South China Sea Islands

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The South China Sea Islands consist of over 250 around 1-km islands, atolls, cays, shoals, reefs, and sandbars in the South China Sea, most of which have no indigenous people, many of which are naturally under water at high tide, some of which are permanently submerged. The features are grouped into three archipelagos (listed by area size), Macclesfield Bank and Scarborough Shoal:

South China Sea

The Spratly Islands, disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Vietnam, with Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines claiming part of the archipelago[1]

The Paracel Islands, disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Vietnam[2]

The Pratas Islands, disputed between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China The Macclesfield Bank, disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Philippines, and the Republic of China

The Scarborough Shoal, disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Philippines, and the Republic of China

There are minerals, natural gas, and oil deposits on the islands and under their nearby seafloor, also an abundance of sealife, such as fish, animals and vegetation traditionally exploited as food by all the claimant nations for thousands of years - mostly without disputes that could risk war. in the 20th Century, since the WW2 settlements failed to resolve ownership of such lesser areas of land, seas and islands, (even Formosa Island) - and because of the economic, military, andtransportational importance - their control, especially that of the Spratlys, has been in dispute between China and several Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnamfrom the mid-20th century onwards. True occupation and control are shared between the claimants. (See Claims and control)
Contents
[hide]

1 History 2 Claims and control 3 Geography 4 Life 5 See also 6 References

o o

6.1 Footnotes 6.2 References sources

[edit]History
The countries with the most extensive activity in the South China Sea Islands are China and Vietnam. In the 19th century, as a part of the occupation of Indochina, France claimed control of the Spratlys until the 1930s, exchanging a few with the British. During World War II, the Islands were annexed byJapan. The People's Republic of China founded in 1949 claimed the islands as part of the province of Canton (Guangdong), and later of the Hainan special administrative region.

[edit]Claims

and control

Main article: Territorial disputes in the South China Sea

Maritime claims in the South China Sea

The Republic of China (ROC) named 132 of the South China Sea Islands in 1932 and 1935. In 1933, ROC government logged official protest to the French government after its occupation of Taiping Island.[3] After World War II, ROC government occupied the islands earlier controlled by the Japanese. In 1947, the Ministry of Interior renamed 149 of the islands. Later in November, the Secretary Department of Guangdong Government was authorized to publish the Map of the South China Sea Islands.

The Japanese and the French renounced their claims as soon as their respective occupations/colonizations ended. In 1958, the People's Republic of China (PRC) issued a declaration defining its territorial waters within what is known as the nine-dotted line which encompassed the Spratly Islands. North Vietnam's prime minister, Phm Vn ng, sent a diplomatic note to Zhou Enlai, stating that "The Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam respects this decision."The diplomatic note was written on September 14 and was publicized on Nhan Dan newspaper (Vietnam) on September 22, 1958. Regarding this letter, there have been many arguments on its true meaning and the reason why Phm Vn ng decided to send it to Zhou Enlai. In an interview with BBC, Dr. Balazs Szalontai provided a detailed analysis of this issue: "The general context of the Chinese declaration was the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, held in 1956, and the resulting treaties signed in 1958, such as the Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. Understandably, the PRC government, though not being a member of the U.N., also wanted to have a say in how these issues were dealt with. Hence the Chinese declaration of September 1958. In these years, as I said before, North Vietnam could hardly afford to alienate China. The Soviet Union did not give any substantial support to Vietnamese reunification, and neither South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem nor the U.S. government showed readiness to give consent to the holding of allVietnamese elections as stipulated by the Geneva Agreements. On the contrary, Diem did his best to suppress the Communist movement in the South. This is why Pham Van Dong felt it necessary to take sides with China, whose tough attitude toward the Asian policies of the U.S. offered some hope. And yet he seems to have been cautious enough to make a statement that supported only the principle that China was entitled for 12-mile territorial seas along its territory but evaded the issue of defining this territory. While the preceding Chinese statement was very specific, enumerating all the islands (including the Paracels and the Spratlys) for which the PRC laid claim, the DRV statement did not say a word about the concrete territories to which this rule was applicable. Still, it is true that in this bilateral territorial dispute between Chinese and Vietnamese interests, the DRV standpoint, more in a diplomatic than a legal sense, was incomparably closer to that of China than to that of South Vietnam".[4] It was also argued that, Pham Van Dong who represented North Vietnam at that time has no legal right to comment on a territorial part which belonged to the South Vietnam represented by Ngo Dinh Diem. Therefore, the letter has no legal value and is considered as a diplomatic document to show the support of the government of North Vietnam to the PRC at that time. In 1959, the islands were put under at the administrative level of banshichu (/) in 1959. In 1988, the banshichu were switched to the administration of the newly-founded Hainan Province. The PRC strongly asserted its claims to the islands, but in the late 1990s, under the new security concept, the PRC put its claims less strongly. According to the Kyodo News, in March 2010 PRC officials told US officials that they consider the South China Sea a "core interest" on par with Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang[5] In July 2010 the Communist Party-controlled Global Times stated that "China will never waive its right to protect its core interest with military means"[6] and a Ministry of Defense spokesman said that "China has indisputable sovereignty of the South Sea and China has sufficient historical and legal backing" to underpin its claims.[7]

On the other hand, Vietnam claims that all the Spratly Islands belong to a district, first in 1973, of the Phuoc Tuy Province, then, of the Khanh Hoa Province. Currently, Vietnam occupies twenty-nine islands or rocks, while the People's Republic of China occupies eight or nine. In addition to the People's Republic of China and Vietnam, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines also claim and occupy some islands. Taiwan claims all the Spratly Islands, but only occupies one island and one shelf including Itu Aba (Taiping). Malaysia occupies three islands on its continental shelf. The Philippines claims most of the Spratlys and calls it the Kalayaan Group of Islands, and they form a distinct municipality in the province of Palawan. The Philippines, however, only occupies eight islands. Brunei claims a relatively small area including islands on Louisa Reef.[8] Indonesia's claims are not on any island, but on maritime rights. (See South China Sea)

[edit]Geography
The islands are located on a shallow humite-layer continental shelf with an average depth of 200 metres. However, in the Spratlys, the sea floor drastically changes its depth, and near the Philippines, the Palawan Trough is more than 5,000 metres deep. Also, there are some parts that are so shallow that navigation becomes difficult, and prone to accidents. The sea floor contains Paleozoic and Mesozoic granite and metamorphic rocks. The abysses are caused by the formation of the Himalayas in the Cenozoic. Except one volcano-island, the islands are made of coral reefs of varying ages and formations.

[edit]Life
There are no known native animals, except boobies and seagulls, who are very common residents on the islands. Their feces can build up to a layer from 10 mm to 1 m annually. There are around 100200 plant species on the Islands altogether. For example, the Paracels have 166 species, but later the Chinese and the Vietnamese introduced 47 more species, includingpeanut, sweet potato, and various vegetables.

The Senkaku Islands ( Senkaku Shot?, variants: Senkaku-gunt and Senkaku-rett ), also known as the Diaoyu Islands orDiaoyutai Islands (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Dioyti Qndo) or the Pinnacle Islands, are a group of disputed uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. They are located roughly due east of mainland China, northeast of Taiwan, west of Okinawa Island, and north of the southwestern end of the Ryukyu Islands. Japan controlled these islands from 1895 until her surrender at the end of World War II. The United States administered them as part of theUnited States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands from

[1]

[2]

1945 until 1972, when the islands reverted to Japanese control under the Okinawa Reversion Treaty between the United States and Japan. Since 1971, they have been actively claimed by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan). The Chinese claim the discovery [3] and control of the islands from the 14th century. The islands are a major issue in foreign relations between Japan and the PRC and between Japan [4] and the ROC. Despite the complexity of relations between the PRC and ROC, both governments agree that the islands are part of Taiwan as part of Toucheng Township in Yilan County of their respective divisions. The Japanese government regards these islands as a part of Ishigaki, Okinawa Prefecture.

Liancourt Rocks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Dokdo" redirects here. For other uses, see Dokdo (disambiguation). "Takeshima" redirects here. For other uses, see Takeshima (disambiguation).

Liancourt Rocks

Disputed islands Other names: Dokdo, Takeshima

Location of the Liancourt Rocks in the Sea of Japan (East Sea) between South Korea and Japan

Geography

Location

Sea of Japan (East Sea)

Coordinates

371430N 131520E

Total islands

90 (37 permanent land)

Major islands

East Islet, West Islet

Area

0.18745 square kilometres (46.32 acres) East Islet: 0.0733 square kilometres (18.1 acres) West Islet: 0.08864 square kilometres (21.90 acres)

Highest point

unnamed location on West Islet 169 metres (554 ft)

Administered by

South Korea

County

Ulleung County, North Gyeongsang

Claimed by

Japan

Town

Okinoshima, Shimane

South Korea

County

Ulleung County, North Gyeongsang

North Korea

County

Ullng County, North Kyngsang[citation needed]

Demographics

Population

2 + 43 support personnel (in rotation)

Ethnic groups

Korean

The Liancourt Rocks, also known as Dokdo or Tokto (/, literally "solitary island") in Korean or Takeshima (/?, literally "bamboo island") in Japanese,[1] are a group of small islets in the Sea of Japan (East Sea). Sovereignty over the islets is disputed betweenJapan and South Korea.[2] The islets are currently administered by South Korea, which has its Coast Guard stationed there.[3] The Franco-English name of the islets derives from Le Liancourt, the name of a French whaling ship which came close to being wrecked on the rocks in 1849.[4] Both the Korean[3] and Japanese[5] names have changed over time, a testament to the historical confusion over the subject which led to today's heated dispute. The Liancourt Rocks consist of two main islets and 35 smaller rocks. The total surface area of the islets is 0.18745 square kilometres (46.32 acres), with the highest elevation of 169 metres (554 ft) found at an unnamed location on the west islet.[6] Two Korean citizensan octopus fisherman and his wifeare permanent residents on the islets. A small Korean police detachment, administrative personnel, and lighthouse staff are stationed in non-permanent supporting positions on the islets.[7] South Korea administers the islets as Dokdo-ri,[8] Ulleung-eup, Ulleung County, North Gyeongsang Province. Japan classifies them as part ofOkinoshima, Oki District, Shimane Prefecture. The islets lie in rich fishing grounds which could also contain large gas deposits.[

Iran's Dispute With the UAE Over Three Gulf Islands

By Saeed M. Badeeb

The dispute over the islands in the Lower Arabian/Persian GulfAbu Musa, Tunb, and Lesser Tunbis an old issue. In fact, the rivalry between Persia (now Iran) and the Ottoman Empire and the local rulers of the Arab Gulf sheikhdoms goes back to the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1935, Persia was renamed Iran by Reza Shah, who ruled the country from 1921 to 1941, when he was forced by the British to abdicate his throne in favor of his son Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (r. 1941-1979), because of his alleged sympathies with Nazi Germany during World War II. During his reign, Reza Shah revived Persia's claim to a number of islands in the Lower Gulf, notably Abu Musa and Greater and Lesser Tunbs, which belonged to two small sheikhdoms of the Trucial States, now the United Arab Emirates. Understanding the strategic and economic importance of the Strait of Hormuz, Reza Shah sought to control as much as possible of this waterway. Additionally, red oxide was discovered in commercial quantities on the island of Abu Musa.

Hans Island (Inuktitut/Greenlandic: Tartupaluk; French: le Hans; Danish: Hans ) is a small, 2 uninhabited barren knoll measuring 1.3 km (0.5 sq mi), located in the centre of the Kennedy Channel of Nares Straitthe strait that separates Ellesmere Island from northern Greenland and connects Baffin Bay with the Lincoln Sea. Hans Island is the smallest of three islands located in Kennedy Channel; the others are Franklin Island and Crozier Island. The island has been part of Inuit hunting grounds since long before people of European descent became aware of its existence. The island is claimed by both Canada and Denmark.

Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas in Spanish)[1] is disputed between Argentina and the United Kingdom. The British claim to de jure sovereignty dates from 1690, and the United Kingdom has exercised de facto sovereignty over the archipelagoalmost constantly since 1833. Argentina has long disputed this claim, having been in control of the islands for a brief period prior to 1833. The dispute escalated in 1982, when Argentina invaded the islands, precipitating the Falklands War. Contemporary Falkland Islanders consider themselves to be British. They gained full British citizenship with the British Nationality (Falkland Islands)

Timeline of de facto control

February 1764 April 1767 January 1765 July 1770 April 1767 February 1811 September 1771 May 1776 February 1811 August 1829 August 1829 December 1831 December 1831 January 1832 January 1832 December 1832 December 1832 January 1833 January 1833 August 1833 August 1833 January 1834 January 1834 April 1982 April 1982 June 1982 June 1982 present None United Kingdom Argentina United Kingdom None Argentine Confederation United Kingdom None United Provinces United States France Great Britain Spain Great Britain

Act 1983, after the Falklands War. Argentina argues that the islanders do not have the right to selfdetermination, arguing that they are not aboriginal and were brought to replace the Argentine population

that Argentina claims was expelled after the re-establishment of British rule in 1833.[2] The United Nations have called on both countries to begin dialogue over the sovereignty claim.[3]
Contents
[hide]

1 History of the claims

o o o o

1.1 French claim 1.2 Spanish claim 1.3 British claim 1.4 Argentine claim

2 Sovereignty discussions 3 Lack of progress in negotiations 4 Confrontation 5 Falklands War 6 Post war 7 Current claims

7.1 Claims by Argentina

7.1.1 The Nootka Sound Conventions 7.1.2 Constitution of Argentina

7.2 Claims by the United Kingdom

7.2.1 Falkland Islands Constitution

8 International position

o o o o

8.1 Resolutions of the United Nations and the OAS 8.2 Supporters of the British claim 8.3 Supporters of the Argentine claim 8.4 Neutral

9 References 10 Sources

Rockall
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rockall

Disputed island

Location of Rockall in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Geography

Location

North Atlantic Ocean

Coordinates

573548N 134119W

Area

784.3 m2 (8,442 sq ft)

Length

31 m (102 ft)

Width

25.3 m (83 ft)

Highest point

Rockall 21.4 m (70 ft)

Administered by

Claimed by

Denmark

Autonomous province

Faroe Islands

Iceland

Ireland

United Kingdom

Council area

Na h-Eileanan Siar (Outer Hebrides),Scotland

Rockall (Irish: Rocal, Scottish Gaelic: Rocabarraigh) is an extremely small, uninhabited, remote rocky islet in the North Atlantic Ocean. It gives its name to one of the sea areas named in the shipping forecast provided by the British Meteorological Office. Historically the islet has been referred to in Irish folklore, and since the late sixteenth century it has been noted in written records, although it is likely that some northern Atlantic fishing crews knew of the rock before these historical accounts were made. In the twentieth century the location of the islet became a major concern due to oil and fishing rights, spurring continued debate amongst several European nations. Rockall has also been a point of interest for adventurers and amateur radio operators who variously in the past have landed on or occupied the islet for up to several months, although fewer than twenty individuals have ever been confirmed to have landed on Rockall. In 1956 the British scientist James Fisher referred to the island as "the most isolated small rock in the oceans of the world."[1] The neighbouringHasselwood Rock and several other pinnacles of the surrounding Helen's Reef are however smaller, at half or less the size of Rockall and equally remote. Yet these formations are, while being noted in the Island of Rockall Act 1972, technically not considered islands or points on land per se, as they are often submerged completely, only revealed momentarily under certain types of swell and visible by ocean surface waves. The ownership of Rockall is disputed, as are the exploration and fishing rights on the surrounding Rockall Bank and Trough, and the Rockall Plateau. The islet is claimed by Denmark (for the Faroe Islands), Iceland, Ireland and the United Kingdom. All four governments have made submissions to the commission set up under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The issue was included in the provisional agenda of the meeting of the commission to be held in New York from 7 March to 21 April 2011 and recommendations pursuant to Article 76 of the Convention were made.[2] The United Kingdom, for administrative purposes, initially treated Rockall as part of Inverness-shire, under the terms of the Island of Rockall Act 1972. Subsequent UK Acts of Parliament[citation needed] have affirmed the islet's position as part of the Comhairle nan Eilean Siar council area for local government functions.

The Kuril Islands dispute (Russian: ), also known as the Northern Territories dispute(Japanese: Hopp Rydo Mondai?), is a dispute

between Japan and Russia over sovereignty over the South Kuril Islands. The disputed islands, which were occupied by Soviet forces during the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation at the end of World War II, are under Russian administration as South Kuril District of the Sakhalin Oblast ( , Sakhalinskaya oblast), but are claimed by Japan, which refers to them as the Northern Territories ( Hopp Rydo?) or Southern Chishima ( Minami Chishima?), being part of the Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaid Prefecture. The San Francisco Peace Treaty between the Allied Powers and Japan from 1951 states that Japan [2] must give up all claims to the Kuril islands, but it also does not recognize the Soviet Union's [3] sovereignty over the Kuril Islands. Furthermore, Japan currently claims that at least some of the [4] disputed islands are not a part of the Kuril Islands, and thus are not covered by the treaty. Russia maintains that the Soviet Union's sovereignty over the islands was recognized following agreements [5][6] at the end of the Second World War. However, Japan has disputed this claim. The disputed islands are: Iturup (Russian: )/Etorofu Island (Japanese: Etorofu-t?) Kunashir (Russian: )/Kunashiri Island (Japanese: Kunashiri-t?) Shikotan (Russian: )/Shikotan Island (Japanese: Shikotan-t?) Habomai rocks (Russian: ostrova Habomai)/Habomai Islands (Japanese: Ha
[1]

The sovereignty of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is disputed between [1][2] the United Kingdom and Argentina. The United Kingdom claimed South Georgia in 1775, annexed the islands in 1908, and has exercised de facto control with the exception of a brief period during [3] the Falklands War in 1982 when the islands were partially controlled by Argentina. The dispute started in 1927 when Argentina claimed sovereignty over South Georgia, and subsequently was [4] expanded in scope with Argentina claiming the South Sandwich Islands in 1938. The islands have [5] no indigenous population, and currently no permanent population.

For nearly 30 years, India and Bangladesh have argued over control of a tiny rock island in the Bay of Bengal. Now rising sea levels have resolved the dispute for them: the island has gone. New Moore island in the Sunderbans has been completely submerged, said oceanographer Sugata Hazra, a professor at Jadavpur University in Kolkata. Its disappearance has been confirmed by satellite imagery and sea patrols, he said. "What these two countries could not achieve from years of talking has been resolved by global warming," said Hazra. Scientists at the school of oceanographic studies at the university have noted an alarming increase in the rate at which sea levels have risen over the past decade in the Bay of Bengal. Until 2000, the sea levels rose about 3mm (0.12 inches) a year, but over the last decade they have been rising about 5mm annually, he said. Another nearby island, Lohachara, was submerged in 1996, forcing its inhabitants to move to the mainland, while almost half the land of Ghoramara island was underwater, he said. At least 10 other islands in the area were at risk as well, Hazra added. "We will have ever larger numbers of people displaced from the Sunderbans as more island areas come under water," he said.

Bangladesh, a low-lying delta nation of 150 million people, is one of the countries worst affected by global warming. Officials estimate 18% of Bangladesh's coastal area will be underwater and 20 million people will be displaced if sea levels rise one metre by 2050 as projected by some climate models. India and Bangladesh both claimed the empty New Moore Island, which is about two miles long and 1.5 miles wide. Bangladesh referred to the island as South Talpatti. There were no permanent structures on New Moore, but India sent some paramilitary soldiers to its rocky shores in 1981 to hoist its national flag. The demarcation of the maritime boundary and who controls the remaining islands remains an open issue between the two south Asian neighbours, and the disappearance of the island does nothing to resolve it, said an official in India's foreign ministry, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorised to speak on international disputes.

Perejil Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Perejil Island

Disputed island Other names: Tura (Berber), Isla Perejil (Spanish),Parsley Island (English)

A satellite NASA World Wind caption of Isla Perejil seen as a tiny island (top middle).

Geography

Location

Strait of Gibraltar 3555N 525WCoordinates: 3555N 525W

Coordinates

Total islands Area Highest point

1 15 hectares (0.15 km2) 74 metres (243 ft) Administered by

Claimed by Morocco Spain Demographics Population 0 [hide]

Hispano-Moroccan wars
Siege of Larache (1689) Siege of Melilla (1774) War of 1859 60 War of 189394 War of 1909 War of 191127 Ifni War Perejil Island crisis

Spanish territories in North Africa.

Isla de Perejil in relation to Ceuta.

For the armed conflict, see Perejil Island crisis

The Perejil Island (Spanish: Isla de Perejil, Berber: Tura) is a small, uninhabited rocky islet located in the South shore of the Strait of Gibraltarvery close to Morocco. Its sovereignty is disputed between Spain and Morocco. It was the subject of an armed incident between the two countries in 2002.

The name Isla de Perejil literally means "Parsley Island" in Spanish. Its original Berber name is Tura, [1] meaning "empty". Some Moroccan media refer to it mistakenly as Leila, Laila ( ) instead, which is a distorted pronunciation of the Spanish word "La isla". It is sometimes referred to in Arabic as "Jazirat al-Ma'danus" ( ,) which is a translation of "Parsley Island". In Moroccan historical references it is only known as "Tura". In his speech to the Moroccan people commemorating the "Throne Day" on July 30, 2002, the king of Morocco used the name "Tura" exclusively, when he [2] mentioned the armed incident with Spain over the island. Isla Perejil has no permanent human population. Goats are pastured there, and the Moroccan government expressed worries that smugglers and terrorists, in addition to illegal immigrants, were using the island. The island is well monitored from both sides in order to maintain the status quo that leaves it deserted and virtually a no man's land. Morocco had demanded the return of the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla along with several small rocks and islets off the coast of Morocco. The crisis over Isla Perejil was seen by the Spanish government as a way for Morocco to test the waters in regard to Spain's will to defend Ceuta and [citation needed] Melilla. Both Spain and Morocco claim the islet, and have agreed to leave it as a virtual no man's land while the dispute is solved diplomatically. It is currently monitored by both governments.

Beagle conflict
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Beagle Conflict

18811970: 1958: 19711977: 19771978: 1978: 19791984: 1984: Beagle Channel cartography Snipe incident Beagle Channel Arbitration Direct Negotiations Operation Soberana Papal Mediation Treaty of Peace and Friendship

The Beagle Conflict was a border dispute between Chile and Argentina over the possession of Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands and the scope of the maritime jurisdiction associated with those islands that brought the countries to the brink of war in 1978.

The islands are strategically located off the south edge of Tierra del Fuego and at the east end of the Beagle Channel. The Beagle channel, the Straits of Magellan and the Drake Passage are the only three waterways between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean in the southern hemisphere. After refusing to abide by a binding international award giving the islands to Chile, the Argentine junta pushed the controversy to the brink of war in 1978 in order to produce a maritime boundary consistent with Argentine claims.[1][2](p6) The Beagle conflict is seen as the main reason for Chilean support to the United Kingdom during the Falklands War of 1982.[3][4] The conflict began in 1904 with the first official Argentine claims over the islands that have always been under Chilean control.[5]:164 The conflict passed through several status: unknown territories, since 1881 Chilean islands, since 1904 disputed islands, direct negotiations, submitted to a binding international tribunal, direct negotiations again, brinkmanship. The conflict was resolved through papal mediation and since 1984 Argentina recognizes the islands as Chilean territory. The 1984 treaty resolves also several collateral issues of great importance, including navigation rights, sovereignty over other islands in the Fuegian Archipelago, delimitation of the Straits of Magellan, and maritime boundaries south to Cape Horn and beyond.

Brazilian Island (in Portuguese Ilha Brasileira; Spanish Isla Brasilera) is a small fluvial island situated at the confluence of the Uruguay River and theQuarai (Cuareim) River, between the borders of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The island has long been claimed by both Brazil and Uruguay. Brazilian officials claim that the island falls within the town of Barra do Quara in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Uruguayan [1] officials claim that the island falls their Artigas Department.

[1]