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Global Title
Global Title
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A Global Title (GT) is an address used in the SCCP protocol for routing signaling messages on telecommunications networks. In theory, a global title is a unique address which refers to only one destination, though in practice destinations can change over time.
Contents
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1 Overview 2 Structure of the global title value o 2.1 Global Title Format o 2.2 Numbering Plan Indicator o 2.3 Type of Number o 2.4 Translation Type 3 Global title translation o 3.1 Global Title Analysis o 3.2 Routing Structure o 3.3 Global Title Modification 4 Global Title Routing in Mobile Networks o 4.1 Mobile Global Title Routing (Except North America) o 4.2 IMSI Routing (North America) o 4.3 Routing of mobility messages on the ANSI / ITU Boundary 5 Notes
[edit] Overview
The Global Title is similar in purpose on the PSTN to the host name on the internet. In design, however, global titles are quite different. The structure is usually hierarchical, the value can be of variable length, and is not necessarily a wholly numeric valuethough it often is for issues of backwards compatibility and association with regular telephone numbers.
The structure of a global title for ITU-T applications is officially defined in ITU-T Recommendation Q.713, and further extended in the supporting numbering plan standards. Other national variants of Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP), such as the American National Standards Institute variant specified in ANSI T1.112/2000, define their own format for the Global Title. The value of a global title is a sequence of attributes which modify the address value. To summarize:
It is possible for the result of Global Title Translation to be Route on SSN. This means that, instead of the Global Title routing, lower level MTP routing will be used for this message from this point on. Equivalently, in a system using SS7 over IP (for example, SIGTRAN), the result from Global Title Translation may be to a route to an IP server, though the exact details depend greatly on which variant of SS7 over IP is being used.[1]
international SCCP gateways know which systems handle each of the other countries the international SCCP gateway belonging to each country knows which SCCP gateways handle each network the SCCP gateway of each network knows the networks own internal structure
In America, the limitations of the North American Number Plan mean that the destination country is not immediately obvious from the called party address. However, the fact that there is unified administration means that this can be overcome by having complete analysis at every point where it is needed.
In Global Title Translation it is quite normal that at some point the Global Title will have to be changed. This happens, for example, as GSM mobility management messages enter and leave networks in America. In America, typically most routing of mobility management messages for all mobile networks is done using the E.212 (IMSI) number. In international networks, E.214 is always used. At the boundary incoming toward America (this can mean the Signaling Transfer Point at the edge of the American operator's network), numbers routed from European networks are converted from E.214 numbers into E.212 numbers. In the outgoing direction, from America toward the rest of the world, are converted from E.212 numbers into E.214 numbers.
E.164(MSISDN) = CC+NDC+SN, e.g. 91-98-71405178 E.212(IMSI) = MCC+MNC+MSIN, e.g. 404-68-6600620186 (MTNL delhi) E.214(MGT) = combination of E.212 and E.164 (Exact combination is defined in the operators IR21 document)
without number portability, it is normal that the MSIN has a structure and that, by analysing the first few digits we can further route the message to the right element.
NPI=E.212: 28405 xxxxxxxxxx (284 = Bulgaria MCC + 05 = Globul MNC) -> NPI=E.214: 359888 xxxxxxxxx (359 = Bulgaria country code)
Please note the truncation of the number by one digit since E.214 numbers, as with E.164 numbers, have a maximum length of 15 digits. Inbound toward America: