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.

.
= I .
= () ()
= T .
= Q .
= W '
= F .
= V Volt
= P Watt

Volt ( )
.
-

Volt .

=R .

,
. .

( )
.




V1=V2

=L Coil ( Hy).

2 ,
( ).

, .

= n .

=
D.C. -
.

A.C. .

= x V= R x I
= x P=I x V
)V1 + V2 = E (V
1:t= F

(' )

V1:V2 = N1:N2 = I2:I1


:1 = 2' : 1 = 2 :2
.1


= 10^3 = k
= 10^-3 =m
= 10^6 = M
= 10^-6 =
= 10^9 = = G
= 10^-9 = n
= 10^12
= 10^-12 =

-
.
:

If
.
( )
"
( "" ) .
, ( =
)Ma ( ) .
, .
, 0.2% 99.8%
( ) ,
.
.

,
( )

.
.
KV
KV .

= Kv .
= Ma .
= .


( MA )

KV .
MA

KV ( ) .

KV MA
MA KV

sec . ."
( )ma.

.

o

( 100' 10")

( 10-2")
( 10-4" 10-3")

soft X-ray diagnostic X-ray deep therapy X-ray

, /.

"
.

= 2P2N

x-ray x-ray "


.

-
,
.
.
.

.
W = h x f
W = q x v = e x v
.

( -
( MA ) kv
KV KV ( ).
MA MA (
)
T .MA

. .

/ /.

-
( )
.

. .
heel effect

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.


.
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.
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:
.1 .
.2 . ,grid
.

.

.
mas kv
.

A '.A

' B ' '. B


: .
- .

M ' A ' ' A N


' A ' ''.A

M N ' A

M ' ' B ' ' B N


B ' ''.B

M N ' B
: ( '' A '' )B
( ).

:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .


.
.

4
() .

,
.
( ) .

sin . , .


)heat unit( = HU .
HU = I V T K
HU = W K
= K .

:
.

,
( . ).

625 .

150 .

, ,
.
00 .
3000 RPM .
0.02 .

:
.

s
, .

,
.


, , ,

.


.
(

) .

.
.

.
( )
.

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y . x .
.
1000khu 75khu
.
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.
.600khu
600khu .


.1 .
.2
.
.3 .
.

C.T. .
.


/ .
3
.1 ( . )
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, (
).
, .
.2
:

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,
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().
.

.
. .
.
.
,100% .

.3
, .

.


, ()D.C.
( )A.C. ,
.
.
A.C. .
.
= .cycle /
D.C. .
.
.

.

.
A.C. .


= Xo
= 3600
3600
2 7200.
= 200
,200 400 . 600
.

.
=t
= ()

= t
2f =

= f

=
V(t) = Vm sin2f t
= Vm
V(t) = Vm sin t
V(t) = Vm sin
= 22
360 22 57.20

= .57.20 .
.6.28
22 = 6.28

.
, .
900 , 1800
( ) , 1800
. ( )3600
.
. V max . V min
( ) ,
, , .

.
B .A
A B .
.
A B - 1800 .
A B , .


3 1200 .
50 ( ).
3.
3 3 .
3 , .

/
.
.
( , )...
( )
.


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( )
.
MA .
.
MA ( , ).
.
50% .
,

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.
.
,
.
,
( . ).
.
.

50 ( ):
N .

P
PN N P , .
PN .

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/
2 2 -
A B C
B A .C

A , .C
B , , B .C

.
(
).
-
( )C () .
, (.)peek
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, , ,
.
.
3 3 3 ,

.

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6 .
6 12.
, .

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, .
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,
.

3 50 .

, .

, , ,
( ) ,
.
5000 , ,
( , ).

- -

, , .
98%.

KV .

.
KV.
, ,
.

-Ma .

.
, .
.

( S) .
.
,
.

Ma + S = Mas
- Mas.

.
.
.
Ma .

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

?
:

.
/ .

/ =

log10

( ) =

( )

100%

0.3

50%

0.5

0.6

25%

0.25

10

10%

0.1

100

1%

0.01

1000

0.1%

0.001

10000

0.01%

0.0001

0 .

/ mas kv (
)
/ ,mas mas
.
: 3 mas .3

X :


, .
95% .
?

.
.

.

.
: , .

14

.
P (Z : E) 3

(14 : 7)3 = 23 = 8

.8
,1.85 8
(14 : 7)3 1.85 15

.
.
- d

I out = I in e

I out
e

I in

( )

d I in = I out .
d I out
(HVL = )50%
, HVL.
HVL .
HVL , 50%
, HVL
.

- Kv
.

( 25 kv )0.5A

( 40 kv )0.3A

61%

77%

1"

0.4%

24%

1"

61 : 0.4 = 152.5

77 : 24 = 3.2

.
( )
( )


/ .

.
,
.
?

Kv kv .

kv

().

()
.
:

, .
: , (
)
: .

.
: () .
: , .

.
: , .
.

.


.
: .

() .
.

.
: .

60 - 140/150 .
.

.
.
1:16 .1:5
: .

, .

120kv

95kv

70kv

2.5

3.5

1:0

2.5

3.25

4.75

1:1

3.75

5.25

1:12

3.25

5.75

1:11

2.75

3.5

5.75

1:0

3.25

4.25

6.75

1:1

kv .
.


, mas
.

110kv

85kv

60kv

1:0

4.25

3.75

1:1

6.75

5.75

1:11

6.25

5.75

1:0

7.5

6.75

1:1

, mas .

kv mas ,
, mas
.

1:0

1:0

: .

.100kv

.100kv

1:1

1:1

: 1:5

: 1:16.

.1:8

.120kv

.140kv
.

1:12

1:11

: .1:8

: .

.120kv 130kv

.120kv 130kv
: mas.

, .
/ .
.
,
.
.
.
.
.


( )
.
.

x .
, , .

.


( )ma .
, .
kv , .
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,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
/.


2.
, ,
.
.

, .
,
.
, .
.

.
.
.

.
= 160kv".


3 .
3? ( )
o

, .

4kv 16kv
80kv
o

-40kv

. +40kv

( ) -39,990v

.40,000v
kv.

3 ,
.



.
)
R

(
n

Vin .

IA (.)ma
VA .

.
kv Vin .
kv kv mas
ma s ma s mas .
.


kv .mas
kv kv .

o

ma.

- Falling load

800ma 0.2s
600ma 0.1s .400ma


.
,
.


.
: .


().
, .

.

*************************************************************************************************
( ).


.
/
.

:
o

kv .

(
)... :
o

ma
o

Fix carnet ma .

Falling load mas s.

( )
.
.
10 ,
,

....
.


.
:
o

-
o

-
/
.
,
.

= 0 0 = V .

.

.
mili sec .
, .


.
/ (
).

3 kv ,

.
x ray .

50.
16 50.
3 3
.
.


, .
.
110V .

, ,
.
.DC 110v
DC
.AC
DC AC .5k Hz

.

DC AC ? DC
DC AC
.AC
DC
.

.
.


, , (
) , .
.


, ,
.
.
' ( ) 0 ,1 ,
.
' 1 .2

.
.
mas , .


.
.

.
,
.

Ma.

-
, ( )
.
, .
.


.
, mas
.ma
ma .s
kv .

,
.

.
.

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.

.

.
.
,
.

.
.
.

Impute phosphor .
: .

.
: .

.
40kv
: , .

Output phosphor
: .

.
9 ( )
0.9 ( ).


9
0.9.

( ).
100


.
"
4000 = 100 40
4000 .

.
-

14

= cd

= mr

= m
= sec

1000 .

4000 56

.
.

9
.
6 .50%
" .
.
12
.

.

( .)ma

.
ma


.

.
= .
= .
( = ).

, .
ma
.0.4 0.5
.

1 volt ,
.

Cine 50 .

.
cine .

105 12 .
.

.
.
- cine ( 105
) .
.
cine .cine
105 (
) .105
( ).

()
100% ( ) 80%
80% cine 105 20%.
20% .
.
1005 .
cine 105 .
.
cine ,
.

?

.
.

+.

, .

( D.R. ).
D.R. , .

ma .
() ( )
ma .
kv .
.

( ) .
.


2 .0 ,1

10

11

100

101

110

111

1000

1001

10

1010


1010 2 ( , )...
2 ( = ,0 = ,1 = ,2 = .)3
.
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 20 = 0
8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10


.
, .
( , ,
).
.
. -0.3v - +0.7v
( )

( -
).

( -
).

.
.

0.7 .

, .
( = )
, .
, ,
.

, ,
( . ).
( gain) .

.
,
.
-0.3v - +0.7v .1 voult
0.7v .
0.7v .
1voult , 1 voult
.

( ).

(
).


.)automatic gain control) AGC
1 voult .
.
( ) .
1 voult
.1 voult
1 voult
.1 voult

AGC

.
( -
/ )

.
(
/ ).

?
3

ma .

kv .

,
.
.

( ).
kv ma
.
.
.
.ma

3 .
3 ( )
) - (Digital control unit
.

, -
, , control ( cpu
)processing unit .

D/A A/D
A/D ( )
( ).
D/A - ( )
( ).
,
.
.

, kv ma .
.sec
( T ).
.


"" .
.

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