University of Duhok Faculty of Engineering&Applied Sceince School of Engineering

2nd stage
Experiment Name: Experiment No: #2 Student Name : Ammar Sabri Andrawous Asmaro
Date of work: 27-10-2011

RUNING & REVERSING

Group : A-1

Groups Names:

1. Ammar 2. Akeed 3. Idress

OPERATION OF D.C MOTORS RUNING & REVERSING

THEORY:-

For the D.c motors the armature current (Ia) is Ia=(v-Eb)/Ra.(1) & Eb=KN Then:N=(V-Ia Ra)/K.(2) Where: V=Voltage across the armature Ra=Armature resistance N=speed =Magnetic flux K=Constant

Equation (2)shows that 1-The speed of the motor is proportional to the voltage across the armature. 2-The speed of the motor inversely proportional with excitation current.

Procedure

1-We connected the circuit that shown below:

Ra.ext

I If
225V Rf.ext E1

A1
V

E2

M A2

2- we ensured that the resistance of the armature circuit is in its maximum value and the field circuit resistance is in its minimum value. 3-We switched on the motor at a constant armature voltage.

4- By changing the field current by varying Rf ext we noticed the variation of the motor speed if the value of If decreases the value of Rf will increases and the speed of motor will be increased and so on. 5-When field current is at a constant value and the voltage across the armature is being changed. If the value of voltage is increased, the speed of the motor decreases. 6-We stopped the motor by switching off the main supply

Changing the direction of rotation :

We changed the direction of rotation by:1-Changing the polarity of the armature circuit applied voltage -We changed the polarity of the armature by putting A1 instead of A2 and A2 instead A1 then we turned the motor on by this the direction of the motor will change from clockwise to anticlockwise.

2-Changing the polarity of field circuit applied voltage (Change Of the field current direction) -In first the direction of rotation is clock wise by changing the polarity of field circuit E1,E2 the direction will be change it to anticlockwise..

Questions:
Note: if we change both field and armature applied voltage polarity, the direction of rotation will not change.

1-How is the torque developed by a D.C motor? On which factor does it depend?

The torque developed by D.C motor is directly proportional to the flux and armature current it depends on the following factors that shown in this eq. E= NZ/60(P/A) 2- What is the back E.M.F of a D.C motor? Is it more or less than the voltage applied to the armature? As the motor armature rotates ,the system of conductor comes across alternate north and south pole magnetic fields cause in e.m.f induced is in the direction opposes the flow of current in motor operation it is called back e.m.f . Back e.m.f is less than the voltage applied to the armature. Eb=V-Ia Ra

3-How can the direction of rotation change? If the line terminal are reversed ,will the direction of rotation change ?why? -We can change the direction by changing the polarity of A1&A2 and we can by change the polarity of E1&E If the line terminals are reversed the direction of rotation will not change. 4-Discuss the results and observation notice. In the result we know that: 1.By increasing the Rf external the fail current decrease and speed of motor will increase. 2. By decreasing Ra external Ia will increase and speed of motor increase? 3. By decreasing the supply volt the rpm decrease . 4. The direction of rotation for above steps for clock wise.