95HE-4 Sr. No. 2 EXAMINATION OF MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER Function: Marine Engineering at Operational Level HEAT ENGINES M.E.O.

Class IV (Time allowed - 3hours) Afternoon Paper

India (2004)

Total Marks 100

NB : (1) All Questions are Compulsory (2) All Questions carry equal marks (3) Neatness in handwriting and clarity in expression carries weightage (4) Illustration of an Answer with clear sketches / diagrams carries weightage. 1. 2. Steam at 15.0 bar is throttled in a reducing valve to 8.0 bar. If the reduced pressure steam is dry saturated, calculate the dryness fraction of the steam before throttling. A liquid of density 0.8 g/ml, specific heat 2.5 kJ/kg K, and temperature 27o C, is mixed with another liquid of density 0.82 g/ml, specific heat 1.9 kJ/kg K and temperature 55o C, in the ratio of one of the first liquid to three of the second by volume. Find the resulting temperature. A four-cylinder, single-acting, two-stroke engine develops 300 kW indicated power when the mean effective pressure is 6.28 bar and the speed is 4.5 rev/s. (a) If the stroke is 25% greater than the cylinder diameter, calculate the diameter of the cylinders and the stroke to the nearest millimetre. (b) When burning fuel of calorific value 42 MJ/kg the fuel consumption is 0.225 kg/kWh (indicated), find the indicated thermal efficiency. The refrigerating effect of a plant using ammonia as the refrigerant is 800 kJ/min. At the exit points of the components the conditions of the refrigerant are: Evaporator, dry saturated vapour at 1.902 bar Compressor, vapour at 7.529 bar and 66C Condenser, saturated liquid at 7.529 bar Calculate (i) the mass flow of the refrigerant through the plant, in kg/min, (ii) the heat rejected in the condenser, in kJ/min, and (iii) the output power of the compressor inkW. In an experiment to determine the coefficient of cubical expansion of an oil, a glass vessel of 40 ml capacity was filled with the oil at a temperature of 15C. When the vessel and oil was heated to 65C the quantity of oil spilt over from the vessel was 1.57 ml. Taking the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass as 8.5 x 10-6 /C, calculate the coefficient of cubical expansion of the oil. Taking the characteristic gas constant R for nitrogen as 0.297 kJ/kgK, calculate (a) the mass of 0.05 m3 of nitrogen at 550 kN/m2 and 28C, (b) the volume of 1 kg nitrogen at 1 MN/m2 and 0C.

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In a single-stage air compressor the diameter of the cylinder is 250 mm, the stroke of the piston is 350 mm, and the clearance volume is 900 cm3. Air is drawn in at a pressure of 0.986 bar and delivered at 4.1 bar. Taking the law of compression to be pV1.25 = C, calculate the distance travelled by the piston from the beginning of its compression stroke when the delivery valves open. Steam at 7.5 bar is admitted to an engine cylinder and cut off at 0.34 of the stroke. The back pressure is 1.7 bar. Neglecting clearance, calculate the hypothetical mean gross pressure and mean effective pressure. Explain the working of the impulse turbine with the aid of velocity diagrams at entrance and exit of the rotor blades (moving blades). The analysis of a sample of a coal is 81% carbon, 5% hydrogen, 5.6% oxygen, 1% sulphur, and the remainder is ash. Calculate the calorific value.

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