Designing and Operating a Sustainable Campus

Indian Institute of Technology Rajasthan

Herb Debban Associate Laboratory Director Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA

Professor Anil Dewan School of Planning and Architecture IP Estate New Dehli
December 2011

Course Objectives

Provide introduction to sustainability

Demonstrate sustainable best practices as related to campus development through a review of case studies
Provide planning tools

Review submittals for a Sustainable Campus Master Plan for IIT Rajasthan
2 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

About me
Associate Laboratory Director, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA More than 30 years of experience in facilities operation, engineering and management Helped ORNL achieve ambitious plan for laboratory modernization and sustainability Leadership co-sponsor ORNL Sustainable Campus Initiative

ORNL is the U.S. Department of Energys largest science and energy laboratory
$1.65B budget 4,650 employees 3,000 worldwide research guests annually $740M modernization investment Nations largest materials research portfolio Nations most diverse energy portfolio Managing billion-dollar U.S. ITER contribution

Most powerful open scientific computing facility

Worlds most intense neutron source

World-class research reactor

Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

ORNL leads major R&D programs for DOE and other customers
Clean energy technologies Global security Climate science Bioenergy Materials science and engineering Nuclear science and technology Neutron science and technology Computational science and engineering

Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

We are committed to serving the community as a valued partner

Legacy investments

Science and math education

Cultural and community activities

Employee volunteerism

Economic development

Champion for sustainability

One more point

ORNL is a global community

ORNLs Court of Flags features the flags of 89 countries, representing scope of Laboratorys international cooperation
Currently nearly 325 citizens of India are making use of, or have active assignments to make use of, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Course outline

Relevance of sustainability from U.S. and Indian perspective Introduction to sustainable campus models Sustainable campus case studies Key components of a sustainable campus Review of IIT submittals for a Sustainable Master Plan
Class project

Team presentations

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Image from Qatar Green Building Council

Defining Sustainability
Relevance of responsible stewardship of the environment

December 2011 Jodhpur

Population impact is intensifying

As the human race celebrates its growth past the 7 million mark, the joy is accompanied by the realization of the everincreasing pressure on resources Per a recently released report from the UN Population Fund, the Earth now takes 18 months to regenerate the natural resources that we use in a year new estimates see a global human tally of 9.3 billion at 2050 and more than 10 billion by centurys end. Times of India
10 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

What is sustainability?
Sustainability: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
United Nations statement

Economic

Economic development: Ensure that the financial and economic needs of current and future generations are met
Environmental stewardship: Ensure a clean environment for current and future generations and use resources smartly Society: Improve the quality of life for all people
11

Social

Environment & Energy

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Sustainability is the defining challenge for our time

What we do will profoundly influence:
Climate change Global security Economic competitiveness Quality of life

12

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Non-sustainable practices significantly impact worlds most populous regions

One-third of humanity, mostly in Africa and South Asia, face the biggest risk from climate change

LandScan population dataset

13 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Freshwater reliability/ availability

Sea level rise

Bangladesh, India and the Democratic Republic of Congo are among 30 countries with extreme exposure to climate shift
From Maplecroft, British firm specializing in risk analysis
14 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011 Overview_kpt_0730

World energy consumption is projected to increase by 49 percent from 2007 to 2035

739 590 639 687

495 348 366 398

1990

1995

2000

2007

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

Fossil fuels account for 75% of worlds CO2 emissions

15 Source: Reference case, International Energy Outlook 2010, DOE/EIA-0484(2010), Energy Information Administration, May 2010 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Quadrillion Btu

543

16

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Energy use increases with economic development

400
United States

Primary energy per capita (GJ)

300
Russia

Australia

200
South Korea Malaysia Greece Mexico Brazil

France

Japan United Kingdom

Ireland

100

China

India

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

GDP per capita (PPP 2000 $)

Source: UN and DOE EIA; Russia data 19922004 only
17

From David L. Greene, ORNL

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Energy use and CO2 emissions, 19802005

Todays technology
Australia

United States Russia improvement (19922005)

Technology

United Kingdom Greece

Ireland Japan France

China Thailand India Brazil

South Korea Malaysia Mexico

New science and technology

18

From David L. Greene, ORNL

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

CO2 emissions (GtC y-1)

Human activity is affecting global climate

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are increasing rapidly
19901999: +1.5 ppm per year 20002010: +2.0 ppm per year 2010: +2.42 ppm

30
Actual emissions: CDIAC

25 20 15 10 5 1850

450ppm stabilisation 650ppm stabilisation A1FI A1B A1T A2 B1 B2

1900

1950

2000

2050

2100

Three processes are contributing to this increase:

Growth in world economy Increase in carbon intensity Decline in efficiency of CO2 sinks on land and in oceans

Climate forcing is both stronger than expected and sooner than expected
19 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Updated from Raupach et al. 2007, PNAS; Data: Gregg Marland, Thomas Boden-CDIAC 2010; International Monetary Fund 2010

We can break the connection between energy use and CO2 emissions

Todays technology
Australia

United States

Ireland United Kingdom Greece South Korea Malaysia Mexico Brazil India Japan France

Russia improvement (19922005)

Technology

China Thailand

New science and technology

Concept: Steve Koonin; data source: UN and DOE EIA (Russia data 19922004 only)
20 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Energy assurance:

Energy security and climate protection

2030: Oil independence Decrease oil demand and increase liquid fuels to replace 11 million barrels of oil per day 2050: Climate change mitigation Reduce 2005 CO2 emission levels by 50% to 80%

21

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011 Overview _1106

A wide range of energy technologies is needed to achieve these goals

Advanced fossil liquids Biomass energy Carbon capture and sequestration Electrification of transportation Nuclear energy Solar energy Major advances in basic science and supporting technology are needed to ensure success

Wind energy
Major improvements in energy efficiency:
Buildings

Industrial processes
Transportation Electricity generation and distribution

D. L. Greene et al., The Importance of Advancing Technology to Americas Energy Goals, Energy Policy 38, 38863890 (2010)
22 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Successful deployment of all of these technologies is important

Meeting both goals with a 95% confidence level requires a high probability of success (>50%) for all 11 technology areas No set of <7 successful technologies could achieve both goals Every technology has a strong influence on the chances of achieving both goals Some technologies are almost indispensable:
Carbon capture and sequestration Advanced fossil liquids Biomass energy Battery electric or fuel cell vehicles Energy efficiency technology for buildings

23

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Buildings efficiency ranks among top three for CO2 reduction and petroleum dependence
Frequency with which Technologies Appear in Sets Achieving Both Goals
Reduction in CO2: -0.6 Petroleum S-D Change: 11 mmbd 138 144

160 140 120

144 130

Frequency

100 80 60 40 20 0
C C S Po w er as s er
78 78 78 80 72

84

82

Presentation_name 24

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

E ffi Bu ci en ild cy in gs Ef In fic du ie Ef nc st fic ria y ie lE nt ffi El ci ec en t. cy G Ad en va .& nc D ed is tr . Fo ss il Li qu id s

rg y

En e

W in d

Bi om

rP

le a

So la r

N uc

D riv

e El ec Tr an sp or ta tr i c tio

eh ic le s

ow

The major energy transformations of the past have been driven by technology and the market, i.e., a financial bottom line Can a future transition be driven by a triple bottom line of economy, society and the environment?

Biomass

Coal

Petroleum

Animals

Natural Gas

From David L. Greene, ORNL

Nuclear

Source: A. Grubler, 2007, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.

25 Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Energy use in Buildings key issue in climate change

Buildings responsible for >40 percent of global energy use and one-third of global gas emissions compared to all energy end-use sectors Building-related GHG emissions = 8.16 million metric tons CO2e
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007)

Building GHG emissions could double by 2030 under IPCCs high-growth scenario
26

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

World GHG emissions 2005

Three major means to reduce GHG emissions from buildings Reduce energy use* Replace fossil fuels with renewables

Increase energy efficiency*

Reduce energy use Increase energy efficiency

*Easiest and least expensive

28

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

Make sustainability a cornerstone of your career

Leaders in the triple bottom line of economic, environmental and societal sustainability will define the 21st century

29

Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

Debban IIT Rajasthan December 2011

Ultimate goal?

30

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011

 I am only one, but I am one. I cannot do everything, but I can do something. And I will not let what I cannot do interfere with what I can do.
Edward Everett Hale
American Clergyman and Writer 1822-1909

31

Debban IIT Rajasthan Introduction December 2011