual Fund. Simultaneously, more international mutual fund players have entered India like Fidelity, Franklin Templeton Mutual Fund etc. There were 29 funds as at the end of March 2006. This is a continuing phase of growth of the industry through consolidation and entry of new international and private sector players.

(Source: www.articlebase.com)

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TABLE 1.3 EVOLUTION OF THE INDIAN MF INDUSTRY Year Mar 98 Mar 99 Mar 00 Mar 01 Mar 02 Mar 03 Mar 04 Mar 05 Mar 06 Mar 07 Mar 08 No of AMCs 31 32 32 35 35 33 31 29 29 30 33 No of schemes 235 277 337 393 417 382 403 451 592 756 956 AUM US $(mn) 17451 16111 25889 19336 20601 16719 32170 34289 52127 75728 126225

(Source: Association of mutual fund in India)

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Factors contributing to the growth of the industry Large Market Potential High Savings Rate Comprehensive Regulatory Framework Favourable Tax Policies Introduction of New Products Role of Distributor Investor Education Campaign Performance Record

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CHAPTER 2
MAJOR COMPANIES IN THE MUTUAL FUND INDUSTRY

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2.1 COMPANIES ON THE BASIS OF RETURN

Company IDFC Premier Equity A ING Dividend Yield Reliance RSF Equity Birla SL Dividend Yield (G) Sundaram S.M.I.L.E Fund ICICI Pru Discovery Fund HDFC Top 200 Fund Can Robeco Equity Diversified Quantum Long-Term Equity Baroda Pioneer Growth

NAV 1,376.30 36.53 2,722.37 384.83 663.86 1,083.58 7,490.21 323.88 53.45 52.17

Return % 83.2 76.8 74.2 69.8 66.1 63.7 63.4 57.8 57.1 55.7

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CHAPTER 3
PRODUCT PROFILE

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3.1 TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND

A Mutual Fund may float several schemes which may be classified on the basis of its structure, its investment objectives and other objectives.

A) MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES BY STRUCTURE Open-Ended Funds: Open-Ended fund scheme is open for subscription all through year. An investor can buy or sell the units at "NAV" (Net Asset Value) related price at any time. Close-Ended Funds: A Close-Ended fund is open for subscription only during a specified period, generally at the time of initial public issue. The Close-Ended fund scheme is listed on the some stock exchanges where an investor can buy or sell the units of this type of scheme. Interval Funds: Interval Funds combines both the features of Open-Ended funds and Close-Ended funds.

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B) MUTUAL FUND SCHEMES BY INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES Growth Funds: The objective of Growth Fund scheme is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long term. This type of scheme is an ideal scheme for the investors seeking capital appreciation for a long period. Income Funds: The Income Fund schemes objective is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Balanced Funds: The objective of Balanced Fund schemes is to provide both growth and regular income to investors. Money Market Funds: The objectives of Money market funds are to provide easy liquidity, regular income and preservation of income.

C) OTHER FUNDS Tax Saving Schemes: The objective of Tax Saving schemes is to offer tax rebates to the investors under specific provisions of the Indian Income Tax Laws. Investments made under some schemes are allowed as deduction u/s 88 of the Income Tax Act. Industry specific Schemes: Industry specific schemes invest only in the industries specified in the offer document of the schemes. Sectorial Schemes: The scheme invest particularly in a specified industries or initial public offering. Index schemes: Such schemes links with the performance of BSE sensex or NSE. Loan Funds: Loan Funds charges a commission each time when you buy or sale units in the fund.

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3.2 BENEFITS OF MUTUAL FUNDS Mutual Funds offer several benefits to an investor such as potential return, liquidity, transparency, income growth, good post tax return and reasonable safety. There are number of options available for an investor offered by a mutual fund. Before investing in a Mutual Fund an investor must identify his needs and preferences. While selecting a Mutual Fund's schemes he should consider the effect of inflation rate, diversification of investment, the time period of investment and the risk factors. There are various types of risk factors as: Market Risk Credit Risk Interest Rate Risk Inflation Risk Political Environment The major benefits are good post-tax returns and reasonable safety, the other benefits in investing in Mutual Funds are Professional Management: Mutual Funds employ the services of

experienced and skilled professionals and dedicated investment research team. The whole team analyses the performance and balance sheet of companies and selects them to achieve the objectives of the scheme. Potential Return: Mutual Funds have the potential to provide a higher return to an investor than any other option over a reasonable period of time. Diversification: Mutual Funds invest in a number of companies across a wide cross section of industries and sectors. Low Cost: Investment in Mutual Funds is a less expensive way in comparison to a direct investment in capital market.

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Liquidity: The investor can get the money promptly at the net asset value related prices from the Mutual Funds open-ended schemes. In close-ended schemes, the units can be sold on a stock exchange at the prevailing market price. Transparency: Mutual Funds have to disclose their holdings, investment pattern and the necessary information before all investors under a regulation framework. Flexibility: Investment in Mutual Funds offers a lot of flexibility with features of schemes such as regular investment plan, regular withdrawal plans and dividend reinvestment plans enabling systematic investment or withdrawal of funds. Affordability: Small investors with low investment fund are unable to highgrade or blue chip stocks. An investor through Mutual Funds can be benefited from a portfolio including of high priced stock. Well regulated: All Mutual Funds are registered with SEBI, and SEBI acts a watchdog, so the Mutual Funds are well regulated.

3.3 DISADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUND Cost: Mutual funds provide investors with professional management, but it comes at a cost. Funds will typically have a range of different fees that reduce the overall payout. In mutual funds, the fees are classified into two categories: shareholder fees and annual operating fees.

Misleading Advertisements: The misleading advertisements of different funds can guide investors down the wrong path. Some funds may be incorrectly labelled as growth funds, while others are classified as small cap or income funds. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that funds have at least 80% of assets in the particular type of investment implied in their names. 35

3.4 DIFFERENT PLANS THAT MUTUAL FUND OFFER

Growth Plan and Dividend Plan A growth plan is a plan under a scheme wherein the returns from investments are reinvested and very few income distributions, if any, are made. The investor thus only realizes capital appreciation on the investment. This plan appeals to investors in the high income bracket. Under the dividend plan, income is distributed from time to time. This plan is ideal to those investors requiring regular income. Dividend Reinvestment Plan Dividend plans of schemes carry an additional option for reinvestment of income distribution. This is referred to as the dividend reinvestment plan. Under this plan, dividends declared by a fund are reinvested on behalf of the investor, thus increasing the number of units held by the investors. Automatic Investment Plan Under the Automatic Investment Plan (AIP) also called Systematic Investment Plan (SIP), the investor is given the option for investing in a specified frequency of months in a specified scheme of the Mutual Fund for a constant sum of investment. AIP allows the investors to plan their savings through a structured regular monthly savings program. Automatic Withdrawal Plan Under the Automatic Withdrawal Plan (AWP) also called Systematic Withdrawal Plan(SWP), a facility is provided to the investor to withdraw a predetermined amount from his fund at a pre-determined interval.

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3.5 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PERFORMANCE OF MUTUAL FUND

The performances of Mutual funds are influenced by the performance of the stock market as well as the economy as a whole. Equity Funds are influenced to a large extent by the stock market. The stock market in turn is influenced by the performance of the companies as well as the economy as a whole. The performance of the sector funds depends to a large extent on the companies within that sector. Bond-funds are influenced by interest rates and credit quality. As interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. Similarly, bond funds with higher credit ratings are less influenced by changes in the economy. Expense Ratio Mutual funds charge fees, sometimes high fees. A mutual fund's EXPENSE RATIO is the most important fee to understand. And is made up of the following: The investment advisory fee or management fee is the money used to pay the manager(s) of the mutual fund. This is usually taken annually as a percentage of the fund's assets. Administrative costs are the costs of record keeping, mailings, maintaining a customer service line, etc. These are all necessary costs, though they vary in size from fund to fund. Distribution fee: This fee is spent on marketing, advertising and distribution services. Only one third of all equity, mutual funds provided returns greater than the S&P 500, and that was before fees and expenses which range from 0.5% to 2.0% and 2.0%, respectively. After adjustments were made for the riskiness of a fund, mutual funds were reported as being able to perform up to the market on gross returns, but were underperforming, as compared to the market, after the various expenses were factored in. Many analysts suggested that the average 1.3% expense ratio of mutual funds and the need for the retainment of cash as the culprits of such underperformance. 37

Risk Risk can be a great ally when trying to estimate the reward potential of a stock investment. The greater the stock volatility, or risk, the greater also is the reward. There are several new risk measurements that give guidance for selecting mutual stocks that provide higher returns for lower risk. Time Horizon The time horizon of an individual will also influence the performance measures he/she will look at more closely. If you are investing for less than four years, you need a fund with consistent performance, so all your money will be there when you need it. You also do not have time to earn back a large commission charge on the front end. Conversely, if you plan to invest your money for 30 years, neither consistency nor load is very important: you have plenty of time for the market to recover. With a long-term horizon, your biggest enemies are poor performance and high annual expenses, both of which can erode that all-important compounding.

38

PART 2 PRIMARY STUDY

39

CHAPTER 4
INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY

40

4.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Performance evaluation of mutual funds is one of the preferred areas of research where a good amount of study has been carried out. The area of research provides diverse views of the same. For instance one paper 1evaluated the performance of Indian Mutual Fund Schemes in a bear market using relative performance index, risk-return analysis, Treynors ratio, Sharpes ratio, Jensens measure, Famas measure. The study finds that Medium Term Debt Funds were the best performing funds during the bear period of September 98-April 2002 and 58 of 269 open ended mutual funds provided better returns than the overall market returns. Another paper2 used Return Based Style Analysis (RBSA) to evaluate equity mutual funds in India using quadratic optimization of an asset class factor model proposed by William Sharpe and analysis of the relative performance of the funds with respect to their style benchmarks. Their study found that the mutual funds generated positive monthly returns on the average, during the study period of January 2000 through June 2005. The ELSS funds lagged the Growth funds or all funds taken together, with respect to returns generated. The mean returns of the growth funds or all funds were not only positive but also significant. The ELSS funds also demonstrated marginally higher volatility (standard deviation) than the Growth funds. One study3 identified differences in characteristics of public-sector sponsored & private-sector sponsored mutual funds find the extent of diversification in the portfolio of securities of public-sector sponsored and private-sector sponsored mutual funds and compare the performance of public-sector

1 2

Dr. Rao, Narayan (2005) Performance Evaluation of Indian Mutual Funds Prof. Banerjee, Ashok et. Al (2007),Performance Evaluation of Indian Mutual Funds vis--vis their style benchmarks 3 Panwar,Sharad and Dr. Madhumathi (2006), Characteristics and performance evaluation of selected mutual funds in India

41

sponsored and private-sector sponsored mutual funds using traditional investment measures. They primarily use Jensens alpha, Sharpe information ratio, excess standard deviation adjusted return (ESDAR) and find out that portfolio risk characteristics measured through private-sector Indian sponsored mutual funds seems to have outperformed both Public- sector sponsored and Private-sector foreign sponsored mutual funds and the general linear model of analysis of covariance establishes differences in performance among the three classes of mutual funds in terms of portfolio diversification. Another paper4 examined the performance of equity and bond mutual funds that invested primarily in the emerging markets using Treynors ratio, Sharpes ratio, Jensens measure. With this research they found that on an average the U.S. stock market outperformed emerging equity markets but the emerging market bonds outperformed U.S. bonds. They also found that overall emerging market stock funds under-performed the respective MSCI indexes. These were evident by their lower return, higher risk, and thus lower Sharpe ratios. One more paper5 evaluated whether or not the selected mutual funds were able to outperform the market on the average over the studied time period. In addition to that by examining the strength of interrelationships of values of PCMs for successive time periods , the study also tried to infer about the extent to which the future values of fund performance were related to its past by using single index model. The study revealed that there were positive signals of information asymmetry in the market with mutual fund managers having superior information about the returns of stocks as a whole. PCM also indicated that on an average mutual funds provided excess (above-average) return, but only when unit of time period was longer (1 qtr or 4 qtr). Therefore, they concluded that for assessing the true performance of a particular mutual fund, a longer time horizon is better.
4

Ahmed,Parvez; Gangopadhyay, Partha & Nanda, Sudhir (2001), Performance of Emerging Market Mutual Funds 5 Bhattacharjee,Kaushik and Prof. Roy,Bijan (2006), Fund Performance Measurement Without Benchmark - A Case Of Select Indian Mutual Funds

42

Another study6 aimed at analyzing performance of select open-ended equity mutual fund using Sharpe Ratio, Hypothesis testing and return based on yield. The most important finding of the study had been that only four Growth plans and one Dividend plan (5 out of the 42 plans studied) could generate higher returns than that of the market which is contrary to the general opinion prevailing in the Indian mutual fund market. Even the Sharpe ratios of Growth plans and the corresponding Dividend plans stand testimony to the relatively better performance of Growth plans. The statistical tests in terms of F-test and t-Test further corroborate the significant performance differences between the Growth plans and Dividend plans. A similar study7 examined the empirical properties of performance measures for mutual funds using Simulation procedures combined with random and random-stratified samples of NYSE and AMEX securities and other

performance measurement tools employed are Sharpe measure, Jensen alpha, Treynor measure, appraisal ratio, and Fama-French three-factor model alpha. The study revealed that standard mutual fund performance was unreliable and could result in false inferences. In particular, it was easy to detect abnormal performance and market-timing ability when none exists. The results also showed that the range of measured performance was quite large even when true performance was ordinary. This provided a benchmark to gauge mutual fund performance. Comparisons of their numerical results with those reported in actual mutual fund studies raised the possibility that reported results were due to misspecification, rather than abnormal performance. Finally, the results indicated that procedures based on the Fama-French 3-factor model were somewhat better than CAPM based measures.

Rao,D.N (2006), Investment styles and Performance of Equity Mutual Funds in India 7 Kothari,S.P. and Warner,Jerold (1997), Evaluating Mutual Fund Performance

43

Another paper8, analyzed the Indian Mutual Fund Industry pricing mechanism with empirical studies on its valuation. It also analyzed data at both the fundmanager and fund-investor levels. It stated that mispricing of the Mutual funds could be evaluated by comparing the return on market and return on stock. During the pricing period, if the return on stock is negative, then it indicates overpricing and if are positive indicates under pricing. Relative performance measurement was used to measure the performance of the MF with SENSEX and it used Standard Deviation, Correlation analysis, Co-efficient of Determination and Null Hypothesis. This study revealed that standard deviations of the 3-month returns were significant with the increase in the period.

Agrawal,Deepak (2007), Measuring Performance of Indian Mutual funds

44

4.2

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Day by day as business is getting more competitive and so the management is achieving its importance in every field to increase the efficiency and to cut down the cost of production. The present day giant organization is a specialized or expert in all spheres of management. The importance of specialist from each has emerged, these specialist are often called as professionals. During last few years or so, financial management which was not considered so much has now been recognize as an important area. This change has created importance for the study of financial management which has lead to various objectives-covered in this research methodology. The methodology of the project reveals the step-by-step procedure done to carry out the project study. Mutual Fund is a topic which is of enormous interest not only to researchers all over the world, but also to investors. Mutual funds as a medium-to-long term investment option are preferred as a suitable investment option by investors. However, with several market entrants the question is the choice of mutual fund. The study focuses on this problem of mutual fund selection by investors. Though the investment objectives define investors preference

among fund types (balanced, growth, dividend etc.) the choice of fund based on a sponsors reputation remains to be probed. We focus on analyzing the performance of mutual funds by using three models i.e. Sharpe, Treyner and Jensen.

45

4.3

PROBLEM STATEMENT AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

There are so many investment avenues. So that investors does not know which avenues provides best return. As per the financial rule of Do not put all the eggs in one basket investors portfolio are most diversified. So that risk should be minimized. If the person do not have knowledge of how to get maximum return with minimum risk or vice-versa then they should be invest in mutual fund. There are so many funds and schemes are available in mutual fund market. Investors know that how much risk they can take. Based on that they have to choose schemes. Problem is that chosen scheme provides the best return as compare to the market and other schemes. For that certain model available Sharpes model, Treynors model and Jensons model. These models are suggested that which schemes provide best return. Importance of the study is that a funds performance can be judged with respects to investors expectation. Investors have to define his expectations in relation to certain indicators on what is possible to achieve or moderate this with comparable investment alternatives available in the market. These indicators of performance can acts against investors fund performance. It is very important to select the right benchmark to evaluate a funds performance. So the problem arises that in which scheme they should invest according to their preferences.

46

4.4

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary object of the present project is to know about which mutual funds gave highest performance in a short-term period. To know about types of mutual funds in detail. To know, which schemes gives highest return within one-year. To find the extent of diversification in the portfolio of securities of sponsored mutual funds. To compare the performance of sponsored mutual funds using traditional investment measures. In general, Mutual Funds are not considered to be too risky because they invest in dozens or even hundreds of stocks. But Mutual Funds being marketlinked are prime candidates for stock market related risks. The four aspects that you should take into account while analyzing risk in Mutual

Fund investment are volatility of the fund as indicated by the Standard Deviation, risk-adjusted returns as calculated by the Sharpe Ratio, Beta and Alpha. Standard Deviation shows the degree of risk taken on by the fund, Sharpe Ratio shows the return generated by the fund per unit of risk taken. Beta shows how much a fund moves when compared to an appropriate index. Alpha represents the difference between a Mutual Fund's actual performance and the performance that would be expected based on the level of risk taken by the manager. A Fund with low risk is the one with the lowest Standard Deviation, the highest Sharpe Ratio within its peer group, Beta closer to one and Alpha above one. It is advisable for you to evaluate these measures on a historical basis so as to identify the most consistent performers.

47

CHAPTER 5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

48

5.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Design is the roadmap for carrying out the research activity in the project. In our project of Performance Evaluation of Mutual Fund we have carried out the research of which mutual fund is providing higher return by comparing the returns of different mutual funds and we have also compared whether the mutual fund can beat the market return or not. For this research activity We have selected 10 mutual funds from Indian market. All funds are in equity growth category. Data has been collected from money control, value research online, and mutual fund India web sites. Funds selected are mostly preferable by investors.

Bank of Barodas Fix deposit return is selected as risk free return, which is 8.5% p.a. Collected NAV of funds of each quarter for the year 2010 and define return. Defined standard deviation on the basis of Quarterly return. Found out average return. Defined beta of funds and market, S&P CNX Nifty index return is taken as market return.

Found out Treynor, Sharpe and Jensen ratio and performance. Finally we have given rank to mutual funds according to each ratio.

49

5.2 SOURCES OF DATA

Basically there are two sources of data: 1) Primary source of data 2) Secondary Source of data The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for first time and thus happen to be original in character. The secondary data are those which have been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through statistical process.

Here in this research project we have used Secondary source of data as the return for different mutual funds and market cannot be established by ourselves.

5.3 DATA COLLECTION METHOD

While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study the researcher should keep in mind two sources of data i.e. primary and secondary data. The method for collecting primary and secondary data differ since primary data are to be originally collected while in case of secondary data the nature of data collection work is merely that of compilation.

There are several ways of collecting primary data.

1. Observation method 2. Interview method 3. Through questionnaires 4. Through schedules 50

There are several ways of collecting secondary data. Secondary data means that are already available that is they refer to the data. Secondary data may be either published or unpublished data usually published data are available in: 1. Various publications of the central, state and local government 2. Various publications of foreign government or of international bodies 3. Technical and Trade journals 4. Books magazines and newspapers 5. Reports publication of various associations connected with business and industry, banks, stocks exchanges etc. Here in this research project we have used data which were published on the websites of Bombay stock exchange, Money control, value research online, National stock exchange and mutual fund India.

5.4 POPULATION
Population is a collection of items of interest in research. The population represents a group that you wish to generalize your research to. Here in this research project we have taken the population of 46 mutual fund house in India. Out of 46 we have selected 5 fund houses on the asset under management basis. 10 Funds across 5 fund houses have been selected. This population is based on the type of mutual fund i.e. Equity Growth mutual funds There are various schemes available in the mutual fund like debt, equity, balanced, guilt etc. But out of these schemes we have selected Equity growth scheme as a population.

51

5.5 SAMPLING METHOD

A population is a group of individual persons, objects, or items from which samples are taken for measurement. Sampling is the act, process, or technique of selecting a suitable sample, or a representative part of a population for the purpose of determining parameters or characteristics of the whole population. Methods of Sampling: The convenient sample A convenience sample results when the more convenient elementary units are chosen from a population for observation. The judgment sample A judgment sample is obtained according to the discretion of someone who is familiar with the relevant characteristics of the population. The random sample This may be the most important type of sample. A random sample allows a known probability that each elementary unit will be chosen. For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as a probability sample. This is the type of sampling that is used in lotteries and raffles. Here in this research project we have used convenient sample method for sampling. We have taken the Sample of 10 Equity Growth mutual funds on the basis of their highest annual average return in the year 2010.

52

CHAPTER 6
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

53

6.1 ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUND PERFORMANCE

Mutual

fund

performance

can

be

analyzed

through

performance

measurement ratios which are use in portfolio analysis. We here are using Treynor, Sharpe, and Jensen ratio to evaluate mutual funds and rank accordingly. Composite portfolio performance measures have the flexibility of combining risk and return performance into a single value. The most commonly used composite measures are: Treynor, Sharpe and Jensen measures. While Treynor measures only the systematic risk summarized by beta, Sharpe concentrates on total risk of the mutual fund. TREYNERS PERFORMANCE INDEX Treynor (1965) was the first researcher developing a composite measure of portfolioperformance. He measures portfolio risk with beta, and calculates portfolios market risk premium relative to its beta:

Where: Ti = Treynors Performance Index Rp = Portfolios actual return during a specified time period Rf = Risk-free rate of return during the same period p = beta of the portfolio Whenever Rp> Rf and p > 0 a larger T value means a better portfolio for all investors Regardless of their individual risk preferences. In two cases we may have a negative T value: when Rp < Rf or when p < 0. If T is negative because Rp < Rf we judge the portfolio performance as very poor. However, if

54

the negativity of T comes from a negative beta, funds performance is superb. Finally when Rp- Rf, and p are both negative, T will be positive. Demonstration of Comparative Treynor Measures Assume we have the following data for three mutual funds; ZBY, with their respective annual rate of return and systematic risk, Beta. The risk free rate is 8 %. The systematic risk for M (market) is 1.0 and the rate of return for M is 14%.

Investment Manager Z B Y M Table 6.1

Rate of Return 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.14

Beta 0.90 1.05 1.2 1.0

We can calculate the T values for each investment manager: TM TZ TB TY Table 6.2 These results show that Z did not even "beat-the-market." Y had the best performance, and both B and Y beat the market (0.14-0.08) / 1.00 (0.12-0.08) / 0.90 (0.16-0.08) / 1.05 (0.18-0.08) / 1.20 = 0.06 = 0.044 = 0.076 =0.083

55

SAMPLE OF 10 MUTUAL FUND

Company HDFC Equity Fund-Growth HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth HDFC Growth Fund-Growth UTI MNC Fund-growth HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund-Growth Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan Table 6.3 Avg. return of 2010 28.4 27.6 26.5 25 24.4 23.3 21.2 22.4 20.5 16.1

56

TREYNERS PERFORMANCE INDEX

Particulars

Rp

Rf

Beta

Treynor index

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

28.4

8.5

1.06

18.77

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth

27.6

8.5

0.91

20.98

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

26.5

8.5

0.97

18.55

UTI MNC Fund-growth

25

8.5

0.44

37.5

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

24.4

8.5

0.97

16.39

ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth

23.3

8.5

0.46

32.17

ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth

21.2

8.5

0.82

15.49

Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth

22.4

8.5

1.18

11.78

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund-Growth

20.5

8.5

0.66

18.18

Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan

16.1

8.5

0.54

14.07

Market Return

14.32

8.5

5.82

Table 6.4

57

RANKING ACCORDING TO TREYNER

Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Table 6.5

Particulars
UTI MNC Fund-growth ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth HDFC Equity Fund-Growth HDFC Growth Fund-Growth Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth Market return

INTERPRETATION
In our analysis we have given ranks on the basis of higher Treyners index. Higher Treyners index gets 1st rank. Treyners performance index measures (Beta) systematic risk of portfolio. This model does not consider total risk (systematic risk + unsystematic risk). In our analysis we have found out that UTI MNC fund growth has lower beta i.e. 0.44 as compared to other nine funds. Same way Birla Sun Life Buy India fund - growth has higher beta i.e. 1.18. 58

This analysis represents that UTI MNC fund growth gets higher Treyners performance index and it stands on first rank. Same way Birla Sun Life Buy India fund growth gets lower Treyners performance index and it stands on last rank. This analysis also represents that though HDFC equity fund growth has higher return i.e. 28.4 as compared to other nine funds, it stands on fourth rank as it is having higher beta i.e. 1.06. Thus at last we want to conclude that according to Treyners Performance Index, it is not necessary that fund with higher return is always well performing fund and stands on first rank because we also have to consider risk associated with that fund.

SHARPES PERFORMANCE INDEX Sharpe (1966) developed a composite index which is very similar to the Treynor measure, the only difference being the use of standard deviation, instead of beta, to measure the portfolio risk, in other words except it uses the total risk of the portfolio rather than just the systematic risk.

Where: Si = Sharpe performance index = Portfolio standard deviation Sharpe index, evaluates funds performance based on both rate of return and diversification. For a completely diversified portfolio Treynor and Sharpe indices would give identical rankings. 59

Demonstration of Comparative Sharpe Measures Assume we have the following data for three portfolios; BOP, with their respective annual rate of return and standard deviation of their return. The risk free rate is 8 %. The standard deviation for M (market) is 0.20 and the rate of return for M is 14%.

Portfolio B O P M Table 6.6

Annual rate of Return 0.13 0.17 0.16 0.14

S.D of Return 0.18 0.22 0.23 0.20

We can calculate the S values for each portfolio. B O P M Table 6.7 Thus, portfolio O did the best, and B failed to beat the market. The trouble with both Sharpe and Treynor techniques for evaluating "riskadjusted" returns is that they equate risk with short-term volatility. Therefore these measures may not be applicable in evaluating the relative merits of long-term investments (0.13-0.08) / 0.18 (0.17-0.08) / 0.22 (0.16-0.08) / 0.23 (0.14-0.08) / 0.20 = 0.278 = 0.409 = 0.348 = 0.30

60

SHARPES PERFORMANCE INDEX

Particulars

Rp

Rf

Standard deviation

Sharpe index 2.76

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

28.4

8.5

7.21

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

27.6 26.5

8.5 8.5

6.07 6.42

3.14 2.80

UTI MNC Fund-growth

25

8.5

4.57

3.61

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

24.4

8.5

6.73

2.36

ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth

23.3

8.5

4.85

3.05

ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth

21.2 22.4

8.5 8.5

6.31 8.1

2.01 1.71

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund-Growth

20.5

8.5

5.77

2.08

Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan

16.1

8.5

5.39

1.41

Market return

14.32

8.5

4.18

1.39

Table 6.8

61

RANKING ACCORDING TO SHARPE

Rank
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Table 6.9 UTI MNC Fund-growth

Particulars

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth HDFC Growth Fund-Growth HDFC Equity Fund-Growth HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan Market return

62

INTERPRETATION
In our analysis we have given ranks on the basis of higher Sharpes index. Higher Sharpes index gets 1st rank. Sharpes performance index measures standard deviation of portfolio. This model considers total risk i.e. both systematic risk and unsystematic risk. In our analysis we have found out that UTI MNC fund growth has a return of 25 and on the basis of return it stands on fourth rank but its standard deviation is 4.57 which is lower as compared to other nine funds. This thing indicates that UTI MNC Fund stands on first rank because it is providing good return with lower risk. We have analyzed that Reliance Growth Fund growth plan also has lower standard deviation and then also it stands on last rank according to Sharpes performance index. The reason behind this is that this fund is providing lower return as compared to other nine funds. This thing indicates that Reliance Growth Fund stands on last rank because it is providing lower return with lower risk. This analysis also represents that though HDFC equity fund growth has higher return i.e. 28.4 as compared to other nine funds, it stands on fifth rank as it is having higher standard deviation i.e. 7.21. Thus at last we want to conclude that according to Sharpes Performance Index, it is not necessary that fund with higher return is always well performing fund and stands on first rank because we also have to consider risk associated with that fund. Further return of fund should also be good enough; it should not be so lower.

63

JENSENS ALPHA Jensen (1968), on the other hand, writes the following formula in terms of realized rates of return, assuming that CAPM is empirically valid.

Jensen uses as his performance measure. A superior portfolio manager would have a significant positive value because of the consistent positive residuals. Inferior managers, on the other hand, would have a significant negative . Average portfolio managers having no forecasting ability but, still, cannot be considered inferior would earn as much as one could expect on the basis of the CAPM. Jensen performance criterion, like the Treynor measure, does not evaluate the ability of portfolio managers to diversify, since the risk premiums are calculated in terms of . If the value is positive, and then the portfolio is earning excess returns. In other words, a positive value for Jensen's alpha means a fund manager has beat the market with his or her stock picking skills.

64

JENSENS PERFORMANCE INDEX

Particulars

Rp

Rf

Rm

Beta

Jensen index

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

28.4

8.5

14.32

1.06

13.73

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund Growth

27.6

8.5

14.32

0.91

13.80

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

26.5

8.5

14.32

0.97

12.3

UTI MNC Fund-growth

25

8.5

14.32

0.44

13.93

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

24.4

8.5

14.32

0.97

10.25

ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth

23.3

8.5

14.32

0.46

12.12

ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth

21.2

8.5

14.32

0.82

7.92

Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth

22.4

8.5

14.32

1.18

7.03

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund Growth 20.5

8.5

14.32

0.66

8.16

Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan

16.1

8.5

14.32

0.54

4.46

Table 6.10

65

RANKING ACCORDING TO JENSEN

Rank
1 UTI MNC Fund-growth

Particulars

2 3

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

4 5

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth

6 7
8

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth Birla Sun Life long Advantage ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plans

10

Table 6.11

66

INTERPRETATION

In our analysis we have given ranks on the basis of higher Jensens index. Higher Jensens index gets 1st rank. Jensens performance index measures alpha of portfolio. This model indicates that higher the value of alpha, higher is the ability of a fund manager to select good fund. We have analyzed that alpha of UTI MNC Fund growth is very high i.e. 13.93 as compared to other nine funds and it stands on first rank. This positive value of alpha indicates that fund manager is able to select UTI MNC fund as a good fund. We have also analyzed that alpha of Reliance Growth Fund is lower. This may be due to its lower return. Thus though the risk associated with Reliance Growth Fund is lower, its alpha value is lower because of its lower return. Finally we want to conclude that according to Jensenss alpha, the value of alpha not only depends on the return of the fund but also on the risk associated with that fund. Value of alpha should be always positive.

67

COMPARISION OF TREYNOR, SHARPE & JENSENS INDEX

RANK 1

TREYNOR UTI MNC Fundgrowth

RANK 1

SHARPE UTI MNC Fundgrowth

RANK 1

JENSEN UTI MNC Fund-growth

ICICI Prudential Tax PlanGrowth

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth

ICICI Prudential Tax PlanGrowth

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

ICICI Prudential Tax PlanGrowth

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund

68

ICICI Prudential Power PlanGrowth

ICICI Prudential Power PlanGrowth

ICICI Prudential Power PlanGrowth

Reliance Growth FundGrowth Plan

Birla Sun Life Buy India FundGrowth

Birla Sun Life Buy India FundGrowth

10

Birla Sun Life Buy India FundGrowth

10

Reliance Growth FundGrowth Plan

10

Reliance Growth FundGrowth Plans

Table 6.12 ANALYSIS The fact that Sharpe uses Standard deviation as a measurement of risk which is the total risk and Treynor uses Beta or systematic risk, but yet it is claimed that, if we are examining a well-diversified portfolio, the rankings should be similar for all three methods. Due to this interesting theory we have decided to analyse the performance of the portfolios and they will be ranked identically according to all three; Sharpes, Treynors and Jensens performance measurement. UTI MNC Fund growth get 1st rank from all three method. From this analysis we have found out similarity in Sharpe and Jensens model because more schemes are on similar positions in these two models. Another reason behind this is that Sharpe measures total risk and Jensen measures the predictive ability of manager, where manager always consider total risk while selecting the security. Due to this reason both models indicate similar positions for more schemes.

69

CHAPTER - 7
RESULTS AND FINDINGS

70

The study done on the performance evaluation of Indian mutual funds was fruitful as all the objectives of the study were successfully achieved. The following are the findings from this study.

The schemes selected for the study gave returns in synchronization with the markets. When there was boom in the stock market the funds gave positive returns a little more than what the market had given. During the recessionary phase the markets declined steadily and so did the fund returns. Overall the fund returns and the market returns, for the period of 1 year taken into consideration for this study.

Mostly all the mutual fund schemes are able to beat the market. That means the schemes are well diversified. From the entire 10 schemes best scheme is UTI MNC fund growth because in all the three models it stands on 1st rank and also it provides good return.

From this analysis we have found out similarity in Sharpe and Jensens model because more schemes are on similar positions in these two models. Another reason behind this is that Sharpe measures total risk and Jensen measures the predictive ability of manager, where manager always consider total risk while selecting the security. Due to this reason both models indicate similar positions for more schemes.

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CHAPTER - 8
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

72

We have selected 5 fund houses out of 46 fund houses due to time constrains. We have not studied all types of mutual fund of 46 fund houses. We have studied only equity growth fund. We also have not studied all schemes of 5 mutual fund houses. These schemes we have selected randomly.

Since the funds selected for this study were open ended equity based growth mutual funds the fund composition kept on changing over the time period, so it became difficult to understand the fund properties as historical data pertaining to the fund composition was not available.

Because of unavailability of historical data and fund composition it was difficult to ascertain the performance of the fund properties and a simple evaluation was done against the market performance.

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CHAPTER - 9
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

74

Mutual funds are one of the most highly growing products in financial services market. Mutual funds are suitable for all types of investors from risk adverse to risk bearer. Mutual funds have many options of return, risk free return, constant return, market associated returned. mutual funds are suitable to all age of investors, businessmen, salary person, etc. Investors need not to be expert in equity market; mutual funds can satisfy their need. Fund managers are expert in this area and invest fund in well diversified portfolio, high return with low risk is possible inn mutual fund. In todays world, investors are showing more trust in mutual fund than any other financial product. There is no need of a financial consultant, if you have good knowledge of mutual funds and their type to invest. Mutual fund is subject to market risk, despite of that it have low risk than stock market. This is proved in performance evaluation section of this report. Performance evaluation measurement ratios i.e. Treynors, Sharpes and Jensens are used by fund managers to take decision of investment and to diversify portfolio. Mutual Fund is subject to market risk, analyzing particular fund before investing.

Study historical return of funds, risk measurement ratios to evaluate fund.

There should be similarity in your and funds objective.

For high return invest in diversified funds, for tax saving invest in ELSS equity funds, for moderate risk and return invest in balance funds, for assure return invest in debt and liquid funds.

As per our opinion, investor should invest around 30% in mutual fund.

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ANNEXURE

76

Appendix-1

1.1 RETURNS OF MUTUAL FUNDS FOR THE YEAR 2010 HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 1.6 6.3 18 -0.7

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4 HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

MUTUALFUND RETURN 2 5.2 16.2 0.8

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 1.1 7.9 15.4 -1

77

UTI MNC Fund-growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 3.6 8.5 10.6 -1.2

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 1.3 5.2 16.5 -1

ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 4 3.2 13 -0.1

78

ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 1.6 2.7 15.4 -0.9

Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN -0.9 9.2 16.1 -4.3

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 2.2 2.9 13.9 -1.6

79

Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan

Quarter 1 2 3 4

MUTUALFUND RETURN 1.8 3.4 11.6 -3.4

1.2 RETURN OF INDEX FOR THE YEAR 2010

Quarter 1 2 3 4

INDEX -0.83212576 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

80

Appendix 2
2.1 CALCULATION OF BETA Beta is the measure of volatility of a stock, fund, portfolio, etc with respect to the market. If the beta is positive then the fund returns are directly proportional to the market returns and if the beta is negative then the fund returns are inversely proportional to the market.

Formula:

Where, a = fund beta Cov (ra,rp) = covariance of the returns of the fund and the market, Var rp = variance of the market returns.

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 1.6 6.3 18 -0.7

Index Reurn -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

1.056558

81

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 2 5.2 16.2 0.8

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

0.912301

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 1.1 7.9 15.4 -1

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

0.972227

UTI MNC Fund-growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 3.6 8.5 10.6 -1.2

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

0.43778

82

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 1.3 5.2 16.5 -1

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

0.967288

ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 4 3.2 13 -0.1

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

0.462186

ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 1.6 2.7 15.4 -0.9

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

0.823094

83

Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return -0.9 9.2 16.1 -4.3

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

1.178632

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund-Growth

Quarter

Mutual Fund Return 2.2 2.9 13.9 -1.6

Index Return

Beta

1 2 3 4

-0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972 0.662666

Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan

Quarter 1 2 3 4

Mutual Fund Return 1.8 3.4 11.6 -3.4

Index Return -0.832125759 7.45889986 10.38704985 7.3703972

Beta

0.538042

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2.1 CALCULATION OF STANDARD DEVIATION

Standard Deviation is a tool which measures the variability of data the set. It is calculated to measure the riskiness of a fund, stock or portfolio. Higher the standard deviation means higher the risk and higher the returns of the asset and a low standard deviation mans that the asset is less risky and will generate less returns. The standard deviation of the fund returns are calculated with the following formula:

Where, S = Standard Deviation N = number of quarters in the period

X = mean of the periods return

Xi = return of the corresponding week.

HDFC Equity Fund-Growth Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

1.6 6.3 18 -0.7 x =25.2

6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

-4.7 0 11.7 -7

22.09 0 136.89 49 ( x - x ) =207.9

7.21

85

HDFC Long Term Advantage Fund-Growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

2 5.2 16.2 0.8 x =24.2

6.05 6.05 6.05 6.05

-4.05 -0.85 10.15 -5.25

16.4 0.72 103.02 27.56 ( x - x )= 147.7 6.07

HDFC Growth Fund-Growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

1.1 7.9 15.4 -1 x =23.4

5.85 5.85 5.85 5.85

-4.75 2.05 9.55 -6.85

22.5625 4.2025 91.2025 46.9225 ( x - x )= 164.8 6.42

86

UTI MNC Fund-growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

3.6

5.375

-1.775

3.150625

2 3 4 Total

8.5 10.6 -1.2 x =21.5

5.375 5.375 5.375

3.125 5.225 -6.575

9.765625 27.30063 43.23063 ( x - x ) =83.44 4.57

HDFC Top 200 Fund-growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

1.3 5.2 16.5 -1 x = 22

5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

-4.2 -0.3 11 -6.5

17.64 0.09 121 42.25 ( x - x ) =180.9 6.73

87

ICICI Prudential Tax Plan-Growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

4 3.2 13 -0.1 x =20.1

5.025 5.025 5.025 5.025

-1.025 -1.825 7.975 -5.125

1.050625 3.330625 63.60063 26.26563 ( x - x ) =94.24 4.85

ICICI Prudential Power Plan-Growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

1.6 2.7 15.4 -0.9 x =18.8

4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7

-3.1 -2 10.7 -5.6

9.61 4 114.49 31.36 ( x - x ) =159.4 6.31

88

Birla Sun Life Buy India Fund-Growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

-0.9 9.2 16.1 -4.3 x =20.1

5.025 5.025 5.025 5.025

-5.925 4.175 11.075 -9.325

35.10563 17.43063 122.6556 86.95563 ( x - x ) =262.1 8.1

Birla Sun Life long Advantage Fund-Growth

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

2.2 2.9 13.9 -1.6 x =17.4

4.35 4.35 4.35 4.35

-2.15 -1.45 9.55 -5.95

4.6225 2.1025 91.2025 35.4025 ( x - x ) =133.3 5.77

89

Reliance Growth Fund-Growth Plan

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

1.8 3.4 11.6 -3.4 x =13.4

3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35

-1.55 0.05 8.25 -6.75

2.4025 0.0025 68.0625 45.5625 ( x - x ) =116 5.39

Market Return

Quarter

(x- x )

( x - x )

Standard deviation

1 2 3 4 Total

-0.83 7.46 10.39 7.37 24.38

6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

-6.93 1.35 4.28 1.27

48.05 1.84 18.37 1.61 69.89 4.18

90

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91

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www.ssrn.com, paper no.876402 and PP. 1-19 Bhattacharjee,Kaushik and Prof. Roy,Bijan (2006), Fund Performance Measurement Without Benchmark - A Case Of Select Indian Mutual Funds, www.ssrn.com, paper no.962035 and PP. 1-10

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Websites
www.articlebase.com www.amfiindia.com www.financeresearch.net www.finance.indiamart.com www.bseindia.com www.nseindia.com www.karvy.com www.moneycontrol.com www.mutualfundsindia.com www.amfiindia.com www.ssrn.com

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