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M M M M: Production of N-Propanol Nomenclature
M M M M: Production of N-Propanol Nomenclature
i
NOMENCLATURES
a
Specific interface surface, area/packing volume
3 2
/ m m
A
a
Active area of plate
2
m
w
a Effective interfacial area of packing per unit volume
3 2
/ m m
A
ap
Clearance area under apron
2
m
A
cs
Tube cross-sectional area m
2
A
c
Total column cross sectional area
2
m
A
d
Downcomer cross - sectional area
2
m
A
h
Total hole area
2
m
A
n
Net area available for vapour liqud disengagement
2
m
A
p
Perforated area
2
m
A Column area m
b
A Area of one bolt at the roof of the thread
mm
C
o
Orifice coefficient -
S
C Design factor
-
C
p
heat capacity mm
T
C Total Concentration
3
/ m kmol
D
Mols of distillate per unit time
2
/ s m
d
h
Hole diameter
c
D Diameter of the column
i
D Diameter of the cylinder
L
D Liquid diffusivity s m /
2
m
D Mean diameter
m
m
m
m
Production of n-propanol Nomenclature
ii
0
D Out diameter
m
s
D
Shell diameter
m
e
D
Shell side equivalent diameter
m
d
i
Inside tube diameter
m
d
o
Outside tube diameter
m
p
d
Diameter of packing
mm
E
mv
Plate efficiency -
E
Young Modulus
2 1
/ s m kg
e Minimum thickness mm
f
Maximum allowable stress
2
/ mm N
1
f Viscosity correction factor -
'
c
f Actual baring pressure
2
/ mm N
LV
F Flow Factor -
p
F
Packing Factor
1
m
w
F Loading due to wind pressure m N /
t
F
Temperature correction factor -
m
G Molar gas flow-rate per unit cross section area s m kmol
2
/
g
Gravitational Acceleration
2
/ s m
h
ap
Apron clearance
2
/ s m
h
b
Height of liquid back up in down comer m
h
bc
Down comer back up in term of clear liquid head m
h
d
Dry plate pressure drop, head of liquid m
h
dc
Head loss in down comer m
H
v
Height between tangent m
h
ow
Height of liquid crest over down comer weir m
h
r
Plate residual pressure drop m
h
t
Total plate pressure drop m
h
i
Tube side heat transfer coefficient
W/m
2
K
Production of n-propanol Nomenclature
iii
h
s
Shell side heat transfer coefficient
W/m
2
K
h
w
Wall heat transfer coefficient
W/m
2
K
h
w
Weir height m
I
w
Weir length m
u
I Second moment
2
/ mm N
I
p
Pitch of holes (distance between centre) m
J Joint factor -
j
h
Heat transfer factor -
j
f
Friction factor -
L Tube length
m
I
b
Baffle spacing
m
b
L Base baring width mm
m
L Molar liquid flow-rate per cross section area s m kmol
2
/
L
w
Liquid flow rate s m /
3
L
wd
Liquid mass flow rate
s kg/
mw Molecular weight kmol kg/
x
M Bending moment Nm
n Number of mole -
N
m
Minimum number of stages -
N
T
Theoretical number of stages -
b
N Number of bolts -
P Pressure bar
Apt
Total plate pressure drop
2
/ ms kg
p
t
Tube pitch m
i
P Internal pressure bar
P
o
Partial pressure
2
/ ms kg
Q Heat transfer kJ/s
q
Heat to vaporize one mol of feed divided by molar latent
heat
-
Production of n-propanol Nomenclature
iv
R Gas constant k kmol m bar /
3
R
Reflux ratio -
R
m
Minimum reflux ratio -
b
t Thickness of base ring m
t
Thickness of plate (shell) m
t
S
Skirt thickness m
Viscosity
2
/ m Ns
m c
T
,
Critical Temperature of mixture K
lm
T A
Temperature difference between fluids -
T Temperature different C
u
t
tube velocity
m/s
u
s
shell velocity
m/s
U Overall heat transfer W/m
2
K
U
a
Vapour velocity based on active area s m/
U
f
Vapour velocity through holes s m/
U
v
Superficial velocity (based on total cross sectional area) s m/
V Volume
3
m
x
i
Mole fraction of component
x
d
Mole fraction of component in distillate
w V
*
Gas mass flow-rate per unit column cross-section area s m kg
2
/
v
W Total weight of the shell
N
w
Density of water
3
/ m kg
mix
Density of mixture gases
3
/ m kg
v
Density of vapor
3
/ m kg
|
h
L
H factor
-
e Ancentric factor -
h
G
H factor
-
b
o
Bending stress
2
/ mm N
Production of n-propanol Nomenclature
v
o
w
Dead weight stress
2
/ mm N
o
cw
Compressive stress
2
/ mm N
o
ws
Stress in skirt due to weight of vessel
2
/ mm N