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Today's Objectives:: Mechanics, Units, General Procedure For Analysis, Vectors
Today's Objectives:: Mechanics, Units, General Procedure For Analysis, Vectors
Resolvea2Dvectorinto components
WHATISMECHANICS?
Studyofwhathappenstoathing (thetechnicalname isBODY)whenFORCES areappliedtoit.
Eitherthebodyortheforces canbelargeorsmall.
BRANCHESOFMECHANICS
Mechanics
Fluids
Statics
Dynamics
Incompressible
Compressible
UNITSYSTEMS
Force,mass,timeandaccelerationarerelatedbyNewtons 2nd law. Threeoftheseareassignedunits(calledbaseunits) andthefourthunitisderived.Whichisderivedvariesby thesystemofunits. Wewillworkwithtwounitsystemsinstatics: InternationalSystem(SI) U.S.Customary(USCS)
Table11inthetextbooksummarizestheseunitsystems.
Example:Convertatorquevalueof47in lbintoSIunits.
Answeris5.31026116N m?
THEINTERNATIONALSYSTEMOFUNITS (Section1.4) Noplurals(e.g.,m=5kg,notkgs ) Separateunitswitha (e.g., metersecond=m s) Mostsymbolsareinlowercase.SomeexceptionsareN, Pa,MandG. Exponentialpowersapplytounits,e.g.,cm cm=cm2 Compoundprefixesshouldnotbeused. Table13inthetextbookshowsprefixesusedintheSI system
AME 2113: STATICS 8
NUMERICALCALCULATIONS (Section1.5)
Musthavedimensionalhomogeneity. Dimensionshavetobe thesameonbothsidesoftheequalsign,(e.g.distance=speed time.)
Useanappropriatenumberofsignificantfigures.Why?
PROBLEMSOLVINGSTRATEGY: IPE,A3StepApproach
1.Interpret: Read carefullyanddeterminewhatisgiven and whatistobefound/delivered.Ask,ifnotclear.If necessary,makeassumptions andindicate them. 2.Plan: Thinkaboutmajorsteps (oraroadmap)thatyouwill taketosolveagivenproblem.Thinkof alternative/creative solutionsandchoosethebest one. 3.Execute: Carryoutyoursteps.Useappropriatediagrams and equations.Estimate youranswers.Avoidsimple calculationmistakes.Reflect on/reviseyourwork.
AME 2113: STATICS 10
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REMINDER - VECTORS
Magnitude Direction NOTE we will focus on 2D as it is easier to visualize, but the same principles apply to 3D
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APPLICATIONOFVECTORADDITION
Therearethreeconcurrent forcesactingonthehook duetothechains. Weneedtodecideifthe hookwillfail(bendor break). Todothis,weneedtoknow theresultantforceactingon thehook.
FR
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SCALARSANDVECTORS (Section2.1)
Scalars Vectors
VECTOROPERATIONS (Section2.2)
ScalarMultiplication andDivision
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VECTORADDITIONUSINGEITHERTHE PARALLELOGRAMLAWORTRIANGLE
ParallelogramLaw:
Trianglemethod (alwaystiptotail):
Howdoyousubtractavector? Howcanyouaddmorethantwoconcurrentvectorsgraphically?
AME 2113: STATICS 17
RESOLUTIONOFAVECTOR
Resolution ofavectorisbreakingupavectorinto components.
Itiskindoflikeusingtheparallelogramlawinreverse.
AME 2113: STATICS 18
ADDITIONOFASYSTEMOFCOPLANARFORCES(Section2.4) Weresolve vectorsinto componentsusingthexandy axissystem. Eachcomponentofthevectoris shownasamagnitudeanda direction. Thedirectionsarebasedonthexandyaxes.Weusethe unitvectors i andj todesignatethexandyaxes.
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The x and y axis are always perpendicular to each other. Together, they can be directed at any inclination.
AME 2113: STATICS 20
ADDITIONOFSEVERALVECTORS
Step1 istoresolveeachforce intoitscomponents. Step2 istoaddallthex componentstogether,followed byaddingalltheycomponents together.Thesetwototalsare thexandycomponentsofthe resultantvector. Step3 istofindthemagnitudeand angleoftheresultantvector.
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ANEXAMPLEOFTHEADDITIONOFSEVERALVECTORS:
Breakthethreevectorsintocomponents,thenadd them. FR =F1 +F2 +F3 =F1x i+F1y j F2x i +F2y j +F3x i F3y j =(F1x F2x +F3x) i +(F1y +F2y F3y) j =(FRx) i +(FRy) j
AME 2113: STATICS 22
Youcanalsorepresenta2Dvectorwithamagnitudeand angle.
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EXAMPLE (continued)
F1 ={0 i + 300 j }N F2 ={ 450cos (45)i +450sin(45)j }N ={ 318.2i +318.2j }N F3 ={(3/5)600i +(4/5)600 j }N ={360 i + 480j }N
AME 2113: STATICS 25
EXAMPLE (continued) Summingupallthei andj componentsrespectively,weget, FR ={(0 318.2+360)i +(300+318.2+480) j }N ={41.80i +1098j }N Usingmagnitudeanddirection: FR =((41.80)2 +(1098)2)1/2 =1099N =tan1(1098/41.80)=87.8 x y
FR
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