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Handbook of Calculus for Scientists and Engineers

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CHAPTER 1

1 2
2 7
3 12
4 18
5 24

CHAPTER 2

27

6 28
7 32
8 35
9 43
10 53

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.2.

CHAPTER 3

61

11 62
12 69
13 84
14 92
15 99
16

102

17 111
18 118
19 129
20 138
21 141
22 148
23 165
24 173

CHAPTER 4

179

25

180

26 191
27 197
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.3.

d x
f t d t 206
dx a
29 217
28

30 231
31 240
32 251
33 263
34 Gamma Beta 273

CHAPTER 5

285

35 286
36 300
37 312
38 323
39 339

CHAPTER 6

343

40 344
41 352
42

359

43 363
44 373
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.4.

45 376
46 Taylor 380

CHAPTER 7

389

47
48

390

401

49 414
50 421

CHAPTER 8

437

51

438

52

446

53 449

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CHAPTER
AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5
AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5
AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5

AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5
AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5

AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5
AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5

AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5
AB = 1( 2) + 01 + ( 3)1 = 5

1
2
3
4
5

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.2.

(Rule) A
B (Correspond)
x f
(Domain) (Range Co-do
main)

1 f (x) = 4 x2 x 2 + sin

2x 1

2x 1
x
5
x2 x 2 0
x 2 x+1 0
x
1x 2

2x 1
2x 1
1
1
1
2 x 3
2 1
5
5
12 x 3
f (x) 2 x
f(x) = 4 x2 x 2+sin

2 3

[ 2 1][23]

ab a x b ab a x

ab a

x b ab a

)][2)
( 3)( 2]
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Chapter 1

.3.

2 y= f (x) [01] y= f ( x b)+ f (x +2b)

b>0

y 1= f (x b) 0 x b 1 b x 1+b
y 2= f (x+2b) 0 x+2b 1

2b x 1 2b

y = f (x b)+f (x+2b) y 1y 2
y2
b x 1+b
y1
2b x 1 2b
2b
b
1 2b
1+b
y1= f (x b) y 2= f (x + 2b)y = y 1+ y2
y1 y2 b x 1 2b
1
b
b x 1 2b 1 2b b
3
1
b 0
3
1
b 0 y= f(x b)+f(x+2b)[b1 2b]

3
1
b> y = f x b + f x + 2b
3

3 y = 1+x2x R

y = 1+x2 1 x R y = x2+1
[1)

4 y = x 3 2x

y = x 3 2x = 3x 2x2

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.4.

3
9
3
x x2 = 2
x2
2
16
4
3
9
3
3 2
3 2
2
x2
2 ( )=
0
0
16
4
4
4
4

y= 3x 2x2 = 2

y= 3x 2x2

y2 =3x 2x2 2x2 3x+y2 = 0

3 2
3 2
y
D = b2 4ac = 9 4.2y2 0
y 0
4
4
3 2
3 2
]
0 y
[0
4
4
1 x2
5 y =

1+ x2

1 x2
y=
y + yx2 = 1 x2(1+y)x2+(y 1) = 0
1+ x2

D = 0 4(1+y)(y 1) 0 (y+1)(y 1) 0 y 1
1 x2
= 11 = 1
1 y> 1( 11](y = 1
1+ x2
)

f 1(x) f 2(x) (
)
f 1(x) =x2 1 x>0 f 2(y) = y2 1 y>0 f 3 (z) = z 2 2 >
z>1
f 1 = f 2f 1f 3(f 1f 3 )

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Chapter 1

.5.

2x3 + 1 x 0
f ( x)
2x3 + 1x < 0

6 f (x) =

x 3+1 x 0
f ( x) =
2 x 3+1 x<0
2x3+1 x 0
f ( x) =
2x3+1x>0

f (x)[ aa]
f ( x) = f (x) f (x)(Even function)
f ( x) = f (x) f (x)(odd function)

f (x) f (x)
[ aa]a>0
0
f x

f x
2f x
f (x) f (0) = 0 f (0) = 0 (
h(x)= f (x)+f ( x) =

f (x) = x+x2)

7 f (x) = log(x + 1 + x2)

f ( x) = log( x+ 1+

x 2) = log( x+ 1+x2)

x + 1 + x2 x + 1 + x2
= log(x+ 1+x2) =
x + 1+x2
f (x) = logx + 1+x2
= log

f x

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.6.

8 f (x)x [ aa]a > 0

1
1
+ log
sinx
cscx
1
1
f ( x) = log
+ log
sin x
csc x
1
1
= log
+log
= f (x)(f x )
sinx
cscx
= logsinx logcscx
1
1
= log
log
= f (x)
cscx
sinx
(f x )

f (x)= log

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Chapter 1

.7.

(Composition of Functions)

f
x

g
u=f(x)

g(u)=g(f(x))

fg ; f xf (x)x A;
gxg (x)x B;
f ( g (x){xg(x) A B}
g ( f (x){x f (x) B A}

f ( g (x)
f ( g (x) f ( g (x)) f (x) g (x)
f A g (x) x g
B f ( g (x){xg(x) A
B}

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.8.

1 f (x)= 2x+1 g (x)= x2(a) f ( f (x))

(b) f ( g (x)) (c) g ( f (x)) (d ) g ( g (x))

(a) f ( f (x)) = 2 f (x)+1 = 2(2x+1)+1 = 4x+3

(b)f ( g (x)) = 2 g (x)+1=2x2+1
(c) g ( f (x)) =( f (x))2 = (2x+1)2
(d ) g ( g (x)) =( g (x))2 = (x2)2 = x4
x
2 f (x) =
f ( f (x))
x 2

x
x 2
x
=
x4
x
4 x
2
x 2
x
x
x2 f ( f (x)) =

f (x) =
x 2
4 x
x2x4 R {24}
f x
f ( f (x))=
=
f x 2

2 f ( f (x) x4
x2

3xx 0g x = x2 4
3 f (x)=
(a) f ( g (x))(b) g ( f (x))
0x >0

(a)
3g x g x 0
0 g x >0
x 2 g (x) = x2 4 0
f ( g (x)) =

x> 2 g (x) = x2 4 > 0

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Chapter 1

.9.

3g x x2 4
0x2 > 4
4x 2
0 x >2

f ( g (x)) =
3 x2

=
(b)

9x2 4x 0
g ( f (x)) = f (x) 4 =
4x>0
2
1+ xx = 0
x x 9
4 f (x) = x
g (x ) =
log xx > 0
2 x>9
2

g ( f (x))

f x

gx

log2x

log2x

g f x

log2x2

2log x = x

1x = 0
log2 x29
xx>9

x2

2x

x>0

f g x = h x f x
f ( g (x)) = h (x)
f ' (x) =

f (x)dx=

f ( g (x))= h (x) f (x) = f ( t (x) ) =

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.10.

5 f (2x+1)= 4x(x +1) f(x+1)

f (2 + 1) = 4x(x + 1) = 4x2 + 4x = (2x + 1)2 1

f (x) = x2 1
f (x+1) = (x+1)2 1 = x2+2x

y 1
y = 2x +1 x =
f (2x +1)=4x(x+1)
2
y 1 y 1
y 1 y+1
)(
)(
)
+ 1) = 4 (
f ( y) = 4 (
2
2
2
2
= y2 1

f (x)=x2 1
f (x+1) = (x+1)2 1=x2+2x
x
x
6 f (
)=
f (x +1)
x 2
4 x

2y
x
y=
y(x 2) = xx( y 1) = 2 y x=
x 2
y 1
x
2y
x
)=
f (

x=
y 1
x 2 4 x
2y
y 1
2y
y
f (y) =
=
=
2y
2y 4 y 2
4
y 1
x
x 2
f (x) =
x 2
x+1
x+1
=
f (x+1) =
x 1
x+1 2 x 1
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Chapter 1

f ( sin

.11.

x
) = cosxf x
2

x
sin cosx
2
cos2 x= cos 2 x sin 2 x= 1 2sin 2 x = 2cos 2 x 1

f (sin

x
x
) =cos x =1 2sin 2
2
2

f (x) = 1 2x2
f (cos x) = 1 2s in 2x = cos2x

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.12.

(Inverse Function)
(One-to-One Function)

f AB A B A
x1 x2 x1 x2 f (x1)f (x2)
f

A B B A
x1 x2 f (x1)f (x2)
f (x1) = f (x2) x1 = x2
f (x)
I () I

1 f (x)=x3+1x R

x1 x2 f (x1) = f (x2)
x31+1 = x32+1

x31 x32 = 0 (x1 x2)(x21 + x1 x2 + x22) = 0

x21 + x1 x2+ x220

x1= x2

f (x) = x +1
3

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Chapter 1

.13.

f (x) = 3x2 0 x R f x R
f (x) = x3+1 R

2 y = x2x R

x1 x2 f (x1) = f (x2)
(x1 x2)(x1+ x2) = 0 x1 = x2 x1= x2

x21 = x22

x R f (x) = x2
2 x 0 f (x) = x2
()
y = f (x) y
y = f (x)
y

y = x2+1

y = x2

y=x

x
x
y = x2+1

y = x2

x
y = x2+1

x 0

3
y
y = f (x)

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.14.

y = f (x) x x 0
y = f (x) x
y y = f (x)

f g f ( g (x)) = x g ( f (x)) = x f g
f f

f xf

f ( f

( f (x)) = x

(x)) = xx

f f

f I f I

f f 1(x) x
y y = f (x)

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Chapter 1

.15.

4 f (x) = 3x+1 f (x)

(a) f (x1) = f (x2) 3x1+1 = 3x2+1 x1 = x2

y = f (x) = 3x+1
f (x)
y 1
y 1
(b) y = 3x+1 x =
f 1( y) =
3
3
x 1
x
1
f 1(x) =
g(x) =
3
3
x 1
f (x) = 3x+1
g(x) =
3
3x+1 1
=x
g( f (x)) = g(3x+1) =
3
x 1
+1 = x
f (g (x)) = 3g(x)+1 = 3
3
g( f (x)) = f (g (x))
x 1
f (x) = 3x+1
g (x) =
3

5 y=

x 4x 4

y=

x 4

y=

y2 = x 4 x = y2+4y ( 0]

x 4 y = x2+4x ( 0]

6 y = log(x+ 1+x2)x R

d
d 1
log x + 1+ x2 =
(ln x + 1+ x2 )
dx
dx ln10
1
1
> 0y = f x
=
ln10 1 + x2
y = f x

y' =

y = log( x+ 1+x2) y = log( x+ 1+x2)

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.16.

10 y = x+ 1+x210 y = x+ 1+x2
1
x = (10 y 10 y)
2
y = log( x+ 1+x2) y =

1
(10 x 10 x)
2

7 f (x) =

x2x< 3
3

3xx

f 1(x)

x < 3 f (x)= x2 (f (x)= 2x>0

x< 3)

x< 3 f 1(x)
y = x2 y < 9
f 1(x)=
x

x2= y x=

xx< 9
3 y = 3xx =

y
x
f 1(x) = x
3
3

xx< 9
f (x) =
1

x
x
3

y = f (x) y = f 1(x) y = f (x) y = f 1(x)

y = x

(ab) f
f (a) = b
f 1(b) = a
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Chapter 1

(ba) f

.17.

(ab)(ba) y = x f f

y = x

y = f (x) y = f 1(x) y = x
y = f (x) y = f 1(x) y = x

8 y = f (x) f 1(x)(/)

1
2
3

(F)

b
c
d

f 1-1
f

y = f (x)

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.18.

(Greatest Integer Funcition

) y =[x][x] x
n+1>x n [x] = n
1
[ ] = [0.33] = 0[ 2] = [1.141] = 1
3
1
] = [ 0.33] = 1[
2] = [ 1.414] = 2
[
3
[4] = 4[ 1] = 1

x 1< x

1 y1= [x] y2= [x]x y1y2

22

f1(x) =

2
1
00
11

2 x< 1
1 x<0
x<1
x<2

2x 2 x< 1
x 1 x<0
f2(x) =
0
x1 x<2

1
1

y
2
1
2

1
1

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Chapter 1

.19.

y =[x] x =[ y]
f (x)

ex e

lim(1+ n ) n = e
n
e 2.71828e
( )

(Natural Logarithm Function) e

1 n
(e lim 1 +
2.71828)lnx
n
n
x > 0
lnx x> 0
ln1 = 0
lne = 1
limlnx = limlnx =
x

x 0+

1
dt
t
y = lnx y = ex y =x

lnx =

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.20.

ln log
lny=lnxyx>0y>0;
x>0y>0;

lnxr=rlnxx>0;

elnx = xx > 0
y

lnx

lnx+
x
lny= ln
y

y = ex
y=x
y = lnx

(0 1)

(1 0)

(Hyperbolic Function)
ex e x
ex+e x
sin hx =
cos hx =
2
2
sin hx
cos hx
tan hx =
cot hx =
cos hx
sin hx
1
1
sec hx =
cos hx =
cos hx
sin hx

y = cosh x

y = sinh x

2
x

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. .
, 2012.04

I S B N: 978-957-11-6632-2
1.
314.1

101005692

5Q26

Handbook of Calculus for Scientists

and Engineers

106 339 4

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