COLE PORTER

born June 9, 1891, Peru, Ind., U.S.died Oct. 15, 1964, Santa Monica, Calif.) U.S. composer and lyricist. Porter was born to an affluent family and studied violin and piano as a child and composed an operetta at age 10. As a student at Yale University he composed about 300 songs, including Bulldog; he went on to study law and then music at Harvard. He made his Broadway debut with the musical comedy See America First (1916). In 1917 he went to France and became an itinerant playboy; though rather openly homosexual, he married a wealthy divorce. He wrote songs for the Broadway success Paris (1928), and this led to a series of his own hit musicals, including Anything Goes (1934), Red, Hot and Blue (1934), Kiss Me, Kate (1948), CanCan (1953), and Silk Stockings (1955). Porter also worked on a number of films, such as High Society (1956). His witty, sophisticated songs, for which he wrote both words and music, include Night and Day, I Get a Kick Out of You, Begin the Beguine, and I've Got You Under My Skin. Porter's large output might have been even more vast had not a riding accident in 1937 necessitated 30 operations and eventually the amputation of a leg

F.SCOTT FITGERALD
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896, in St. Paul, Minnesota. His prename, Francis Scott Key, was given to him to honor his distant ancestor who wrote the National Anthem. Fitzgerald's father, Edward Fitzgerald, was from Maryland while his mother, Mary McQuillan, was the daugher of an Irish-Catholic immigrant Fitzgerald entered St. Paul Academy when he was a boy, and started to write for the school newspaper when he was thirteen. During 1911-1913, he attended the Newman School, a Catholic Prep School in New Jersey. There, he met Father Sigourney Fay, who encouraged him to pursue his ambitions and to achieve personal success and distinction. Afterwards, he entered Princeton University, where he grew on his writing abilities by writing for school media. However, he neglected his studies and was put on academic probation. In 1917, Fitzgerald joined the army to fight in World War I. In June of 1918, he was assigned to Camp Sheridan in Alabama. There, he fell in love with Zelda Sayre. After being turned down during a marriage proposal due to his lack of success, Fitzgerald returned to St. Paul to begin work on his novel, This Side of Paradise. His novel was published in March of 1920, and he instantly became a success. He had gained the kind of success and wealth that he had desired for so long, and in a short time, he and Zelda married in New York. He moved to an apartment in New York City where he wrote his second novel, The Beautiful and the Damned. After Zelda became pregnant in 1921, they settled down back in St. Paul. And in October of 1921, their daughter, Frances Scott Fitzgerald, was born. In order to escape the distractions of New York, Fitzgerald moved to France in 1924 to work on his novel, The Great Gatsby. When the novel was published in 1925, the sales were fairly disappointing, but theater and movie deals brought in more income The Fitzgeralds returned to the United States in 1927, but Zelda's unconventional behavior had become very eccentric. During 1930, Zelda's physical and mental condition had deteriorated to the point where she suffered a mental breakdown in April of 1930. She entered the Prangins clinic to receive psychiatric treatment for her mental illness. As a result, Fitzgerald had to suspend his novel writing to write short stories to pay for her costly treatment.

In 1934, Fitzgerald's final attempt at a hit novel, Tender Is the Night, was published in hopes that he could earn enough for Zelda and his daughter. However like The Great Gatsby, its sales were disappointing. And by 1936, Fitzgerald was ill, drunk, and in debt. So he headed off to Hollywood in 1937 hoping to become a prominent screenplay writer. However, the only screen credit he received was for the film, Three Comrades. After failing in Hollywood, Fitzgerald fell in love with the young columnist, Sheilah Graham. After MGM dropped his options in 1938, Fitzgerald returned to novel writing. He had worked on The Love of the Last Tycoon, but Fitzgerald died from an unfortunate heart attack in Sheilah's apartment on December 21, 1940. Although Fitzgerald's writing was not considered to be of high quality, because of the long held belief that he was an irresponsible writer. But then during the late 1940's, a revival of Fitzgerald's works made both him and his works more appreciated. And by the 1960s, Fitzgerald had secured a place in literary history as one of the most prominent writers ever.

JOSEPHINE
Born Freda Josephine McDonald on June 3, 1906, Baker began her career as part of a dance group in St. Louis before moving to New York to perform at Harlem's Cotton Club. In 1925, she moved to Paris and was a huge success in the Folies Bergere. Josephine Baker traveled to Paris in 1925 to appear in La Revue Ngre. She made quite an impression with this show on French audiences. But it was performing in the Folies Bergre the following year that really made her career. She appeared wearing a skirt made of bananas and wowed the crowds with her style of dancing. She later added singing to her act and remained popular in France for many years to come. Josephine Baker traveled to Paris in 1925 to appear in La Revue Ngre. She made quite an impression with this show on French audiences. But it was performing in the Folies Bergre the following year that really made her career. She appeared wearing a skirt made of bananas and wowed the crowds with her style of dancing. She later added singing to her act and remained popular in France for many years to come. Josephine Baker returned the affection of French people, becoming a French citizen in 1937. In France, she did not feel the same level of racial prejudice that was prevalent in the United States at the time. In the 1950s, Baker took up the cause of racial equality in America, and was among those who addressed the crowds before the Lincoln Memorial at the end of the 1963 March on Washington. Near the end of her life, Josephine Baker hoped to create a "world village" at her estate in France, but these plans collapsed under financial debts. To raise funds, she returned to the stage. This comeback included a short, but triumphant run on Broadway in the 1970s. In 1975, she opened in Paris in a retrospective show. She died on April 12 of a brain hemorrhage, a week after the show opened.

ERNEST HEMINGWAY
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution. During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter.

Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith. His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories, some of which are collected in Men Without Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in Idaho in 1961

JUAN BELMONTE
Born in the Triana area of Seville, Belmonte began his bullfighting career in 1908, touring around Spain in a children's bullfighting group called Los Nios Sevillanos. As an adult, his technique was unlike that of previous matadors; he stood erect and nearly motionless, and always stayed within inches of the bull, unlike previous matadors, who stayed far from the animal to avoid the horns. As a result of this daring technique, Belmonte was frequently gored, sustaining many serious wounds. One such incident occurred during a November, 1927 bullfight in Barcelona, Spain. Belmonte was gored through his chest and pinned against a wall. Several other toreros rescued him. Among the spectators that day were the King and Queen of Spain and the Infanta Beatriz.[ Belmonte's rivalry with Joselito (a.k.a. Gallito), another contender for the appellation "greatest matador of all time", from 1914 to 1920 is known as the Golden Age of Bullfighting. The era was cut short when Joselito was fatally gored

GERTRUDE STEIN
Gertrude Stein (Alleghany, 1874-Neuilly-sur-Seine, 1946) American writer. Study psicologa With W. James medicine at Harvard and Johns Hopkins (Baltimore). In 1903 in Paris Install in SA and yes His residence became a meeting place of writers (Apollinaire, Cocteau) and avant-garde painters (Matisse, Picasso). A COLLECTION Important meetings n of Modern Art in the Twenty year os, exercised great influence on U.S. Paso Writers in Europe (Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway). It hiza famous for his experiments sticos linga, Qualified For critics of deep UNOS, considered for other examples of "In the ininteligible worship." Words of His dislocating Common Associations, sought to restore their strength and their original meanings, USABA punctuation. That Convenia the Rhythm of the prayer n. Other Works ITS notable are: Three Lives (1909), The Making of Americans (1925), autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933), paragraphs, France (1940), War than they Qu Views (1945) and The Way Things Son (1950).

PABLO PICASSO
Pablo Diego Jos Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mara de los Remedios Cipriano de the Holy Trinity and Picasso1 Martyr Patricio Ruiz was a Spanish painter and sculptor. (Malaga, October 25, 1881 - Mougins (France), April 8, 1973). One of the major artists of the twentieth century. Founded with Georges Braque and Juan Gris, the Cubist movement. It is considered one of the greatest artists of the twentieth century. And was involved in the genesis of many artistic movements that spread throughout the world and thus exerted a great influence on many other great artists of his time. Tirelessly prolific, painted more than 2000 works surviving in museums across Europe and worldwide. Brilliant and precocious student, Picasso passed the entrance examination at the School of Fine

Arts in Barcelona at the age of 14 years in one day and was allowed to skip the first two classes. According to one of the many legends about the artist's life, his father, recognizing the extraordinary talent of his son to see his first child labor, gave him his brushes and palette and vowed never to paint again in your life. "Unlike music, there are no child prodigies in painting. What people perceive as premature genius is the genius of childhood. It gradually disappears as they get older. That child may become a real painter one day, maybe even a great painter. But would have to start from scratch. Therefore, as far as I'm concerned, I was not a genius. My first drawings have never been shown in an exhibition of children's drawings. I lacked the clumsiness of a child, his naivety. I made academic drawings at the age of seven, with a precision of which frightened me. - Picasso Politically, Picasso declared pacifist and communist, was a member of the French Communist Party until his death.2 He died on April 8, 1973 in Notre-Dame-de-Vie (Mougins, France) at 91 years old and is buried in the park of the castle of Vauvenargues (Bouches-du-Rhone).

Djuna Barnes
(Cornawll-on-the-Hudson, 1892 - New York, 1980) American writer. After being educated privately by his father and grandmother, she moved to New York to study art. He quickly becomes part of the vanguard of Greenwich Village, where he met, among others, R. Frost, O'Neill, M. Loy, G. Stein, M. Moore. Around the twenties, like almost all American writers and artists, he moved to Paris. During the interwar years, attended the leading figures from film and literature, from Charlie Chaplin and Marcel Duchamp to James Joyce, Ezra Pound, Alexis Carrel, S. E. Beckett Hermingway. At that time also frequented the salon of Natalie Clifford Barney, with the name of Dame Musset, will become the star of Ladies Almanack (1928), delicious satire on Parisian female homosexuality, in which Barnes, fascinated by the model archaic prose, rhetoric and bold, began his experiment of the poetic word as a stylistic device. In Paris and later in Berlin, Barnes is contacted with the most important twentieth-century movements symbolism, expressionism, surrealism, Imagism. His acquaintance with Joyce is decisive for the formation of Barnes. His writing is built on the desire to break down barriers between genres. In 1929 he collected his stories in A Night Among the Horses and reworked in The spillway (Spillway, 1962). A year earlier he had published his novel Ryder. But Barnes's masterpiece is The Nightwood (Nightwood, 1936). one of the mythical novels of our century. In an environment of phantasmagoria, ranging from the aristocracy, the golden bohemian world of the circus, it embodies the essential enigma of the human condition in the pathetic figure of the young Robin Vote, fascinated by the attraction of the abyss, and the three people who dispute his love: the Jewish Baron Felix Volkbein false, the loyal Nora Flood and Jenny Petherbridge's hungry. The Paris of 1927 is center stage this confrontation-in which is central to the flamboyant Dr. Mathew O'Cnnor-intensity Dostoevsky, a novel of great poetic beauty, with a veiled reference to Poe and Faulkner. In this novel, Eliot said in the preface to it: "what I want is to leave the reader ready to discover the excellence of style, the beauty of the phrase, the brilliance of wit and characterization, and a sense of horror and doom worthy of Elizabethan tragedy. " In 1958 he published The Antiphon, a verse drama dedicated to Edwin Muir, occurring in England during the Second World War, and reminiscent of The Cocktail Party and The Family Reunion, Eliot. In 1985 the U.S.

SALVADOR DALI

Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali was born on May 11 1904 in Figueres, a small town in the Catalan province of Gerona in the north of Spain. He was the son of Felipa Domenech and Salvador Dal, Figueras notary. Some works were represented as one of the famous Surrealist, as "The Great Masturbator, the specter of sex appeal, the fire grim and persistence of memory. During his second trip in Paris in 1929, during the filming of Buuel film "An Andalusian Dog", in which the script is active Dali, Miro entered the Surrealist group. For the first time, found the young Russian girl Helena Diakonova, Gala, who was the wife of his friend Paul Eluard, surrealist poet. During this short stay Gala and Dal fell in love. In 1930, Dal works to his work the invisible man, that would eliminate definitely finish it three years later. At the same time, he writes, illustrates and publishes the Visible Woman, who spent Gala. Earlier this year, in July, the magazine Surrealism in the public service of the revolution "Dream" a text of the most important of Dali. The most celebrated of Dali painting, "Persistence of Memory". Gala civil marriage was made in Paris in January 1934. Dal had anticipated the conflict in premonition of civil war and cannibalism painted shortly after the fall. Since that year, Dal's surrealism away. Write the secret life of Salvador Dali. In the forties, very important date works as "Self-portrait with bacon roasted loose", "bread basket". He makes his first jewelry inspired by nostalgic memories of the Renaissance. Following those developments, denounced Breton too commercial character of Dal. Consequently, Dali surrealist group was excluded and his answer was blunt: "Surrealism is me." Then he painted some famous paintings, "Christ of St. John of the Cross", "Galatea with spheres", "Corpus Hypercubus", "The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus" and "The Last Supper". In December, presented at the Palais de Glace l 'Ovocipde, conquering revolutionary means of transport in one area may contain an empty plastic passenger. In 1963, the tragic myth of Millet's ngaelus be published thirty years later. In May the following year was the publication of the diary of a genius. In the following year published the erotic metamorphosis, which is the summit of the paranoid critical method. Dali is interested in holography. and consequently in the following year introduced the first Chronolograma. Salvador Dali died on January 23, 1989 at Torre Galatea in Figueres. According to his will, was buried near the theater-museum Dal

MAN RAY
His real name was Emmanuel Radnitzky. Born in 1890 in Philadelphia (United States) of Jewish family, his father was from Kiev, Ukraine and his mother from Minsk, Belarus. His family moved to New York in 1897. Man Ray studied at the High School and School of Fine Arts Center of NY Social Francisco. In 1913 he painted his first cubist painting, a portrait of Alfred Stieglitz. In 1915 became the first one-man-show, with which his name became famous in America as one of the first abstract painters. Acquires his first camera to make reproductions of his paintings. With Duchamp participates in photographic and cinematographic experiments and the publication of the single of New York Dada. Powered by Duchamp, Man Ray moved to Paris in 1921, with the exception of 10 years (between 1940 and 1951) who

lived in Hollywood during World War II, spent the rest of his life there. Caught the attention with his first abstract pictures, which he named rayograms. Mistakenly considered the inventor of the technique applied for it, which had previously experienced other artists, including Talbot (about 1840) and Schad (1918). He published 12 of his rayograms under "delicieux Champs." Possessing a great imagination, and always at the forefront of the avant-garde, he worked with all possible means: painting, sculpture, photography and films. Man Ray died in France in 1976 and is buried in the cemetery of Montparnasse. LUIS BUUEL (Calanda, 1900 - Mexico City, 1983) Spanish film director, one of the greatest figures in cinema history. His father, Manuel Leonardo Buuel was a fantastic Indian returning from Cuba enriched and settled in Calanda, used to relate numerous adventures to locals and illusory said with bravado that would be for him the most beautiful woman of the people. The choice was a delicate girl, who played the piano and she was seventeen tender years, Portols named Mary, for whom he built a sumptuous mansion. Was not yet finished the house when Mary gave birth to her first son, Luis, just shortly before they began the Easter holidays 1900. Among the earliest memories of Luis Buuel is the scene, truly feudal, groups of beggars who came to the door of your home to beg for a biscuit and a dime. Those who knew him as a child have his numerous pranks, as a break with other boys that lasted more than a day and whose routes passed through the niches of the cemetery and ended in a sordid, dark cave. There broke out cries and tears, so to reassure his colleagues Luis offered in sacrifice to be eaten. Fortunately this was not necessary and could return without mishap to his house, where, however, pilgrims continue playing games, such as saying solemn Mass before the rapt audience of young parishioners. He returned to Spain to direct Viridiana (1961), with an argument based on a novel by Prez Galds, like his other Spanish film, Tristana (1970). The final stage of his career is French, and she analyzed the bourgeoisie presenting a complete picture of the destruction, deception and illusion. The fascination with a full repertoire of symbols is specified in the three films produced Serge Silberman (The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, 1972-Oscar Hollywood, The Phantom of Liberty, 1974, and That Obscure Object of Desire, 1977 ) ..

T.S. ELIOT (Thomas Stearns Eliot, known as TS Eliot, St. Louis, 1888 - London, 1965) Poet, playwright and English critic. When he went to study at Harvard, Eliot made numerous typical readings, more than what is commonly believed, the Boston learned of the years before World War: Henry James, Donne and the metaphysical, Browning, Dante and Elizabethan theater. To these was added in 1908 the book by Arthur Symons, The Symbolist Movement in Literature, which led to the knowledge of the "Poets maudits", particularly Laforgue and Corbiere. Eliot's familiarity with the French Symbolists increased following his 1911 trip to Europe where he first studied at the Sorbonne and then at Oxford. In England he worked for some time as a bank clerk, but soon devoted himself exclusively to literature. In his first poetic work, The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock (The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, 1917), French influence is evident, particularly Laforgue. Despite this, and the affinity of the dramatic monologue with some little poems of Browning, such as My Last Duchess, in said composition Eliot breaks with the tradition of nineteenth-century poetry itself, at least as the elimination of the elements "poetic."

His desire to find a suitable technical means led him to compose another little poem, Gerontion (1920), in it, the movement of the lines back and manages to overcome, as no one's got no Swinburne, the barrier Milton-Tennyson's "blank seen "as well as inspired by Shakespeare's last period, Middleton and Webster. Until then the work of Eliot had represented the desire to find himself, the spectacle of spiritual disorder caused by the war helped our poet to recognize their most genuine demands, to achieve the realization of that desire and to consider this fact implicitly internal chaos and literature which were sunk, including disintegration of all spiritual values, the extreme manifestations of Romanticism. Among his recent works include: On Poetry and Poets (From poetry and poets), 1957, the drama The Elder Statesman (The Elder Statesman, 1958), the publication in 1963 of a personal selection of his work poetry entitled Poems (Collected Poems 1909-1962) has seen a large number of editions and translations, and Essays, published in 1965, including all its critical work

HENRI MATISSE
French painter leader of Fauvism. He is considered one of the great personalities in shaping the twentieth-century art, master at expressing feelings through the use of color and form. Matisse was born in Le Cateau-Cambresis, in northern France on December 31, 1869, in the midst of a middle class family. He studied law in Paris between 1887 and 1889. He began to practice law, however, in 1890, while recovering from appendicitis, was attracted to painting In 1892 he abandoned his career as a lawyer and was admitted to the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. His first training conducted within the academic tradition and conservative, so his early style was a conventional form of naturalism, making numerous copies of the pictures of the old masters. In turn, he studied contemporary art, especially that of the Impressionists, starting your own experimentation, which earned him a reputation as a rebellious member of the study classes. The Matisse true artistic liberation, in terms of the use of color to render forms and organize spatial planes, came under the influence of Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh, whose work he studied closely since about 1899. Later, between 1903 and 1904, Matisse encountered the pointillist painting of Henri Edmond Cross and Paul Signac During his last years, due to the difficulty of handling the brush and his state of prostration often, surrendered to decoupage (gouacheados technical papers and trimmed), creating a brilliant colorful paintings. Matisse died in Nice on November 3, 1954. Unlike other artists, had international recognition during his lifetime, enjoying the favor of collectors, art critics and artists of the younger generation. In 1952 Matisse Museum was opened in his hometown.

LEO STEIN
Leo Stein (1872 July 29, 1947) was an American art collector and critic. He was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, the older brother of Gertrude Stein. He became an influential promoter of 20th-century paintings. Beginning in 1892, he studied at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for two years. The following year, he traveled the world with his cousin, Fred. In 1897, he transferred to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, where he graduated with a bachelor of arts degree in 1898 Stein spent a number of years living in Paris with his sister, however, in 1914, the two split due to Leo's infatuation with a woman he described as a kind of abnormal vampire. Stein returned to America to work as a journalist but eventually settled near Florence, Italy, with his long-time love interest, Nina Auzias. They eventually married in 1921. Died of cancer in 1947 in Florence. Auzias committed suicide two years later.

TOULOUSE-LAUTREC.
Toulouse-Lautrec. He was born on November 24, 1864 in Albi, in the midst of an aristocratic family, fond of hunting, riding and painting. His early childhood was spent in the castle in the valley of Viaur. When I was three, his brother Richard was born, and legend has it that Henri, wanting to sign the record of baptism of his brother and not knowing how to write, drew a bull. He spent his adolescence in various populations Occitan and French Catalonia. Two consecutive severe falls caused the defective development of their legs. Back in Paris (1882), joined art groups and was formed by Leon Bonnat and Fernand Cormon. At twenty years, having already known through the work of Emile Bernard Czzanne, opened his own workshop, he met Degas and began exhibiting in group shows. She met Van Gogh later in 1888 and exhibited in Brussels, where he would exhibit in 1892 and 1894. Since its inauguration in 1889 frequented the Parisian cabaret Moulin Rouge, while with his close friend Maurice Joyant, Goupil Gallery had since I became ill Theo Van Gogh. In 1893 he shared an exhibition with Charles Maurin and received advice from Whistler. A tireless traveler, worked and exhibited in various populations of France and in London and visited several European cities. His admiration for Goya and El Greco tear your stay in Madrid and Toledo. In 1899 he was forced to make a cure for two months at a clinic in Neuilly, a product of advanced alcoholism. He took the rest forced to compose a series of drawings entitled At the circus. In 1901, while in Toussant, suffered a paralytic stroke that earned him death. Because of his physical defect Toulouse Lautrec remained somewhat apart from the aristocratic family relationships, finding refuge in alcohol and in the life of cabarets, where he found the main themes of his work Abound also in his drawings of circus scenes, Spectacle ass who was fond, as well as drawings and caricatures of theater artists. Of his paintings outdoors include: Dancer, the lady of the umbrella and the lady's garden. As a painter abound in its production n ta hbridas or unorthodox technique (such as oil paintings on paper or cardboard n), and often the figures is n just fitted and unfinished. Raised from his work the impressive portrait: Carmen, front, Dance at the Moulin Rouge, Moulin Rouge's Walk (pictured), The Portrait of Oscar Wilde, The toilet,. His work patentiza his fervent admiration for Degas, who takes apart a match of policy issue, the audacity of the framing and foreshortening and lengthened the stroke of his paintings in pastel. On August 15, 1901 was suffering an attack of paralysis and 20 her mother moved Castle Malrom , where he died on 9 September 1901, when year No. No there was not complied with the thirty-seven year