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1
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Compounds in Aqueous Solution
Many reactions involve ionic compounds,
especially reactions in water uqueous
soIutions,
KMnO
4
in water
K
+
(aq) + MnO
4
-
(aq)
2
An Ionic
Compound
CuCI
Z
in
Wuter
CCR, page 149
3
How do we know ions are
present in aqueous
solutions?
The solutions conduct
eIectricity|
They are called
ELECTROLYTES
HCl, MgCl
2
, and NaCl are
strong eIectroIytes.
They dissociate
completely (or nearly so)
into ions.
Aqueous SoIutions
4
HCl, MgCl
2
, and NaCl are strong
eIectroIytes. They dissociate completely
(or nearly so) into ions.
Aqueous SoIutions
5
Aqueous SoIutions
Acetic acid ionizes only to a small extent, so
it is a weuk eIectroIyte,
CH
3
CO
2
H(aq) ---> CH
3
CO
2
-
(aq) + H
+
(aq)
6
Aqueous
SoIutions
Acetic acid ionizes only
to a small extent, so it
is a weuk
eIectroIyte,
CH
3
CO
2
H(aq) --->
CH
3
CO
2
-
(aq) + H
+
(aq)
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7
Aqueous
SoIutions
Some compounds
dissolve in water but
do not conduct
electricity. They are
called noneIectroIytes,
Examples include:
sugar
ethanol
ethylene glycol
8
ChemicuI Reuctions in Wuter
5ectinns 5.2 & 5.4-5.6CD-ROM Ch. 5
We will look at
EXCHANSE
REACTIONS
AX + BY AY + BX
Pb(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + 2 KI(aq)
----> PbI
2
(s) + 2 KNO
3
(aq)
The anions
exchange places
between cations.
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Precipitution Reuctions
The driving force is the formation of an
insoluble compound a precipitate.
Pb(NO
3
)
2
(aq) + 2 KI(aq) ----->
2 KNO
3
(aq) + PbI
2
(s)
Net ionic equation
Pb
2+
(aq) + 2 I
-
(aq) ---> PbI
2
(s)
10
Acid-use Reuctions
The driving force is the formation of water.
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) --->
NaCl(aq) + H
2
O(liq)
Net ionic equation
OH
-
(aq) + H
+
(aq)
---> H
2
O(liq)
This applies to ALL reactions of STRONG
acids and bases.
11 Acid-Base Reactions
CCR, page 162
12
Acid-use Reuctions
A-B reactions are sometimes called
NEUTRALIZATIONS because the solution is
neither acidic nor basic at the end.
The other product of the A-B reaction is a SALT, MX.
HX + MOH ---> MX + H
2
O
M
n+
comes from base & X
n-
comes from acid
This is one way to make compounds!
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13
Sus-Forming Reuctions
This is primarily the chemistry of metal
carbonates.
CO
2
and water ---> H
2
CO
3
H
2
CO
3
(aq) + Ca
2+
--->
2 H
+
(aq) + CaCO
3
(s) (limestone)
Adding acid reverses this reaction.
MCO
3
+ acid ---> CO
2
+ salt
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Sus-Forming
Reuctions
CaCO
3
(s) + H
2
SO
4
(aq) --->
2 CaSO
4
(s) + H
2
CO
3
(aq)
Carbonic acid is unstable and forms CO
2
& H
2
O
H
2
CO
3
(aq) ---> CO
2
+ water
(Antacid tablet has citric acid + NaHCO
3
)
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