Professional Documents
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Curriculum For Training AGRIC EXTENSION WORKERS
Curriculum For Training AGRIC EXTENSION WORKERS
1. Forward ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
3. Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
5. Annex I -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
7. Annex II ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
9. Reference --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
1
FORWARD.
The effects of the current war in South Sudan cannot be over emphasised. The Socio-
economic structures have been destroyed and social displacement and insecurity is the
order of the day. Draughts and floods which are more eminent in Bahr el Ghazal has
added more suffering to the community living in this region.
The situation after a long period of relief interventions now warrants a need to make
transitional plans from relief to food self sufficiency and development. This is a process
of transformation from dependency to food self-reliance. The food security situation in
Bahr el Ghazal in general and Aweil East County in particular is characterised by lack of
trained extension workers, poor or low key extension service, resulting to food insecurity.
It is hoped that the trainers will be able to use it as a guide to developing their own
training mannuals. I too hope that the SRRA Agriculture Coordination office will approve
of its use even beyond Bahr-El-Ghazal.
Thank you.
Henry Taban
Agriculture Sector Head
IAS - Kampala.
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I would like to extend my sincere heartfelt appreciation to the following resource persons
who sacrificed to go and sit with me in Yei for several days to put bits and pieces
together to formulate and develop this training curriculum.
3
1. INTRODUCTION:
This training curriculum is compiled to address the problem of lack of trained staff in
Agriculture sector in Aweil East County in Bahr-El-Ghazal. The deficiency has resulted
into poor coverage in Extension services and the consequences has added injury to
continuous dependency on food handouts with little effort to create awareness on its
danger.
The course guidelines originate from the efforts of a seven men team facilitated by
International Aid Sweden (IAS) and led by Henry Taban Solomon; the Agriculture Sector
Head. During the curriculum development workshop in Yei, many reference books and
notes were made available to substantiate the opinions of the technocrats in the workshop.
The result is the production of this document.
It has taken eight working days for the team to put the bits and pieces together to produce
this curriculum. It is hoped that all will be transformed into a reality in order to alleviate
the deficiency so mentioned earlier.
2. TRAINING PROCEDURES:
Course Objectives.
i. To train grassroots community extension workers in basic and effective agricultural
techniques.
ii. Equip the community with trained agriculture workers who will (be committed) help
them identify opportunities available for sustainable Agriculture.
iii. To train Agricultural workers who will transform the community from the tradition on
increased food production, to modern techniques that will improve food production.
iv. To train trainees in modern food crop production and processing techniques and
utilization of the products.
v. To improve on the quality and coverage of extension services in the Region, in order to
transform the community from relief dependency to their own food sufficiency and
Reliance.
vi. To enable the extension workers acquires knowledge and skills, which they, will
disseminate to the community to improve their standard of living.
vii. To make the extension workers become responsible and accountable to their
communities.
viii. To sensitise the extension workers to create awareness in the community, in order to
appreciate and undertake farming as a business and not only cultural entity.
ix. To create awareness for the other stakeholders e.g. local authorities about the existence
of the training centre.
x. To establish a data collection centre in collaboration with SRRA database in the region,
for those other stakeholders who would like to use the information.
4
minimum academic requirement. And the lowest and highest age limits are 18 to 45 years
respectively. Qualified men and women are all given equal opportunity for the training.
(Reference on selection guidelines Annex 1).
2.7 Methodology:
As the trainers are well qualified they will be able to use their expertise to employ as
many comprehensive-teaching methodologies as possible in order to facilitate those
trainees with poor educational background.
The following are a few teaching methods that will mainly be used in the centre.
- Lectures/Brainstorming
- O&A
- Plenary/group discussions
- Classroom and field demonstrations
- Role plays/Drama
5
- Case study
- Field/site visits
- Quiz/assessment tests.
Sample
Marks Grades.
0 – 39% - Failed
40 – 49% - Pass (pass on Certificate)
50 – 59% - Good (Good pass)
60 – 79% - Very good (Credit)
80 – 100% - Excellent (Distinction).
2.8.3 Evaluation:
The trainers and the course content will be evaluated at the end of the course period by the
graduands. The evaluation report is important for improvement in future course
deliverance.
2.8.5 Rules/Regulation:
A set of rules and regulations have been formulated to safe guard the smooth execution of
the training package. A copy will be given to each eligible trainee on arrival. One copy
will be stuck on the notice board in the classroom for the consumption of those concern. A
sample of these rules is on Annex II.
6
1. Extension A 001
2. Agronomy A 002
3. Nutrition A 003
4. Farm management A 004
5. Horticulture A 005
6. Agro-forestry A 006
7. Livestock Production A 007
Objectives:
To equip Agriculture trainees with knowledge and skills that will enable them to help farmers
identify, analyse and deal with their production problems.
Attitudes:
The trainees will be able to appreciate the importance of Agriculture extension in rural
development.
Skills:
To equip trainees with skills and techniques that will enable the rural community identify and
address their own problems.
7
2 AGRICULTURE 2.1. The role of Agriculture Extension
EXTENSION Agent.
AGENT 2.2. Extension agent as 4 hours
- a change agent
- agriculture Advisor
8
7 SOCIAL CHANGE 7.1. Adoption and Diffusion of
innovations
7.2. Innovations:
- Sources of innovations
- Innovation characteristics 5 hrs
affecting the rate of adoption.
7.3 Diffusion:
7.4 Adoption process.
7.5 Stages of adoption process.
7.6 Classification of social change
- Immanent change
- Contract change.
7.7 Barriers to social change.
7.8 Factors motivating people to accept
a change.
- Psychological factors
- Sociological factors
- Economic factors
7.9 Elements of social change
- Stratification and mobility
- conformity and deviant
9
9 COMMUNITY 9.1. Development (Definition)
PARTICIPATION IN Initiating development in the
RURAL village 3 hours
DEVELOPMENT 9.2. -Self-help schemes and social
clubs
-The animation rural
9.3. Group Dynamics
- Traditional African groups
- Modern groups
9.4. Problems of groups.
9.5. Why Extension Agents use groups.
♦ Why extension Agents use
groups
♦ Purpose of group formation
♦ Why individuals join in
groups.
10
10 POWER AND 10.1. Leader
LEADERSHIP 10.2. Influence
Sources of influence
- Legitimacy of position
- Charisma
- Social Control
10.3. Types of power
- Expert power
- Reference power 3 hours
- Reward power.
10.4 Leadership:
Characteristics of leaders
(a) A leader with an internal
orientation.
(b) A leader with external
orientation
(c) Follower
(d) Aloof individual
(e) Deviant
11
12 LEARNING 12.1. Extension Teaching methods.
PRACTICAL 12.2. Classification of extension 4 hours
SKILLS teaching methods
(a) Group methods
- Result demonstration
- Method demonstration
(b) Mass method
♦ Posters
♦ Pamphlets etc
(c) Individual methods.
Home and Farm visits
12.3. Result Demonstration
12.4. Method Demonstration
At the end of the practical session, trainees in their respective groups will be
expected to write a report. This part shall add up to 10% of the final exams.
b) Extension meetings
Students shall be expected to carry out extension meetings in groups. Extension meetings
in the outreach program are aimed at measuring the capability of the trainees in the
communication process.
A prior arrangement to meet with the community and county leaders shall be made by the
students. The training centre shall also write to notify the authority concerned about the
program.
Students shall be given various topics to choose; only one that they will base on, in their
extension message.
Assessment will be done on the sport. There will be a tutor to assess every group wherever
it will be conducting the meeting. This will add up to 10% of the final exams.
12
REQUIREMENTS:
- Manila papers
- Permanent marker pens
- White board markers and White board
Attitude: (b) Trainees will be able to appreciate the content of the subject.
Skill: (c) Equip the trainees with techniques of land preparation and their field
practicals and management.
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4.6 Gapping
4.7 Planting time
14
PRACTICALS
15
Course code 003
HUMAN NUTRITION:
Objectives:
Trainees to understand the importance of nutritional implications in human diet.
Attitudes:
Trainees to appreciate the content of nutrition.
Skills:
Trainees to be equiped with skills for identification of different types of foods and their
preparetion and identification of balanced diet difficiency symbol/diseases.
DIABETS
- Symptoms
- Effcts
- Treatment/control.
5 FOOD 5.1. BACTERIA (Definition)
CONITAMINATION 5.2. Food Bacteria 5 hours
5.3. Food and Water contamination
5.4. Keeping food clean
5.5. Making bitter cassave taste to eat
6 FOOD PRODUCTION 6.1 Measures to be taken in food production.
6.2. PRACTICALS
Methods of food production:
- Steaming 7 hours
- Grilling
- Stewing
- Dip frying
- Shallow frying
- Seasoning
Theory 23 hours
Practicals 7 hours
TOTAL 30 HOURS
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purchase
Carrots 5 kg 60 300
Green grains 5 kg 60 300
Beans 5 kg 60 300
Cow peas 5 kg 60 300
Blue band 2 kg 1000 200
Milk powder 2 kg 1000 2000
Tea 2 kg - 500 local
purchase
Tea strainers 2 pcs - 100
UNTENSILS Deep frying pan 1 pc - 1000
Shallow frying pan 1 pc - 500
Certlery 1 set - 500
Serving spoon 1 pcs - 200
Table knives 2 pcs - 200
Objectives:
To impart knowledge and skills to the trainees so as to enable them assist the rural community
solve their agricultural resource management.
Attitude:
Trainers will appreciate the importance of farm management in the rural economy.
Skills:
To equip trainees with skilss and knowledge that will enable the rural community make proper
use of their land resource.
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3 MEASUREMENTS 3.1 Setting a straight line and a right
angle. 3 hours
3.2 Farm area measurement and area
culculations.
3.3 Culculations of Labout cost in relation
to field area.
4 AGRICULTURE 4.1 Shifting , rotation, momocropping 2 hours
SYSTEMS continuous cropping, mixed cropping,
mixed farming, bush fallowing.
5 FARM TOOLS, 5.1 Farm implements. ------------------ 3 hours
MACHINERY AND Use and care -------------------------
STRUCTURES 5.2 Appropriate machines --------------
5.3 Farm structures
- Fence ----------------------
- Animal shelters -----------etc.
6 FARM RECORDS, 6.1 Importance of keeping farm records, 4 hours
ACCOUNTS AND accounts and procedures.
STORE PROCEDURES 6.2 Farm records
6.3 Financial Documents and books.
- Invoices, receipts, payment
vouchers, delivery notes, purchase
order.
- Ledger books, cash books and
inventories.
6.4 Store procedures: 2 hours
- Requisition slips
- Issue slips
- Receipt slip
- Delivery note (way bills)
- Stock ledger/stock cards
7 AGRICULTURE 7.1 Definition
ECONOMICS 7.2 Factors of production 4 hours
- Land, labour, capital and
management.
7.3 Economic importance of Agriculture
in Southern Sudan.
7.4 Agriculture as a source of foreign
currency for essential imports.
7.5 Agriculture as a source of income to
the farmer.
- Provision of food, shelter, clothing,
drugs, fuel etc.
8 LAND TENURE 8.1 Traditional land tenure. 2 hours
8.2 Present law
9 COST OF PRODUCTION 9.1 Inputs in production 2 hours
9.2 Outputs
- Gross margin/profit …………..
19
10 MARKETING 10.1 Definitions:
- Market 3 hours
- Marketing
OBJECTIVES
Knowledge: To help the trainees understand social, economic and nutritious values of
horticultural crops.
Attitudes: The trainees will be able to appreciate the importance of modern production
techniques, and utilisation of garden and orchard products.
Skills: The trainees will be equipped with modern applicable techniques of Orchard and
garden establishment, management, processing and utilisation.
2.2 Topography
2.3 Protection
20
2.4 Water Point
3.0 Maintenance of soil Fertility 3.1 Farming and formation of soil fertility.
3.3 Compost
3.4 Rotation
5.3 Care
(a) Watering
(b) Desuckering
(c) Mulching
(d) Staking
7.2 Charateristics
2 hours
7.3 Harvesting methods
7.4 Marketing
7.5 Processing
21
VEGETABLES Okra Onion
Water melon Pumpkin 6 hours
Jew melon Kale
Peas Pegion peas
Amarathus
FRUITS TREE
1.2.1 Grafting
1.2.2 Budding
3.3. De-suckering
22
3.6 Pest, disease and control
3.8 Marketing
PRACTICES
TIME ALLOCATION
Theory 34 hrs
Practicals 24 hrs
TOTAL 60 hrs
PRACTICAL REQUIREMENTS
23
1 TOOLS
♦ Hoe 25
♦ Panga 25
♦ Water can 5
2
♦ Wheel barrow
10
♦ Fork hoe 25
♦ Rake 25
♦ Hand fork 10
♦ Fork 3
♦ Budding/Grafting Knife 5
♦ Shovels
2 SEEDS
♦ Okra 4 kg
♦ Onion 2 kg
♦ Jew melon 2 kg
2 kg
♦ Water melon
1 kg
♦ Cucumber 1 kg
♦ Pumpkin 1 kg
♦ Amaranthus 2 kg
♦ Kales 1 kg
♦ Cabbage 3 kg
♦ Carrot 1 kg
TOTAL 20 KG
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Course code 006
AGROFORESTRY.
Objectives.
To equip the trainees with knowledge and practical skills that will enable them to assist farmers to
incorporate trees planting in crop production.
Attitude:
The trainees will be able to appreciate the content of the subject.
Skills:
To equip the trainees with skills and techniques that will assist the rural community plant crops
together with trees that are of economic importance to their daily life.
25
hardening
3.3. Preparation of seed beds, pre- 6 hours
Germination treatment and sowing.
26
-Denuded hill tops
-Along river/stream banks.
8.3 Fuel saving devices
8.3.1. Mudstone construction and use
8.4. Methods of cooking
8.5. Practicals
8.5.1. Construction and use of mudstones
8.5.2. Comparison in timing 4 hours
- Three stones and mud-stove
- Covered and uncovered
looking/boiling of water.
- Cooking in the open and sheltered
places
- Cooking/boiling soaked and dry
beans or maize.
9 Assessment Tests 9.1. At the end of June 1
9.2. In the middle of July 1
9.3. At the end of July 1
9.4. IN the middle of August 1
Time Allocation:
- Theory - 18 hours
- Group discussion
- Role play - 12 hours
- Brainstorming
- Practicals - 20 hours
- Assessment Tests
TOTAL - 50 HOURS
27
m)
10 Spades/Shovels 3 Pcs 15,000@ 45,000
11 Bared wires 4 Rolls 50,000@ 200,000
12 U-nails 10 Kg 2,000@ 20,000
13 Nails 4” +3” 5 Kgs 2,000@ 10,000
14 Clawed hammers 3 Pcs 12,000@ 36,000
15 Saucepans (with 3 Pcs 6,000@ 18,000
lids)
16 Buckets (Plastic) 3 Pcs 3,000@ 9,000
17 Basins 3 Pcs 2,000@ 6,000
18 Nylon rope 2 Rolls 20,000@ 40,000
19 Machetes 5 Pcs 4,000@ 20,000
(pangas)
20 Jerry cans (20 5 Pcs 4,000@ 20,000
litres)
21 Water mugs 3 Pcs 1,500@ 4,500
Chemical 30 Kg - 40,000 Control
Marshal suscon termites
Fencing poles 300 Pcs 500@ 150,000
(wood)
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Course code 007:
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
Objectives
Knowledge:
To trainees so that as extension workers, they can assist small scale farmers in the introduction
and productive Husbandary of animals.
Attitude:
Trainees to appreciate the incorporation of livestock husbandary in crop production.
Skills:
Trainees will be equiped with skills on how to identify livestock feeds, constuents of a balanced
ration , selection of suitable breeding stock and control of pests and diseases.
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3.2.1 Explanation of pasture and types
of pasture
3.2.2 Composition and Evaluation
3.2.3 Suitable available feed stuffs
3.3. Basic Ration formulation
3.3.1 Cattle
3.3.2 Sheep
3.3.3 Goats
3.3.4 Others in Locality.
4 MANAGEMENT 4.1 Importance of management 2 hours
CARE 4.2 Suitable management
4.2.1. Feeding
4.2.2. Housing
5 BREEDING 5.1. Selection creteria
MANAGEMENT 5.2. Mating
5.3. Gestation 2 hours
5.4. Birth
5.5. Weaning
5.6. Pest and disease control -
(issolation).
5.7. Livestock records
6 ANIMAL Introduction to: 4 hours
HEALTH 6.1. Characteristics of health
6.2. Disease
6.3. Definition of disease
6.4 Causes of diesease
6.5 Symptoms of diseases
6.6 Treatment and control
6.7 Parasites
6.7.1. Internal
6.7.2. External
7 ANIMAL 7.1. Introduction 2 hours
PRODUCTS Types of products
7.1.1 Primary products
7.1.2 Secondary products
7.1.3 Their importance
7.1.4 Importance of by-products
8 External Parts of an 1.1 Physical introduction to
1 animal 1.1.1 Cattle
1.1.2 Goal 4 hours
1.1.3 Sheep
1.1.4 Poutry
2 Anatomy 2: Introduction: Physical organs
2.1. Alimentary
2.2. Digestive 3 hours
2.3. Reproductive
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3 Animal Handling Introduction:
3.1. Milking procedures:
3.2. Rope
3.3. Construction of crash
4 Milking 4.1. Animal 4 hours
4.2 Milking untensils
4.3. Milking techniques
4.5. Check for mastitis
Time Allocation
Theory 19 hours
Practicals 11 hours
TOTAL 30 hours
PRACTICALS
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3. RESOURCES/BUDGET.
For the training to succeed, there must be financial implications. The adhoc training
committee presented a list of materials and other financial requirements which are found
in Annex iv.
APPENDICIES
3. Boma Administrators, chiefs and other organised bodies will identify suitable
candidates, at least 5 per county for an interview at county level.
5. Successful candidates shall be sent with an official letter from the county authority to
the training centre introducing the trainees.
6. Each county authority will organise to and for transport of the successful candidates to
the centre not later than the date mentioned respectively.
7. English is the medium for instruction, therefore successful candidates must have
understanding of English.
32
ACIEK AGRICULTURE TRAINING CENTRE
Akuem - ( Aweil East county)
1. Academic Studies:
(i) All trainees must respect all the regulations of the school and instructor.
(ii) All trainees must be punctual in attending classes, practicals and examination.
(iii) All trainees must take special care of the training materials (that is) books,
desk, chairs etc.
(v) Trainees are expected to co-operate with the instructors and other staff.
(vi) All trainees must complete their assignments within given time.
2. Residence:
(i) Trainees must take proper care of furniture, bedding and other property of the
school in their residence.
(ii) No trainee should leave the school at any time without permission from the
school Administration.
(iv) Trainees must keep their dormitories, toilets, bathrooms and the surroundings
clean.
3. Feeding:
(i) All trainees to know and observe time of meals. The school will not cater for
those who miss meals at scheduled time.
33
(ii) No food should be given to visitors by trainees without prior permission form
the instructor.
(iii) Special food will be provided only if the trainees concern produces medical
document from recognised medical practitioner.
(vi) Any problem (s) related to food must be reported immediately to the instructor
on duty.
(vii) All trainees must conduct themselves decently in the dinning hall.
(viii) Only the student in the food committee is allowed to the kitchen.
4. Security/socialisation:
(i) No trainee is allowed to carry any weapon in the dormitory or school
premises.
(ii) Acts such as fights, drunkard ness, strikes, rumour mongering, are forbidden.
(iii) No trainee is allowed to entertain any visitor in the school premises without the
knowledge of Master on duty.
(v) Trainees are no allowed to enter the instructor’s house for any reasons.
(vi) Trainees must respect all the workers within and around the school premises.
(vii) Entertainments will be provided from time to time and trainees are expected to
conduct themselves decently on such occasions.
34
Annex 3: REFERENCE. A
1. AAH (2001) training Curriculum: For Community Based Extension workers. AAH
4. Dugues H. and Leener P. (1989) land and life: African Gardens and Orchards.
Macmillan Publishers.
5. F.A.O (1997) Agriculture, Food and Nutrition a resource book for teachers of
Agriculture, FAO Rome, 1997.
7. IIRR (1998) sustainable Agriculture Extension manual: For Eastern and Southern
Africa.
8. Lawrence 0.0 (2000) training notes: For CRS Sudan. Community Agricultural
Extension Agents.
9. MEL N. (1984) Yei Agricultural training centre, Draft ERAP. Regional Ministry of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Juba.
11. Sharland R.W (1993) Extension Assistant Training manual: For Mundri District.
35
REFRENCE: B
2. IIRR, 1998
Sustainable Agriculture Extension Manual for Eastern and Southern Africa. IIRR,
Nairobi.
36
Annex 4: Budget.
SUB-TOTAL 102,600
A1 Supplies
1. Washing soap carton 6 800 4,800
2. Toilet soap bales 1 499 400
3. Dettol Doz 1 2400 2,400
SUN-TOTAL 7,600
B Agricultural practical
protective wear
1. Gum boots Pairs 30 800 2,400
37
2. Over ralls Pairs 25 1000 2,500
3. Dust coats Pairs 5 500 2,500
4. Rain coats Pairs 30 1000 30,000
SUB-TOTAL 81,500
B1 Training aid
1. White board Pcs 1 17500 17500
2. Seedlings Kg 100 200 20,000
3. Marker pens Pkt 6 450 2,700
4. Exercise books Cartons 2 2880 5,760
5. Pens Pkts 3 400 1,200
6. Pencils Doz 5 120 1,200
7. Rubbers Pkts 1 288 288
8. Rullers Doz 3 120 360
9. Dust baord Pcs 15 50 750
10. File folders Pcs 30 30 900
11. A4 Note books Pcs 15 100 1,500
12. Fullscap Reams 5 500 2,500
13. Photocopiers Pcs 1 150,00 150,000
14. Printers Pcs 1 16,000 16,000
15. Printing papers Reams 2 500 1000
16. Photocopying Pcs 5 500 2,500
17. Castlages Pcs 2 2000 4,000
18. Sharpeners Pcs 25 3 75
19. Correcting fluid Tubes 2 50 100
SUB-TOTAL 227,733
Grand total A 102600
A1 7,600
B 81,500
B2 227,733
419,433
5% Contigency 20,972
GRAND TOTAL 440,405
Key
Lp - Local Purchase
38