DATA STORAGE

SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION (SMC)

 Computer

data Storage, otherwise referred to as Storage or memory refers to Computer components and recording media that retain digital data. Data storage is one of the core functions and fundamental component of computers. A digital computer represents data using the binary numeral system.
SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION (SMC)

 Information

is encoded as patterns of 0s and 1 in computers. These digits are called bits (short for binary digits). They are symbols whose meaning depends on the application at hand. Sometimes patterns of bits are used to represent numeric values; sometimes they represent characters in an alphabet and punctuation marks; sometimes they represent images; and sometimes they represent sounds.
SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION (SMC)

BOOLEAN OPERATIONS To understand how individual bits are stored and manipulated inside a computer, it is convenient to imagine that the bit 0 represents the value false and the bit 1 represents the value true because that allows us to think of manipulating bits as manipulating true/false values. Operations that manipulate true/false values are called Boolean operations, in honour of the mathematician George Boole (18151864), who was a pioneer in the field of mathematics called logic.

 Three

of the basic Boolean operations are AND, OR, and XOR (exclusive or) These operations are similar to the arithmetic operations TIMES and PLUS because they combine a pair of values (the operations input) to produce a third value( the output). In contrast to arithmetic operations, however, Boolean operations combine true/false values rather than numeric values.

GATES AND FLIP FLOPS

A

device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when given the operations input values is called a gate. Inside todays computers, gates are usually implemented as small electronic circuits in which the digits 0 and 1 are represented as voltage levels. Gates can be constructed from a variety of technologies such as gears, relays.

A PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF AND, OR, XOR, AND NOT GATES AS

WELL AS THEIR INPUT AND OUTPUT VALUES

flip-flop is a circuit that produces an output value of 0 or 1, which remains constant until a temporary pulse from another circuit causes it to shift to the other value.

In other words, the output will flip or flop between two values under control of external stimuli

 Gates

provide the building blocks from which computers are constructed. flops demonstrate how devices can be constructed from gates; a process known as digital circuit design. concept of flip flops provides an example of abstraction and the use of abstract tools.

Flip

The

HIERARCHY OF STORAGE
Primary

Only

CPU. The RAM( small sized, light, volatile) THE ROM(non volatile ,contains a BIOS used to bootstrap a system. The PROCESSOR REGISTERS (aids the CPU in instructing the ALU to perform various calculations on data. PROCESSOR CACHE. stores most actively used information for easy and quick access. Enhances the performance of computers.

storage directly accessible by the

storage

SECONDARY STORAGE

Not

directly accessible by the CPU. The computer uses Input/output channels to access it. Transfers data using Intermediate area in primary Storage Non volatile Slower access time compared to the Primary Storage. Other levels include tertiary and offline storage.

CHARACTERISTICS OF STORAGE
Storage

can be differentiated by evaluating certain core characteristics. Volatility Volatile requires power to maintain stored information. Non Volatile- Suitable for long term Storage Mutability read/write storage Accessibility- Random, Sequential access

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