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S GIO DC V O TO
THNH PH H CH MINH

K THI CHN I TUYN HC SINH GII

LP 12 THPT NM HC 2011-2012
MN THI: TON

Ngy thi th nht: 19 - 10 - 2011

Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht.

CHNH THC

Bi 1: (4 im)
Gii h phng trnh sau :

x y +1 = (y + 1) x

2x 2 9x + 6
2
= y +1
4x + 18x 20 + 2
2x 9x + 8

Bi 2: (4 im)
Cho hai ng trn ( O1 ) v ( O2 ) ct nhau ti A v B. Trn tia i ca tia AB ly im
M. Ct tuyn qua B ct ( O1 ) v ( O2 ) ln lt ti C v D (B nm gia C v D). ng
thng MC ct ( O1 ) ti P khc C. ng thng MD ct ( O2 ) ti Q khc D. Gi O l tm
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ACD, E l giao im ca PB v AC, F l giao im ca
QB v AD. Chng minh rng MO vung gc vi EF .
Bi 3: (4 im)

Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng, chng minh rng:

1
1
1
3
+
+

a (b + 1) b(c + 1) c(a + 1) 1 + abc

Bi 4: (4 im)

Cho a thc P(x) = x 2012 mx 2010 + m (m 0) . Gi s P( x) c 2012 nghim

thc. Chng minh rng trong cc nghim ca P( x) c t nht mt nghim x 0 tho
mn x 0 2 .
Bi 5: (4 im)
Cho cc s nguyn x, y. Bit rng: x2 2xy + y2 5x + 7y
v x2 3xy + 2 y2 + x y u chia ht cho 17.
Chng minh rng: xy 12x + 15y chia ht cho 17.
HT

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P N
Bi 1

x y +1 = (y + 1) x

2x 2 9x + 6
2

4x
+
18x

20
+
= y +1

2x 2 9x + 8

(1)
(2)

5
TX : x 2; , y 1
2

T (2) , t t = 4x 2 + 18x 20 = (x 2)(10 4x), 0 t

f ( t ) = t +1+

(t) = 1

1
xt hm s
2

4
1
t 0;
t +4
2
2

8t

( t 2 + 4)

t 4 + 8t 2 + 16 8t

( t 2 + 4)

t 4 + 7t 2 + ( t 4 )

( t 2 + 4)

>0

Suy ra f ( t ) f ( 0 ) = 2

y +1 2 y 3
ln(x) ln(y + 1)
Ta c (1)
=
x
y +1
ln(t)
Xt hm s g ( t ) =
vi t > 0
t
1 ln t
; g/ ( t ) = 0 t = e
g/ ( t ) =
2
t
Suy ra g ( t ) ng bin trn ( 0;e ) , g ( t ) nghch bin trn ( e; + )
Suy ra

ln x ln 2
5
Do x 2; ( 0;e ) suy ra

x
2
2
ln(y + 1) ln 4 ln 2
Do y 3
suy ra

=
y +1
4
2
T (3) v (4) ta suy ra h c nghim duy nht l x = 2; y = 3
Th li thy tha mn.

(3)
(4)

Bi 2
Gi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BPQ, c EF l trc ng phng ca 2
ng trn (I) v (O)
EF OI
chng minh MO vung gc vi EF ta chng minh M, I, O thng hng.
C MP.MC = MA.MB = MQ.MD = k
Php nghch o cc M, phng tch k bin :
C
P
B
A

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D
Q
ng trn (ACD) khng i qua M. Theo tch cht php nghch o ta c M, I, O thng
hng.
M
P
Q
E

A
F

O1

O2
B
D

Bi 3
1
1
1 a + ab + 1 + abc
1 1+ a
b(1 + c)

+
=
+

a(b + 1) 1 + abc 1 + abc

a(b + 1)
b +1
1 + abc a(b + 1)

1
1
1 b + bc + 1 + abc
1 1+ b
c(1 + a)
+
=
+

b(c + 1) 1 + abc 1 + abc

b(c + 1)
c +1
1 + abc b(c + 1)

1
1
1 1+ c
a(1 + b)
+
=
+

c(a + 1) 1 + abc 1 + abc c(a + 1)

a +1

Cng theo v:
1
1
1
3
+
+
+
a(b + 1) b(c + 1) c(a + 1) 1 + abc
=

1 1+ b
c(1 + a)
1+ a
b(1 + c)
1+ c
a(1 + b)
+
+
+
+
+

1 + abc b(c + 1)
c +1
a(b + 1)
b +1
c(a + 1)
a +1

1
i6
1 + abc

pcm
Bi 4
Gi x1, x2,..., x2012 l cc nghim ca P(x) P(x) = (x x1 )(x x 2 )...(x x 2012 )

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(1 x1 )(1 x 2 )...(1 x 2012 ) = 1

Ta c P(1) = P(1) = 1
(1 + x1 )(1 + x 2 )...(1 + x 2012 ) = 1
Suy ra (x12 1)(x 22 1)...(x 22012 1) = 1 , t ta c pcm.

Bi 5:
Ta c x2 3xy + 2y2 + x y
= (x-y)(x-2y+1) chia ht cho 17
x y chia ht cho 17
Hoc x 2y + 1 chia ht cho 17
x = y (mod 17) x2 2xy + y2 - 5x +7 y
y2 2y2 + y2 5y +7y 2y (mod 17)
Nn x2 2xy + y2 - 5x +7 y chia ht cho 17
2y v y : chia ht cho 17
M x y (mod 17) x chia ht cho 17
xy - 12x +15y cng chia ht cho 17
x 2y - 1 (mod 17)
x2 2xy + y2 - 5x +7 y
y2 5y +6 (mod 17)
V xy - 12x +15y 2(y2 5y +6) (mod 17)
Nu x2 2xy + y2 - 5x +7 chia ht cho 17 th xy - 12x +15y cng vy.