ASSIGNMENT NO 1

SUBJECT : SUBMITTED BY: CLASS: CLASS NO: SUBMITTED TO:

COMPUTER GRAPHICS MUHAMMAD BILAL BSSE 7TH TERM 03 AKHTAR BADSHAH

Q NO 1: Explain briefly the following ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. CRT VGA CGA SVGA MONITORS PLOTTERS DATA MATRIX FILMS LCD PANELS

1. CRT:
CRT is a vaccum tube containing an electron gun and fluorescent screen used to view images. CRTs have also been used as memory devices. The experimentation of Cathode Rays is largely accredited to J J Thomson, an English Physicst who in his three famous experiments was able to deflect cathode rays.

TYPES OF CATHODE RAY TUBE:

There are some of the types of Cathode Ray Tube which are as follow. 1. Cat s eye 2. Charactrons 3. Nimo 4. William tube

SECURITY CONCERNS : Under

some circumstances, the signal radiated from the electron guns,

scanning circurity and associated wiring of a CRT can be captured remotely and used to recomstruct what is shown on the CRT using a process called Van Eck Phreaking.such radiation of a potentially exploitable signal, however occurs also with other display technologies and with all electrons in general.

2 .VGA : Definition of: VGA

(Video Graphics Array) A widely used analog interface between a computer and monitor that uses a 15pin plug and socket. Older CRTs used VGA, and flat LCD panels typically have both analog VGA and digital DVI. However, newer PCs may have only DVI or DisplayPort outputs. See flat panel display, DVI and DisplayPort.

VGA History
VGA was introduced on IBM's PS/2 line in 1987 and quickly replaced the earlier CGA and EGA interfaces, which were actually digital, but with lower resolution and fewer colors. In a short time, non-IBM vendors boosted resolution and colors, initially calling them "Super VGA."

3.CGA:
The Color Graphics Adapter (CGA), originally also called the Color/Graphics AdapTor IBM Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter,[1] introduced in 1981, was IBM's first color graphics card, and the first color computer display standard for the IBM PC.The standard IBM CGA graphics card was equipped with 16 kilobytes of video memory, and could be connected either to a NTSC-compatible monitor or television via an RCA connector for composite video, or to a dedicated 4-bit "RGBI"[2] interface CRT monitor, such as the IBM 5153 color display.[3]Built around the Motorola MC6845 display controller, the CGA card featured several graphics and text modes. The highest display resolution of any mode was 640200, and the highest color depth supported was 4-bit
(16 colors).

4.MONITIRS:
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Computer monitor, a screen that displays output from a computer. Monitor (synchronization), an approach to synchronize two or more computer tasks that use a shared resource Machine code monitor, programming allowing users to view or change memory locations on a computer Virtual Machine Monitor, software which virtualizes a computer hardware platform, allowing multiple system images to run simultaneously.

y y y y

a small interactive bootstrap program or machine code debugger a mechanism used to synchronize concurrent processes an early synonym for an operating system an execution profiler

5. PLOTTERS:
A Data Matrix code is a two-dimensional matrix barcode consisting of black and white "cells" or modules arranged in either a square or rectangular pattern. The information to be encoded can be text or raw data. Usual data size is from a few bytes up to 1556 bytes. The length of the encoded data depends on the symbol dimension used. Error correction codes are added to increase symbol strength: even if they are damaged, they can still be read. A Data Matrix symbol can store up to 2,335 alphanumeric characters.
y

y y

Data Matrix symbols are rectangular in shape and usually square, they are made of cells: little elements that represent bits. Depending on the situation a "light" module is a 0 and a "dark" module is a 1, or vice versa. Every Data Matrix is composed of two solid adjacent borders in an "L" shape (called the "finder pattern") and two other borders consisting of alternating dark and light "cells" or modules (called the "timing pattern"). Within these borders are rows and columns of cells encoding information. The finder pattern is used to locate and orient the symbol while the timing pattern provides a count of the number of rows and columns in the symbol. As more data is encoded in the symbol, the number of cells (rows and columns) increases. Symbol sizes vary from 88 to 144144 The most popular application for Data Matrix is marking small items, due to the codes ability to encode fifty characters in a symbol that is readable at 2 or 3 mm2 and the fact that the code can be read with only a 20% contrast ratio. The Data Matrix is scalable, with commercial applications as small as 300 micrometres (laser etched on a 600 micrometre silicon device) and as large as a 1 metre (3 ft) square (painted on the roof of a boxcar). Fidelity of the marking and reading systems are the only limitation. The United States of America's Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) recommends using Data Matrix for labeling small electronic components.[1] Data Matrix codes are part of a new traceability drive in many industries in the United States of America, particularly aerospace where quality control is tight and a black market exists for counterfeit or non-serviceable parts. Data Matrix codes (and accompanying alpha-numeric data) identify details of the component, including manufacturer ID, part number and a unique serial number. The US Department of Defense has selected Data Matrix for the mandatory unique identification of certain assets it procures for all of the services. Items from individual weapons to critical components of major systems must be permanently marked with a unique data matrix code in accordance with standards in Military Standard 130. Much of the Aerospace Industry, especially members of the Air Transport Association (ATA), aims to have all components of every new aircraft identified by Data Matrix codes within a tight deadline.[2] The Data Matrix format is used by Semacode to encode 4096 bits RSA private keys that can be read by cameras or scanners.

6. FILMS :
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects. The process of filmmaking has developed into an art form and industry.Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating or indoctrinating citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue into the language of the viewer.Films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Viewers perceive motion due to a psychological effect called beta movement.The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photo-play and flick. A common name for film in the United States is movie, while in Europe the term film is preferred. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema and the movies.

7.LCD PANELS :

LCD Panels We offer an extensive range of LCD panels from all manufacturers worldwide. Our never-ending list of LCD panels allows the customers, OEMs & ODMs to enjoy highest level to flexibility when choosing a suitable display for an existing or a new project. However, if you can't find a appropriate display that is matching your requirement; our engineers would love to take up challenging project. Give us a project that will stretch our technical expertise.