ii

Bonfire Certificate
This is to certify that this physics demonstration experiment report has been submitted by:He has successfully completed this report under our guidance in the Physics Laboratory during academic year 200809. I am happy that this piece of report of his hard work and dedication.
Priyabrat Prasd Mohapatra Roll no. :-

Mr. B.M.Dalai

Mr. D.K.Sinha

Mr. J.Roy

Mrs. Poly Pattanaik (Principal)

Declaration
This is to certify that I, Priyabrat Prasad Mohapatra of ClassXII of Mothers Public School, Bhubaneswar, has submitted the Physics Demonstration Experiment Report comprising of two demonstration experiments as the evidence of my work in Physics Laboratory under the efficient guidance of Physics Teachers B.M.Dalai, D.K.Sinha & J.Roy.

Priyabrat Prasad Mohapatra

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Aim of the Demonstration Experiment1

Effect of temperature on the Resistance of Filament of an Electric

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Acknowledgement
I express my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. B.M. Dalai & Mr. D.K. Sinha and Mr. J. Roy, for their dynamic guidance and suggestions in preparation of this demonstration report. I am greatly thankful to my father Mr. Pramod Kumar Mohapatra, being a student of the science background, he gave me a proper idea for the presentation of this project.

Priyabrat Prasad Mohapatra

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Content
Sl.no no.
1.

Subject
Aim of Demonstration Experiment no.1. Materials Required. Diagram. Theory. Procedure. Observations. Inference. Aim of Demonstration Experiment no.2. Materials Required. Theory. Procedure. Diagram. Observations. Bibliography.

Page
01 02 03 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 14 16 17

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

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Materials Required
Multimeter Electric Bulb Connecting wires A.C. power sources Handkerchief

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Diagram

eLECtric bulb

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Diagra m

MULTIMETER

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Theory

Multimeter: It is a single measuring device acting as an Ammeter as Voltmeter and an Ohmmeter, for this reason, it is also called AVO meter . R = Resistance of material. l = Length of material. A = Area of cross-section of the material. n = No. density. = Relaxation time. e = Electrical charge. m = Mass of filament.

Then, R = ml/ne(for a particular filament). Thus, the resistance of the material depends on the temperature, I A = = Constant Constant

=> R I/
Thus, the resistance of the material depends on the temperature.

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Procedure

The multimeter knob was turned to Ohmmeter range of 2k. The two lead points were touched with each other and zero reading was confirmed. The bulb was then connected to the two lead points of the multimeter. The resistance of the electric bulb was measured at room temperature. The bulb was then switched on for 5 min., the resistance was measured and was allowed to cool . The electric bulb was again switched for 10 min. and the resistance was measured again. The above procedure was repeated to take one or more set of reading. All the observations were recorded.

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Observation
Resistance of Resistanc Resistanc the filament e of the e of the Rated Sl.no. at room filament filament Resistanc temperature after after e 5 min. 10 min.

1 2

0.15k 0.15k

0.39k 0.67k 0.38k 0.68k

2.116k 2.116k

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Inference
The resistance of the filament of an electric bulb increases with increase in temperature. So, the resistance of the filament is directly proportional to temperature.

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Aim of the Demonstration Experiment2

Study of refraction by keeping a coin at different positions in a beaker containing

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Materials Required
Glass beaker Water Coin

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Theory

Refraction: -

The Phenomenon of bending of a ray of light in while traveling from one medium due to change is velocity is called refraction .

Laws Of Refraction: -

There are two laws of refraction: The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane i.e. - they are co-planar. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence (i) to the sine of angle of refraction (r) is constant for any given pair of media. This law is called Snells law.

i.e. sin i /sin r = Constant

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Total Internal Reflection

The phenomenon by virtue of which a ray of light is sent back to the same medium while traveling from denser medium to rarer medium and angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle is called Total Internal

Reflection. sin c = 1/ c = sin (1/)

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Procedure
A glass beaker was taken and was filled with clear and transparent water. A coin was dropped in the beaker. The coin was first viewed from the top and then from the side of the container. Then the coin was taken out of the beaker and placed below the container. The coin was again viewed from the top and from the side of the container. The observation was recorded.

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Diagram
WHEN THE COIN IS INSIDE THE BEAKER
When viewed from the top.

When viewed from any side.

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Diagram
WHEN THE COIN IS BELOW THE BEAKER
When viewed from the top.

When viewed from any side.

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Observation
Coin is placed inside the beaker.
a)

When viewed from the top, the coin appears to be raised from its actual position as shown in fig.1.a.

b) The coin is also visible when seen from the sides of the glass container as shown in fig.1.b.

a)

Coin is placed below the container.

The coin is visible and also appears to be raised from its actual position when seen from the top as shown in fig.2.a. The coin is invisible from any other side of the beaker due toTotal Internal Reflection as shown in fig.2.b.

b)

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Bibliography
NCErt pradeeps fundamental physics move fast with physics internet

MOTHERS PUBLIC SCHOOL

PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENT REPORTS Submitted By: Priyabrat Prasad Mohapatra Class XII Roll no.: AISSE: - 2008 09 Guided by: Mr. B.M. Dalai Mr. D.K. Sinha Mr. J. Roy