&

2.
2.1.

, , ,
, (p), (V)
().
.
.

.
.
,
.
(p) :
(S.I), (=/m2)
(). Pa
(100 g) 1 m2.
,
,
p. 101.000 Pa = 101 kPa. ,
1 1 atm.
1 bar = 100.000 Pa = 100 kPa
, 1 bar 1 atm.
(P.S.I) (lb/in2),
(mmHg)
Torr. 760 mmHg /
(kg/cm2).
:
1atm = 101kPa = 1,01bar = 760mmHg = 760Torr = 15psi
.
,
. 0
(in Hg) 29,92 (in Hg)
760 mm Hg.
,
, . ,
Boyle - Mariotte Gay - Lyssac
:
pv=kT
(: p , v , ).


,
. , :
.
.
,

 &

,
( ) .
.
.
, , .
, ,
.
.
pV/nT = .
Regnault ' R.

pV

nT
,
:
pV=nRT
:
p: .
V: .
n: .
R: 0,08205 atm lit/mole K
(S.I) 8,314 J/mole K
T: .
1. 200
20 C. ,
60 2 C .
.
. p1 = 200 atm, T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K
:
p 1 V = n1 R T 1
V p2 = 60 atm, T2 = 2 + 273 = 295
p 2 V = n2 R T 2
:

n2
n1

p 2T1
p1T2

60 293

0 ,32

200 275

n1 n2
1
n1

n2

1 0 ,32 0 ,68

n1

68% .

 &

2. 149
atm 27 C. 50 lt,
:
. 149 + 1 = 150 atm.
27 C 27 + 273 = 300 .
k 265 J/kg .
.
: p v = k
v = k T/p
v = k T/p = 265 300/15150000 = 0.00525 m3/kg = 5,25 lt/kg
50 lt, 50/5,25 = 9,5 kg .
3. 28
atm. 0,032 m3/kg. ;
. 28 + 1 = 29 atm.
k 284.4 J/kg .
0,032 m3/kg.
:
T = p v/k = 2929000 0,032/284,4 = 329,5 K
329,5 - 273 = 56,5 C.
2.2.
, p-V, ,

( ) :
(V )
.
(p )
.
( )
.

.

,
. p V.

 &

:
) , ) , ) )

1. 1 kg 4,8 atm
77 C. 27 C.
(k = 284.4 J/kg );
: 4,8 + 1 = 5,8 atm 585800 Pa.
273 + 77 = 350 .
:
p v = k T v = k T/p.
v = 284,4 350/585800 = 0,17 m3/kg.
.
: 273 + 27 = 300 .
:
p v = k T p = k T/v
p = 284,4 300/0,17 = 501882 Pa p = 5,0 atm
5,0 - 1 = 4,0 atm.
2. 1 m3 27 C.
327 C. ;
: ,
.
: 27 + 273 = 300 . : 327 + 273 = 600 .
: 600/300 = 2.
3. 0
atm. , 5 .
. ;
:
0 + 1 = 1 atm.
O 5 .
5 . :
5 x 1 = 5 atm ( )
, 5 1 = 4 atm.

10