ASSIGNMENT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SUBMITTED BYMADHURA A. MHATRE SYMMS- A

Google
In late 1998, when Marissa Mayer first heard about a small outfit called Google, she barely batted an eye. The Stanford University grad student was urged by her adviser to pay a visit to two guys on the computer science building's fourth floor who were developing ways to analyze the World Wide Web. But Internet startups were as common as hay fever in Silicon Valley. Mayer, then 23, was leaning toward taking a teaching gig at Carnegie Mellon University. And the thought of joining up with the university's techies wasn't exactly appealing. "I knew about the Stanford PhD types," she muses. "They love to Rollerblade. They eat pizza for breakfast. They don't shower much. And they don't say 'Sorry' when they bump into you in the hallway." Fortunately for both Google Inc. (GOOG ) and Mayer, she had a change of heart. A headhunter persuaded her to reconsider the search startup, and she ended up joining Google in early 1999, as a programmer and roughly its 20th employee. Since then, Mayer has emerged as a powerful force inside the high-flying company. Her title, director of consumer Web products, belies her power and influence as a champion of innovation. Mayer has her hands on virtually everything the average Google user sees -- from the look of its Web pages to new software for searching your hard drive. And she helps decide which new initiatives get the attention of the company's founders and which don't. It's no small task. Co-founders Larry E. Page and Sergey Brin have long declared their mission is to "organize the world's information." Yet only in recent months has the staggering scope of their ambition come into full relief. Google is moving to digitize the world's libraries, to offer all comers free voice calls, to provide satellite images of the world, and perhaps to give away wireless broadband service to millions of people. Google really seems to believe it can make every bit of information available to anyone anywhere, and direct all those bits -- whether text, audio, or video -- through its computers before they hit users' brains.

You tube
YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, who were all early employees of PayPal. Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, while Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, while Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible". YouTube began as a venture-funded technology startup, primarily from a $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006YouTube's early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www.youtube.com was activated on February 14, 2005, and the website was developed over the subsequent months. The first YouTube video was entitled Me at the zoo, and shows founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23, 2005, and can still be viewed on the site YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005, six months before the official launch in November 2005. The site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. According to data published by market research company comScore, YouTube is the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of around 43 percent and more than 14 billion videos viewed in May 2010. YouTube says that over 48 hours of new videos are uploaded to the site every minute, and that around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S. The site has eight hundred million unique users a month. It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. Alexa ranks YouTube as the third most visited website on the Internet, behind Google and Facebook.[ The choice of the name www.youtube.com led to problems for a similarly named website, www.utube.com. The owner of the site, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being overloaded on a regular basis by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www.utubeonline.com. In October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006. Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. Visitors to YouTube

spend an average of fifteen minutes a day on the site, in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical U.S. citizen watching television. In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with MGM, Lions Gate Entertainment, and CBS, allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site, accompanied by advertisements in a section for US viewers called "Shows". The move was intended to create competition with websites such as Hulu, which features material from NBC, Fox, and Disney. In November 2009, YouTube launched a version of "Shows" available to UK viewers, offering around 4,000 full-length shows from more than 60 partners. In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service, which is currently available only to users in the US, Canada and the UK. The service offers over 6,000 films. YouTube's current headquarters in San Bruno, California

Yahoo
In the spring of 1994 Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen founded Mosaic Communications. At that time Jerry Yang and David Filo were just graduated students who were looking for a job. In a busy office, located at the campus of Stanford University and not far from the laboratories where Sun Microsystems, Cisco and Silicon Graphics had once started to create a history, Yang and Filo used to spend their afternoons devoted to surfing on the Web. Filo was the one who discovered the existence of the Mosaic browser shortly after it had appeared on the Web. They were both attracted by the new browser. In order to keep track of all the visited pages by topic, they made their Jerrys fast track to Mosaic. It was divided into topics such as News, Health, Science, Arts, Recreation, Business and Economics. Simply a consumer service, nothing more than an exhaustive index to all who had the direction of Yang and Filos Guide in Stanfords computer network. It was mostly text, devoid of flashy graphics and flashing icons. He was armed by hand, included searches of Web pages that otherwise had time to locate. The Mosaic browser, created by Andreessen and his friends from Illinois, was the product of a fine technology and ultimate design features. According to many writers who focus their books on the history of the Silicon Valley and thriving companies, including the present web hero, Yang and Filo created the expanded directory, because they were surprised by the fact that nobody had ever thought of compiling the information. Jerrys fast track to Mosaic became a well known name such as Wal-Mart and the subsequent replacements were not much better, Jerry Yangs Guide to the WWW and Jerry and Daves Guide to the World Wide Web . Yang and Filo decided to substitute all of them with something more suitable for humans perceptions. Yahoo! this is undoubtedly a word that conveys such a meaning. This is how todays most famous web directory has been created. Both Yang and Fillo received a lucrative offer from a group of investors who were willing to give one million dollars for Yahoo!, but they rejected the proposal, because they were sure that they would go further and establish a proper business model. This turned out to be one of the wisest decisions they had made and Yahoo would become one of the most successful companies in the field of technology in the next few years. Later other directories appeared on the Internet: Lycos, Infoseek, Architext, WebCrawler, some of which were more suitable for certain searches, but none of them managed to reach the number of followers of Yahoo.