Energy Recovery, Inc. 1908 Doolittle Dr.

San Leandro, CA 94577, USA Tel: 510-483-7370 Fax: 510-483-7371

PX POWER MODEL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ERI Document No. 80068-01

Required inputs required for the spreadsheet are indicated by BOLD RED text. A brief explanation of Units Metric or English -

Enter "M" for metric units (m3/day and bar) or " and psi).

Manual of auto efficiencies -

Enter "m" for manual entry of pump and motor e automatic calculation of pump and motor efficie Enter the desired flow rate of permeate from th

Permeate flow (F) RO recovery rate

Enter the desired recovery rate for the membra of the permeate divided by the feed flow rate to

RO feed pressure (E)

Enter the membrane feed pressure. This pressu membrane manufacturer using membrane proje

Membrane DP

Enter the expected differential pressure loss thr arrays. This value is provided by the membrane membrane projection software.

PX LP outlet pressure (H) -

Enter the pressure at the low-pressure outlet of array. A minimum discharge pressure of 15 psi Enter the feedwater salinity in parts per million Enter the power cost in US$ per kWh Enter the power frequency; either 50 or 60 Hz.

Feedwater salinity (A) Power price Motor power Hz Pump & motor efficiencies

These values can be input for the pumps and m values are based on the entered capacities.

PX design margin

This input limits the flow rate to each PX unit by margin between the unitary flow rate and the m unitary flow rate. The default value is 5%.

This input limits the flow rate to each PX unit by margin between the unitary flow rate and the m unitary flow rate. The default value is 5%.

Optional inputs for the spread sheets are indicated by BOLD BLACK text. A brief explanation of thes Turbocharger efficiency -

The net transfer efficiency of the turbocharger i automatically based on capacity. The computed overwritten by the user with any value in the ran

Pelton turbine efficiency -

The net transfer efficiency of the turbine is com based on capacity. The computed value can be with any value in the range of 20 to 92%.

Pelton and turbo HP pump eff - The efficiency of the high pressure pump in the processes is computed automatically based on value can be overwritten by the user with any v to 92%. Pelton and turbo motor eff -

The efficiency of the high pressure pump motor turbocharger processes is computed automatic The computed value can be overwritten by the the range of 50 to 100%.

REV

BY

CKD

REVISION

DATE

5 6 7 8

RLS RBC RBC RBC

RBC RLS JGM JGM

Added PX-300 Updated perf Protection Update Model Logic Corr.

9/22/2009 11/1/2009 1/18/2010 2/3/2010

D text. A brief explanation of the inputs follows.

c units (m3/day and bar) or "E" for English units (gpd

ual entry of pump and motor efficiencies. Enter "a" for on of pump and motor efficiencies.

low rate of permeate from the membranes.

ecovery rate for the membranes. This is the flow rate vided by the feed flow rate to the membranes.

ne feed pressure. This pressure is provided by the acturer using membrane projection software.

d differential pressure loss through the membrane is provided by the membrane manufacturer using on software.

at the low-pressure outlet of the PX devices or discharge pressure of 15 psi or 1 bar is

er salinity in parts per million = milligrams per liter.

ost in US$ per kWh

equency; either 50 or 60 Hz.

be input for the pumps and motors used. The default on the entered capacities.

e flow rate to each PX unit by fixing the minimum e unitary flow rate and the maximum allowable he default value is 5%.

e flow rate to each PX unit by fixing the minimum e unitary flow rate and the maximum allowable he default value is 5%.

t. A brief explanation of these inputs follows.

ficiency of the turbocharger is computed d on capacity. The computed value can be user with any value in the range of 25 to 81%.

ficiency of the turbine is computed automatically The computed value can be overwritten by the user he range of 20 to 92%.

he high pressure pump in the Pelton or turbocharger uted automatically based on capacity. The computed written by the user with any value in the range of 20

he high pressure pump motor in the Pelton or esses is computed automatically based on capacity. ue can be overwritten by the user with any value in 100%.

Energy Recovery, Inc. 1908 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577, USA Tel: 510-483-7370 Fax: 510-483-7371

PX POWER MODEL DEFINITIONS

Efficiency: Energy transfer efficiency in the Pressure Exchanger (PX) un following equation: Pressure FlowOUT 10 Ef f iciency Pressure FlowIN

High Pressure Flow Differential Pressure (HP DP): The pressure at the the PX minus the pressure at the high-pressure outlet port of the PX. Low Pressure Flow Differential Pressure (LP DP): The pressure at the PX minus the pressure at the low-pressure outlet port of the PX.

Lubrication Flow: The flow rate of high-pressure brine required to lubric bearing measured as a difference in flow rates according to any of the methods: Low-pressure feedwater to the main high-pressure pump minus th High-pressure brine to the PX unit minus the high-pressure feedw Low-pressure brine from the PX unit minus the low-pressure feed

Minimum Discharge Pressure (MDP): The minimum allowable pressur port of the PX.

Mixing: The ratio of the difference between the salinity of the feed to the of the feedwater supply divided by the salinity of the feedwater at 40% devices and 60% recovery for brackish PX devices in a standard PX-b according to the following equation:

Mixing

membrane feed salinity feedwater sali feedwater salinity

Temperature: A PX array feed temperature of 58 degF / 14.4 degC is ass result in slightly higher PX device lubrication flow rates and slightly Conversely, lower temperatures result in lower lubrication flow rates efficiencies.

REV

BY

CKD

REVISION

DATE

ssure Exchanger (PX) unit as calculated with the

Pressure FlowIN

ressure FlowOUT

100 %

DP): The pressure at the high-pressure inlet port of re outlet port of the PX.

DP): The pressure at the low-pressure inlet port of the utlet port of the PX.

re brine required to lubricate the PXs hydrodynamic es according to any of the following equivalent

-pressure pump minus the membrane permeate the high-pressure feedwater from the PX unit nus the low-pressure feedwater to the PX unit

nimum allowable pressure at the low-pressure outlet

salinity of the feed to the membranes and the salinity ty of the feedwater at 40% recovery for seawater PX evices in a standard PX-booster pump system

salinity feedwater salinity 100 % dwater salinity

8 degF / 14.4 degC is assumed. Higher temperatures n flow rates and slightly lower efficiencies. wer lubrication flow rates and slightly higher

Product Description The Energy Recovery, Inc. (ERI)PX Pressure Exchanger energy recovery device recovers hydraulic energy from the high-pressure reject stream from a reverse osmosis (RO) system and transfers it to lowpressure feedwater. In a typical RO system, pressurized feedwater from the PX devices is pumped to the RO membranes by a Booster Pump. PX devices provide extremely high efficiency up to 98 percent and can reduce RO power costs by 60 percent, making it a great value. PX technology gives the operator the flexibility to vary the RO system recovery rate to maximize process productivity and energy efficiency over a wide range of feed conditions. The two most important measures of energy recovery device performance are energy transfer efficiency and concentrate-feedwater mixing. Arrays of PX Pressure Exchanger devices typically operate at greater than 95% efficiency where efficiency is computed with the following equation. HP, LP, in, and out refer to PX-array high-pressure and low-pressure feed and discharge streams. ((HP out Pressure Flow) + (LP out Pressure Flow)) ((HP in Pressure Flow) + (LP in Pressure Flow)) The salinity at the membrane inlet of a RO system equipped with PX technology does not typically exceed the salinity of the system feedwater by more than 3% as a result of concentrate/feedwater mixing in the PX devices. RO system performance for the Project, which depends upon the feed and operating conditions, is detailed in the attached PX Power Model. Compared to older centrifugal energy recovery technology, such as Pelton turbines or turbochargers, RO systems consume 15 to 35% less power with PX technology. Compared to other positivedisplacement energy recovery devices, PX devices are much more reliable, with no maintenance requirements, vibrations or pulsations. With one moving part, tough engineered-ceramic construction and a five-year warranty on ceramic components, PX devices are designed for long-term, trouble-free, high-performance operation. For these reasons, PX technology has the lowest cost of ownership of any commercially-available energy recovery device solution. Detailed product design, performance and application information is provided in the attachments of this proposal and in the product Installation, Operations and Service (O&M) manual available on ERIs website. ERIs sales, engineering and service teams stand ready to answer any questions and help the Project to be successful.

PX Energy Recovery Device System Analysis

FLOW

PRESSURE QUALITY

US gpm m3/hr m3/day psi bar ppm

A 1,057 240 5,760 38 2.6 35,000

B 626 142 3,411 38 2.6 35,000

C 431 98 2,349 899 62.0 35,000

D 626 142 3,411 862 59.5 36,480

E 1,057 240 5,760 899 62.0 35,876

F 423 96 2,304 0 0.0 200

G 634 144 3,456 876 60.4 59,661

H 634 144 3,456 29 2.0 58,200 INPUTS M a 2,304 40% 62.0 1.6 2.0 35,000 60 $ 0.10 82% 96% 63% 94% 97% 5%

PX DEVICE ARRAY PX model Number of PX units quantity PX unit flow m3/hr PX lubrication per array m3/hr PX lubrication flow % Dfferential pressure HP side bar Differential pressure LP side bar PX efficiency % PX mixing at membrane feed % Operating capacity % PX Power Savings kW Estimated CO2 Savings tons/year HIGH PRESSURE PUMP Pump efficiency Motor efficiency Power consumed

PX-260 3 48.0 1.9 1.3% 0.9 0.6 96.4% 2.5% 81.3% 330.1 1,705

% % kW

73% 93% 237.9

INPUT DESCRIPTIONS Units Metric or English Manual or auto efficiencies Permeate flow RO recovery rate RO feed pressure Membrane differential pressure PX LP discharge pressure Feedwater salinity Motor power Hz Currency Cost of power HP pump efficiency HP pump motor efficiency Circulation pump efficiency Circulation pump motor efficiency Circulation pump VFD efficiency PX device design margin

M or E m or a m3/day % bar bar bar mg/l 50 or 60 type $/kWh % % % % % %

CIRCULATION / BOOSTER PUMP ERI PX booster pump model 60 Hz Number of PX booster pumps quantity Pump efficiency % Motor efficiency % VFD efficiency % Power consumed kW

72% 92% 97% 15.4

PX SYSTEM POWER RESULTS Total power consumption kW Specific power consumption kWh/m3 Specific power consumption kWh/kgal Power cost saved with PX $/year Warnings Suggestions
NONE NONE

253 2.64 10.0 289,179

SYSTEM FEED PUMP kW 0.0 Notes: ERI PX device and circulation pump selection is based upon assumptions not stated here. Please refer ERI sales personnel for additional information.

PX Device versus Pelton Turbine Power Analysis

MEMBRANES E

HP PUMP

PELTON TURBINE

FLOW

PRESSURE QUALITY

US gpm m3/hr 3 m /day psi bar mg/l

A 1,057 240.2 5,760 38 2.6 35,000

E 1,057 240.2 5,760 876 60.4 35,000

F 423 96.1 2,304 0 0.0 200

G 634 144.1 3,456 853 58.8 #REF!

H 634 144.1 3,456 0 0.0 #REF!

DEVICE EFFICIENCIES Turbine efficiency HP Pump efficiency HP Pump motor efficiency Net transfer efficiency POWER CALCULATIONS Mechanical energy recovered HP pump shaft power Motor shaft power Motor electrical power SYSTEM FEED PUMP

% % % %

75% 78% 94% 58%

MEMBRANE PARAMETERS Recovery Membrane differential

% bar

40% 1.6

kW kW kW kW kW

176.3 494.2 317.9 338.8 0.0

PELTON SYSTEM POWER RESULTS Total power consumption kW Specific power consumption kWh/m3 Specific power consumption kWh/kgal

339 3.53 13.3

PX VERSUS PELTON TURBINE SAVINGS Power saved with PX kWh/m3 0.89 Power saved with PX % 25% Cost saved with PX $/year 74,635

Notes: Turbine, pump and motor efficiencies are based on best engineering estimates and manufacturers published data. If it is known, the operator can enter the specific equipment efficiency data manually.