Protozoa Genus And Species Etiologic agent of: Paroxysm Type of RBC and effects Schizogonic cycle o Young

Trophozoite (T) o Growing T o Mature T o Young Schizont (S) o Growing S o Mature Schizont;
o total # of merozoite

1 2 3 Normal size RBC, pleomorphic forms, appliqu or accole Presence of stippling

Plasmodium falciparum Malignant tertian, sub tertian 36-48 hrs Both young and Old; NO change in RBCs size Normal size RBC, Ring Form Slightly larger RBC; amoeboid cytoplasm Enlarged RBC, 2 chromatin dots (CD) 3-11 chromatin dots Enlarged RBC; haphazardly arranged 1224 chromatin dots; 12-24 merozoites Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots located peripherally Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots located peripherally Schuffners dots; Fine, yellow pigment + (Recurrence) None yet 8 days 8-31 days Chloroquine, Quinine, Amodiaquine, Pyrimethamines, Primaquine None yet Plasmodia 10 Gametocytes Sporogeny Sporozoite Man Sporozoite Schizogeny Skin Merozoites 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 MOT Means of Locomotion Habitat Pathogenic stage Pathogenesis Life chances Diagnosis
Determinant/s of Increased Susceptibility Determinant/s of decreased Susceptibility

Sporozoa ! Haemosporina Plasmodium vivax Benign Tertian 48 hrs Young like Reticulocytes; Enlarged except in young trophozoite

Plasmodium ovale Ovale malaria 48 hrs -

Plasmodium malariae Quartan Malariae 72 hrs Matured RBC; No change in RBCs size

Presence of stippling

Presence of stipling

o Microgametocyte o Macrogametocyte 4 5 6 7 8 Pre-patent Period Usual Incubation Period Treatment Drug resistance Definitive Host Infective stage to DH Life cycle in DH Cycle result in DH Intermediate Host Infective stage to IH Life cycle in IH POE Cycle result in IH 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Documented 8-12 days 7-27 days Quinine, Pyrimethamines, Primaquine Some strains are resistant to Chloroquine and Amodiaquine Anopheles mosquito
Hypnozoites and secondary exo-erythrocyte phase Transplacental Infection

Stippling Malarial Pigments - (Recrudescence)

3-17 chromatin dots 18-24-32 Chromatin dots; 18-24-32 merozoites Kidney/Lima bean shape; Diffuse Chromatin dots Crescent shaped; Compact chromatin dots Maurers, Christophers, Garnhams dots; Dark to Black aggregates

James dots + (Recurrence)

3-5 Chromatin dots Normal size RBC; 6-12 CD in rosette; 6-12 merozoites Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots located peripherally Enlarged RBC, mass of chromatin dots located peripherally Ziemanns dots Coarse, Brown pigment

- (Recrudescence)

None yet 14 days 26-37 days Same None yet

Same

None yet

(Anopheles) Mosquito bite, Blood

None (obligate intracellular)

RBC, Hepatocytes

Trophozoite, Merozoite

TMTM (too many to mention)

ID of organism in Blood smear Direct Blood smear, Fields stain, Quantitative Buffy coat analysis, Acridine orange Method

Duffy factor

G6PD Deficiency trait, PABA deficiency, Sickle cell anemia trait