Circuit Theorems Tutorial

Prepared by

Lecturer: Dr. Khmaies Ouahada Course: ETN2B, 2010 B2 Lab 113 Email: kouahada@uj.ac.za

University of Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006

1
1.1

Circuit Theorems

Question no 1

Given V1 = 10V , V2 = 20V , R1 = 6, R2 = 1, R3 = 2, R4 = 3, R5 = 10.

R1
a

R3

V1

I
+

R2

R4

R5 V2

1. Draw the circuits corresponding to each voltage sources alone based on the superposition theorem. 2. Calculate the current I by applying the superposition theorem.

1.2

Question no 2

Given V1 = 10V , V2 = 20V , R1 = 6, R2 = 4, R3 = 5, R4 = 3, R5 = 2. 1. Draw the circuits corresponding to each voltage sources alone based on the superposition theorem. 1-1

1. Circuit Theorems
R1 R3

V1

R2 R4 I V2
+

R5

2. Calculate the current I by applying the superposition theorem.

1.3

Question no 3

Given V1 = 12V , V2 = 6V , R1 = 4, R2 = 8, I = 6A.

IR

R1

R2

+ V1

V2

1. Draw the circuits corresponding to each voltage sources alone based on the superposition theorem. 2. Calculate the current IR by applying the superposition theorem.

1.4

Question no 4

Given V = 20V , I1 = 10A, I2 = 5A, R1 = 2, R2 = 1, R3 = 3 and R4 = 4. 1-2

1. Circuit Theorems
R1

I1

R2 I2

R3

IR4 R4

+ V

1. Draw the circuits corresponding to each voltage sources alone based on the superposition theorem. 2. Calculate the current IR4 by applying the superposition theorem.

1.5

Question no 5

Given V1 = 70V , V2 = 50V , R1 = 4, R2 = 20, R3 = 2 and R4 = 10.

1. Draw the circuits corresponding to each voltage sources alone based on the superposition theorem. 2. Calculate the current I by applying the superposition theorem.

1-3

1. Circuit Theorems
I1 R1

2I1

R2
+

R3 I R4

V2

V1

1.6

Question no 6

Given V1 = 6V , V2 = 10V and R1 = R2 = R3 = 10. Find the voltage V by applying the superposition theorem.

R2 R1
V
+

R3 V1
+

V2

1.7

Question no 7

Given V1 = 3V , V2 = 2V , V3 = 1V , R1 = 2, and R3 = 1.

1-4

1. Circuit Theorems

R1

I1 R2 V2
+

R3

I3

V1

V3

I2
b

1. Find the current I1 using the preposition theorem if R2 = 0. 2. Find the current I2 using the preposition theorem if R2 = 0. 3. Find the current I1 using the preposition theorem if R2 = 1.

1.8

Question no 8

Given V = 90V , R1 = 8, R2 = 6, R3 = 8 and R4 = 8, R5 = 4 and R6 = 5. Calculate the Thevenin voltage and resistance at the terminals ab of the circuit in the gure below.

R1
+

R2
a

V1

R3 R4 R5
b

R6

1-5

1. Circuit Theorems

1.9

Question no 9

Given V1 = 100V , V2 = V3 = 50V , R1 = 10, R2 = 2, R3 = 5 and R4 = 2 and R5 = 3. Calculate the current I2 in the resistor R3 of the circuit shown in the gure below by using the Thevenins theorem.

R1
+

I1

V2
+

R2 R4
I3

V3
+

V1

R3

I2

R5

1.10

Question no 10

Given V1 = 20V , V2 = 9V , V3 = 50V , V4 = 10V , R1 = 10, R2 = 1, R3 = 20, R4 = 5 and R5 = 2. Calculate the current I3 in the resistor R2 of the circuit shown in the gure below by using the Thevenins theorem.

R2
I2
+
+

V2
+

V3

R3

I3 Ib
+

Ia

I1

I5

V1

R1

R4
I4

V4

R5

1.11

Question no 11

Given I = 24A, R1 = 3, R2 = 6, R3 = 9 and R4 = 10. Calculate the current IR4 in the resistor R4 of the circuit shown in the gure below by using the Nortons theorem.

1-6

1. Circuit Theorems

R2 I

R1

R3

R4
b

1.12

Question no 12

Given V = 30V , I = 10A, R1 = 3, R2 = 5 and R3 = 1. Obtain the Norton equivalent circuit at ab.

R1

R2

R3
b

1.13

Question no 13

Given V = 30V , R1 = 3, R2 = 6, R3 = 4, R4 = 2 and R5 = 5. Find the current in the resistor R5 of the following circuit by Nortons theorem.

1-7

1. Circuit Theorems

R1
+

R3

R2

V1

R4
V1 2 +

R5

1.14

Question no 14

Given V1 = 10V , V2 = 20V , I = 5A, R1 = 5, R2 = 1. Find the current in the resistor R2 of the following circuit by Nortons theorem.

R2

R1
+

V2

V1

1-8

2
2.1
1. .

Circuit Theorems

Question no 1

R1

R3

V1

I1
+

R4

R5

(a)

R1

R3

I2 R2 R4 R5 V2
c (b) d
+

2. Use source transformations or Thevenin theorem to calculate the subcurrents.

* Figure (a): I1 = 0.0636A. 2-1

2. Circuit Theorems

* Figure (b): I2 = 1.744A. * Final: I = I1 + I2 = 0.0636 1.744 = 1.68A.

2.2
1. .

Question no 2

R3 R1 R2 R4 I1 V2
+

R1 V1
+

R3 R2 R4 I2 R5

R5

(a)

(b)

2. .

* we calculate the equivalent resistor and then apply the Ohms law for gure (a).

* Figure (a): Re = ((R1 //R2 + R3 )//R4 ) + R5 * Figure (a): I1 =

V2 Re

10 2+(3(5+[(64)/(6+4)]))/(3+5+[(64)/(6+4)])

= 2.42A.

* we we use the current divider for gure (b).

10 6+(4(5+[(32)/(3+2)]))/(4+5+[(32)/(3+2)])

* Figure (b): IR1 =

= 2.37A.

2-2

2. Circuit Theorems
4 * Figure (b): IR3 = 2.37 4+5+[(32)/(3+2)] = 0.93A.

3 * Figure (b): I2 = 0.93 3+2 = 0.56A.

* Final: I = I1 + I2 = 2.42 + 0.56 = 2.98A.

2.3

Question no 3
IR

R1

R2

+ V1

V2

* source V2 and I are removed * IR =

12 4+8

= 1.0A

* source V1 and I are removed

6 * IR = 4+8 = 0.5A

* source V1 and V2 are removed

8 * IR = 6 4+8 = 4.0A

* Total current
* IR = IR + IR + IR = 1.0 0.5 4.0 = 3.5A

2-3

2. Circuit Theorems

2.4

Question no 4
R3 IR4 R2 IR4 R3 I2 R1 R4

R2

I2

R1

R4

(a) R1

(b)

R2

R3 IR4 R4

+ V

(c)

* Figure (a): sources I1 and V are removed

1 * IR3 = 5 1+3+[(24)/(2+4)] = 0.9375A

2 * IR4 = 0.9375 2+4 = 0.3125A

* Figure (b): sources I2 and V are removed

3 * IR2 = 10 3+1+[(24)/(2+4)] = 5.625A

2 * IR4 = (5.625 2+4 ) = (1.875) = 1.875A

* Figure (c): sources I1 and I2 are removed

2-4

2. Circuit Theorems * IR4 =

20 4+([2(1+3)]/(2+1+3))

= 3.75A

* Total current
* IR4 = IR4 + IR4 + IR4 = 0.3125 + 1.875 + 3.75 = 5.3125A

2.5
I1

Question no 5
R1
I1

R1

2I1

+ +

2I1

R2 R3 I R4 (a) I

R2 V2
+

R3

I I R4 (b)

V1

* Figure (a): source V1 is removed * Using mesh analysis and combining R2 and R3 .
20 * ( 11 + 4)I1 + 2I1 20 I 11

=0

* ( 20 + 10)I + 2I1 11 * I = 4.575A

20 I 11 1

= 50 + 2I1

* Figure (b): source V2 is removed 2-5

2. Circuit Theorems * Using mesh analysis.

* 22I2 2I 20I1 = 70

* 12I 2I2 = 2I1

* 24I1 20I2 = 2I1

* I = 3.425A

* Total current * I = I + I = 4.575 + 3.425 = 8.0A

2.6

Question no 6
R1 R2
+

V1

R2

R3

R1

R3

V1

(a)

(b)

* Figure (a): source V2 is removed * V =

R1 R2 R1 +R2 R R R3 + R 1 2 1 +R2

V1 =

1010 10+10

10+ 1010 10+10

(6) =

5 (6) 15

= 2V

* Figure (b): source V1 is removed 2-6

2. Circuit Theorems * V =
R1 R2 R1 +R2 R R R3 + R 1 2 1 +R2

V2 =

1010 10+10

10+ 1010 10+10

(10) =

5 (10) 15

= 3.33V

* Total voltage * V = V + V = 2 + 3.33 = 5.33V

2.7

Question no 7
R1 I1 R2 V2
+

R3

I3

V1

V3

I2
b

1. I1 when R2 = 0.

* sources V2 and V3 are removed * I1 =

V1 2

3 2

= 1.5A.

* sources V1 and V3 are removed

* I1 = V2 = 2 = 1A. 2 2

* sources V1 and V2 are removed * I1 = 0A.

2-7

2. Circuit Theorems
* I1 = I1 + I1 + I1 = 1.5 + (1) + 0 = 0.5A.

2. I2 when R2 = 0.

* sources V2 and V3 are removed * I2 = V1 = 3 = 1.5A. 2 2 * sources V1 and V3 are removed

* I2 = V2 2

V2 1

2 2

2 1

= 3A.

* sources V1 and V2 are removed * I2 =

V3 1

1 1

= 1A.

* I2 = I2 + I2 + I2 = 1.5 + 3 + 1 = 2.5A.

3. I1 when R2 = 1.

* sources V2 and V3 are removed * I1 =

V1 2+R2 //1

3 2+(1)(1)/(1+2)

= 1.2A.

* sources V1 and V3 are removed

* I2 = V2 R2 +1//2

2 2+(1)(1)/(1+2)

= 1.2A.

1 1 * current divider: I1 = 1+2 I2 = 1+2 (1.2) = 0.4A.

2-8

2. Circuit Theorems * sources V1 and V2 are removed

V3 1+R3 //2 1 1+(1)(2)/(1+2)

* I3 =

= 0.6A.
1 (0.6) 1+2

* current divider: I1 =

R3 I R3 +2 3

= 0.2A.

* I1 = I1 + I1 + I1 = 1.2 + (0.4) + 0.2 = 1A.

2.8

Question no 8
R1
IR1

R2

R1 R3 R4 R5

R2

V1

R3 R4
IR3 IR4

R6
b

R6

R5

b
(B)

(A)

A. Figure (A): Thevenin voltage

R3 (R4 +R5 ) * Re = R1 + [(R4 + R5 )//R3 ] = R1 + [ R3 +R4 +R5 ] = 8 + [ 8(8+4) ] = 12.8 8+8+4

* IR1 =

V Re

90 12.8

= 7.03A.

* VR3 = V R1 IR1 = 90 8IR1 = 90 7.03(8) = 33.75V . * IR3 =

VR3 R3

33.75 8

= 4.22A.

* IR4 = IR1 IR3 = 7.03 4.22 = 2.81A.

2-9

2. Circuit Theorems * VR4 = VT H = IR4 R4 = 2.81 8 = 22.48V . B. Figure (B): Thevenin resistor

* RT H = Rab = 6 +

(4+4)8 4+4+8

= 10.

2.9

Question no 9
R1
+

I1

V2
VT H

R2 R4

V3
+

+ +

V1

IA

R3
(a)

IB

R5

R1
RT H

R2 R4 R5

(b)

a. Figure (a): Thevenin voltage

* mesh analysis for IA : V1 + V2 = (R1 + R2 )IA + R4 (IA IB ) V1 + V2 = (R1 + R2 + R4 )IA R4 IB 100 + 50 = 14IA 2IB . * mesh analysis for IB : V3 +R4 (IB IA )+R5 IB = 0 V3 = R4 IA +(R4 +R5 )IB 50 = 2IA + 5IB .

2-10

2. Circuit Theorems * Solving IA : IA = 12.88A and I1 = IA = 12.88A.

* VT H = V1 I1 R1 = 100 10(12.88) = 28.8V . b. Figure (b): Thevenin resistor

R4 R5 ) 4 +R5 R R R1 +R2 + R 4 5 4 +R5

* RT H =

R1 (R2 + R

10(2+ 23 ) 2+3 10+2+ 23 2+3

10(2+1.2) 10+2+1.2

= 2.42.

I2 =

VT H RT H +5

28.8 2.42+5

= 3.87A

2.10

Question no 10
R2
I2
+
+

V2
+

V3

VT H
+

Ia

I1

Ib
+

I5

V1

R1

R4
I4
(A)

V4

R5

R2

RT H R4 R5

R1

(B)

A. Figure (A): Thevenin voltage 2-11

2. Circuit Theorems

* VT H + V3 V1 + V4 = 0 VT H = 40V B. Figure (B): Thevenin resistor

* RT H = 0.

* I3 current * I3 =
VT H 20+RT H

40 20

= 2A

2.11

Question no 11
R2 I V1 R3 R4

R1

(a)

R2

R1

R3

(b)

a. Figure (a): Norton current

2-12

2. Circuit Theorems * current division: IN =

R1 I R1 +R2

3 24 3+6

= 8A

b. Figure (b): Norton resistor

* RN =

R3 (R1 +R2 ) R3 +R1 +R2

9(3+6) 9+3+6

= 4.5.

* IR4 current * Req =

RN R4 RN +R4

4.510 4.5+10

= 3.10

* V1 = Req IN = 3.10 8 = 24.83V * IR4 =

V1 R4

24.83 10

= 2.5A

2.12

Question no 12

IN

RN
b

* Norton current

* ISC = IN =

V I R1

30 3

= 10A

2-13

2. Circuit Theorems * Norton resistor

* RN =

R1 (R2 +R3 ) R1 +R2 +R3

3(5+1) 3+5+1

= 2.

2.13

Question no 13
R1 V
+ +

R3 R2 V1

R4
V1 2 +

R5
ISC

(a)

B
I0

R1 V
+ +

R3 V1

R2

R4
V1 2 +

R5

RN

B
(b) (c)

a. Figure a: Norton current

V1 R3

V1 /2 R4

ISC = 0

* ISC = 0A

2-14

2. Circuit Theorems * IR5 = 0A

b Figure b: voltage output

* I0 =

V0 V1 R3

V0 +V1 /2 R4

= 3 V0 . 4

c Figure c: Norton resistor

* RN =

V0 I0

4 = 3 .

2.14

Question no 14
VR2

IN

RN

R2

* Norton current

* I + ISC

V2 V1 R1

=0

* IN = ISC = 3A * Norton resistor

2-15

2. Circuit Theorems * RN = 5.

* Norton circuit

V R2 R2

V R2 R1

=3

V R2 1

V R2 5

=3

* VR2 = * IR2 =

15 6

= 2.5V
2.1 1

VR2 R2

= 2.5A

2-16