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Key World Energy Statistics 11
Key World Energy Statistics 11
Key World Energy Statistics 11
STATISTICS
S T
A T I S T I C S
administers a plan to guard member countries against the risk of a major disruption of oil supplies; coordinates national efforts to conserve energy and develop alternative energy sources, as well as to limit pollution and energy-related climate change; and disseminates information on the world energy market and seeks to promote stable international trade in energy.
SUPPLY TRANSFORMATION CONSUMPTION ENERGY BALANCES PRICES EMISSIONS OUTLOOK ENERGY INDICATORS CONVERSION FACTORS GLOSSARY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
S U P P L Y
Coal/peat Hydro
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear Other*
2009
Biofuels Hydro and waste 10.2% 2.3% Nuclear 5.8% Natural gas 20.9% Other* 0.8%
Coal/peat 24.6%
Coal/peat 27.2 %
Oil 32.8%
6 111 Mtoe
12 150 Mtoe
BY FUEL
OECD
OECD total primary energy supply* from 1971 to 2010 by fuel (Mtoe)
6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Coal/peat Hydro
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear Other**
2010
Biofuels Hydro and waste 4.7% 2.1% Nuclear 11.0% Other** 1.2%
Coal/peat 22.6%
Coal/peat 20.2%
Oil 52.6%
Oil 36.3%
3 741 Mtoe
5 413 Mtoe
*Excludes electricity trade. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
S U P P L Y
OECD China
Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Africa Asia* Bunkers** Latin America
2009
Latin America Africa Asia* 4.4% 5.5% 12.0% China 18.7% Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia 8.6% OECD 43.3% Bunkers** 2.7%
OECD 61.3%
6 111 Mtoe
12 150 Mtoe
*Asia excludes China. **Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
BY REGION
OECD
OECD total primary energy supply* from 1971 to 2010 by region (Mtoe)
6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
OECD Americas
OECD Europe
2010
OECD Europe 33.5%
3 741 Mtoe
5 413 Mtoe
S U P P L Y
4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
OECD China
2010
Latin China America 5.0% Asia** 9.5% Non4.3% OECD Europe and Eurasia 16.6% OECD 23.9% Africa 12.5%
OECD 21.7%
2 869 Mt
3 973 Mt
10
*Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. **Asia excludes China.
Producers
Mt
% of world total
12.6 11.9 8.5 5.7 5.0 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.2 38.4 Net exporters Saudi Arabia Russian Federation Islamic Rep. of Iran Nigeria United Arab Emirates Iraq Angola Norway Venezuela Mt 313 247 124 114 100 94 89 87 85 68 574 1 895 United States Peoples Rep. of China Japan India Korea Germany Italy France Others Total 2009 data Netherlands Spain Others Total 510 199 179 159 115 98 80 72 57 56 477 2 002 Net importers Mt
Russian Federation Saudi Arabia United States Islamic Rep. of Iran Peoples Rep. of China Canada Venezuela Mexico Nigeria United Arab Emirates
502 471 336 227 200 159 149 144 130 129
Kuwait
3 973 100.0
2009 data
11
S U P P L Y
3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1971
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
OECD China
2010
China Non-OECD 2.9% Europe and Eurasia Asia* Latin 25.2% 10.2% America 4.9% Africa 6.4% Middle East 14.4%
OECD 71.3%
OECD 36.0%
1 226 bcm
3 282 bcm
*Asia excludes China.
12
Producers
bcm
% of world total
19.4 18.7 4.9 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.5 34.7 Net exporters Russian Federation Norway Qatar Canada Algeria Indonesia Netherlands Malaysia Turkmenistan bcm 169 101 97 72 55 42 34 25 24 24 165 808 Japan Germany Italy United States France Korea Turkey United Kingdom Others Ukraine Spain Others Total 99 83 75 74 46 43 37 37 37 36 253 820 Net importers bcm
Russian Federation United States Canada Islamic Rep. of Iran Qatar Norway Peoples Rep. of China Netherlands Indonesia Saudi Arabia Rest of the world World 2010 data
Nigeria
*Net exports and net imports include pipeline gas and LNG.
2010 data
13
S U P P L Y
7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
OECD China
2010
China 51.1%
OECD 50.1%
OECD 23.7%
Africa 4.2%
Asia** 13.0%
2 235 Mt
6 186 Mt
*Includes recovered coal. **Asia excludes China.
14
Producers
Peoples Rep. of China 3 162 United States India Australia South Africa Russian Federation Indonesia Kazakhstan Poland Colombia Rest of the world World 2010 data 932 538 353 255 248 173 105 77 74 269
Net exporters
Net importers
6 186 1 043
15
S U P P L Y
3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1971 1975
Nuclear Production
Nuclear production from 1971 to 2009 by region (TWh)
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
OECD
Asia*
China
Other**
2009
Asia* 2.3% China Other** 2.6% Non-OECD Europe 1.3% and Eurasia 10.6%
OECD 92.8%
OECD 83.2%
203 TWh
2 697 TWh
16
*Asia excludes China. **Other includes Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.
% of
Producers TWh world
total
United States France Japan Russian Federation Korea Germany Canada Ukraine Peoples Rep. of China United Kingdom Rest of the world World 2009 data 830 410 280 164 148 135 90 83 70 69 418 30.8 15.2 10.4 6.1 5.5 5.0 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.6 15.4 Installed capacity United States France Japan Russian Federation Germany Korea Canada Ukraine United Kingdom Sweden Rest of the world World GW Country 101 63 49 22 20 18 13 13 11 9 52 371 France Ukraine Korea Japan Germany United States United Kingdom Russian Federation Canada Peoples Rep. of China Rest of the world* World 2009 data
(top-ten producers)
2 697 100.0
17
S U P P L Y
3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1971 1975
Hydro Production
Hydro* production from 1971 to 2009 by region (TWh)
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
OECD China
2009
Asia** 7.4% Latin America 20.1% Africa 3.0%
1 294 TWh
3 329 TWh
*Includes pumped storage. **Asia excludes China.
18
Producers
TWh
% of world total
18.5 11.7 10.9 9.0 5.3 3.8 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.0 30.4
Peoples Rep. of China Brazil Canada United States Russian Federation Norway India Venezuela Japan Sweden
Installed capacity Peoples Rep. of China United States Brazil Canada Japan Russian Federation India Norway France Italy Rest of the world World 2008 data Sources: IEA, United Nations.
GW Country 168 100 78 75 47 47 37 30 25 21 324 952 Norway Brazil Venezuela Canada Sweden Russian Federation Peoples Rep. of China India Japan United States Rest of the world** World 2009 data
(top-ten producers)
3 329 100.0
19
T R A N S F O R M A T I O N
Refining by Product
World refinery production from 1971 to 2009 by product (Mt)
4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
2009
Other products 12.4% LPG/ethane/ naphtha 8.8% Motor gasoline 24.2%
2 719 Mt
3 779 Mt
20
Producers
Mt
807 355 232 186 179 116 108 96 96 94
% of world total
21.4 9.4 6.1 4.9 4.7 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.5 40.0 Net exporters
United States Peoples Rep. of China Russian Federation India Japan Korea Germany Canada Brazil Saudi Arabia
Mt
Russian Federation 102 Saudi Arabia India Venezuela Kuwait United States Algeria Belarus Korea Italy 50 36 33 28 19 16 13 13 12 139 Japan Peoples Rep. of China Hong Kong (China) France Spain Australia Mexico Indonesia Others Total* 2009 data Turkey Vietnam Others Total* 2009 data 23 20 19 16 15 14 13 13 13 13 196 Net importers
Mt
*The discrepancy between total net exports and total net imports arises from different data sources and possible misallocation of bunkers into exports for some countries.
355
21
T R A N S F O R M A T I O N
Refining by Region
World refinery throughput* from 1971 to 2009 by region (Mt)
4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1971
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
OECD China
2009
China 9.7% Asia** 11.3% Latin America 6.6% Africa 3.2%
2 738 Mt
3 837 Mt
22
*Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. **Asia excludes China.
Peoples Rep. of China** 9 890 Russian Federation 5 291 Japan India Korea Germany Italy Saudi Arabia Brazil 4 692 4 003 3 003 2 392 2 277 2 098 1 981
Mt
363 Net importers United States Peoples Rep. of China Japan India Germany Korea France Spain
Russian Federation 349 Islamic Rep. of Iran Venezuela Nigeria United Arab Emirates Norway Kuwait Angola Iraq 130 117 107 98 97 97 87 85 595 2 125
Mt
492 218 202 123 108 102 88 71 68 53 601 2 126
93 081 100.0
Others Total 2009 data
*Crude oil and oil products. **Includes unlisted small teapot refineries which are estimated at 500 kb/cd (i.e. calendar day).
23
T R A N S F O R M A T I O N
Fossil thermal
Nuclear
Hydro
Other**
2009
Other** 3.3% Coal/peat 40.6%
Oil 5.1%
6 115 TWh
20 055 TWh
24
*Excludes pumped storage. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, biofuels and waste, and heat.
Coal/peat
TWh
Peoples Rep. of China 2 913 United States India Japan Germany South Africa Korea Australia Russian Federation Poland 1 893 617 279 257 232 209 203 164 135 Oil Saudi Arabia Japan Islamic Rep. of Iran United States Mexico Iraq Kuwait Pakistan Indonesia Egypt Rest of the world World 2009 data
TWh
120 92 52 50 46 43 38 36 35 30 485 United States Russian Federation Japan United Kingdom Italy Islamic Rep. of Iran Mexico India Spain Thailand 950 469 285 165 147 143 138 111 107 105 Natural gas
TWh
8 119
1 027
4 301
25
T R A N S F O R M A T I O N
OECD China
2009
China Latin 18.6% Asia** America 9.6% 5.0% Africa 3.1%
OECD 73.1%
OECD 52.0%
6 115 TWh
20 055 TWh
**Asia excludes China.
26
Producers*
United States
Peoples Rep. of China 3 696 Japan Russian Federation India Canada Germany France Brazil Korea 1 041 990 899 603 586 537 466 452
TWh
45 34 26 15 14 12 11 9 8 6 50 Italy Brazil United States Finland India Hong Kong (China) Argentina Croatia 45 40 34 12 10 8 6 6 6 6 68 Net importers
TWh
20 055 100.0
Others Total 2009 data
230
241
**Gross production minus production from pumped storage plants. 2009 data
27
C O N S U M P T I O N
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Oil Electricity
2009
Electricity 17.3% Other** 3.3% Coal/peat 10.0%
Oil 48.1%
Oil 41.3%
4 674 Mtoe
8 353 Mtoe
28
*Data prior to 1994 for biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated. **Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.
BY FUEL
OECD
OECD total final consumption from 1971 to 2009 by fuel (Mtoe)
4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Oil Electricity
2009
Electricity Other* 1.8% Coal/peat 21.6% 3.2%
Oil 56.3%
Oil 48.9%
2 815 Mtoe
3 582 Mtoe
29
C O N S U M P T I O N
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
OECD China
Middle East Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Africa Asia** Bunkers*** Latin America
2009
Latin Africa Bunkers*** America 6.0% OECD 3.9% 4.9% 42.8%
4 674 Mtoe
8 353 Mtoe
30
*Data prior to 1994 for biofuels and waste final consumption have been estimated. **Asia excludes China. ***Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
BY REGION
OECD
OECD total final consumption from 1971 to 2009 by region (Mtoe)
4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
OECD Americas
OECD Europe
2009
OECD Europe 34.2%
2 815 Mtoe
3 582 Mtoe
31
C O N S U M P T I O N
Industry
Transport
Other**
Non-energy use
2009
Non-energy use 4.5%
Transport 5.2%
Industry 56.4%
Industry 77.4%
639 Mtoe
832 Mtoe
32
*Coal refers to coal/peat. **Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.
BY SECTOR
Oil
Total final consumption from 1971 to 2009 by sector (Mtoe)
4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Industry
Transport
Other*
Non-energy use
2009
Other* 23.2%
Transport 45.2%
Other* 12.5%
Transport 61.7%
2 249 Mtoe
3 462 Mtoe
*Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.
33
C O N S U M P T I O N
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2009
Industry
Transport
Other*
Non-energy use
2009
Other* 48.8% Non-energy use 10.8%
Transport 2.7%
653 Mtoe
1 266 Mtoe
34
*Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.
BY SECTOR
Electricity
1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Industry
Transport
Other*
2009
Industry 40.2%
Transport 2.4%
Industry 53.4%
Transport 1.6%
439 Mtoe
1 441 Mtoe
*Includes agriculture, commercial and public services, residential, and non-specified other.
35
E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S
SIMPLIFIED ENERGY
World
1973
(Mtoe)
SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Production Imports Exports Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff. Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens(c) Oil refineries Petchem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf. Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport (d) Other Non-energy use Coal/ peat Crude oil Oil Natural products gas 407.22 -442.16 -16.43 -51.37 48.66 -6.87 -319.02 -28.26 -0.90 -2.72 -9.11 -0.68 -5.37 -0.12 -158.57 -0.27 993.10 73.40 -72.56 -15.09 978.85 4.80 -160.03 -50.84 -0.68 -6.42 -0.19 -0.03 -106.83 -6.03 652.61 357.44 17.72 259.08 18.37 Nuclear Hydro Biofuels Other(b)
and waste(a)
Total
646.78 0.12 -0.19 0.06 646.76 -0.17 -2.74 -0.75 -0.80 -0.06 -0.02 -23.07 -0.20 -0.25 618.71 89.40 0.24 529.07 -
1 500.95 2 866.65 10.04 -559.61 -86.32 -7.81 -83.39 10.09 -100.55 -0.73 -35.07 -8.88 638.71 360.39 33.00 239.31 6.01 -46.80 11.85 -22.91 -0.60 5.09 0.23 -2.59 -7.07
6.00 6 111.08 -0.03 502.64 100.70 7.11 -57.68 -43.14 1.85 19.63 -724.80 -65.56 -3.08 -86.17 -6.03 -101.44 -20.56 -0.28 -0.50 -23.22 -360.93 -65.63
- -2 781.71 2 761.15
36
(a) Biofuels and waste final consumption has been estimated. (b) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (c) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants. (d) Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
BALANCE TABLE
World
2009
(Mtoe)
SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Production Imports Exports Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff. Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens(b) Oil refineries Petchem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf. Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport (c) Other Non-energy use Coal/ peat Crude oil Oil Natural products gas - 2 526.42 753.66 -731.86 -8.00 Nuclear Hydro Biofuels Other(a)
and waste
Total
3 449.47 3 994.48
3 299.51 4 095.59 -108.18 2 540.22 -24.85 -1 872.15 -171.39 -96.38 -146.16 -6.80 -46.62 -18.89 0.03 -82.67 -1.75 831.90 644.15 3.36 147.35 37.05 -137.01 -12.38 -30.38 -0.01 -0.76 -0.00 29.33 10.88 0.14 -10.20 -3.92 145.87 -0.11 -200.50 -23.37 -12.16 -0.62 -3.59 -1.78 -29.79 -1.00 -206.98 -0.64 -6.24 -635.35 -283.63 -86.55 -0.06 2.91 -0.04 -0.59 -6.60 -2.06 -238.35 -17.80
279.64 1 237.67 102.42 12 150.19 -279.64 0.43 0.11 -30.76 -8.70 -0.02 -0.00 -51.18 6.42 302.40 167.94 -0.34 9.30 -37.06 -212.68 -36.60 -146.84 -7.50 -48.44 -36.88 -0.46 -14.61 -54.42 -731.43 -190.80 8 352.77 2 282.12 2 284.10 3 040.02 746.53
- -3 909.83 3 873.54
31.45 3 430.68 1 265.86 10.89 0.20 20.36 309.71 432.72 552.62 441.32 70.20 617.85 136.50 - 2 135.62
(a) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants. (c) Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.
37
E N E R G Y B A L A N C E S
SIMPLIFIED ENERGY
OECD
1973
(Mtoe)
SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Production Imports Exports Intl. marine bunkers Intl. aviation bunkers Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff. Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens(b) Oil refineries Petchem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf. Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport Other Non-energy use Coal/ peat Crude oil Oil Natural products gas 706.22 62.55 -50.38 -12.07 706.32 -5.61 -108.33 -11.64 -0.68 -6.37 -0.19 -0.03 -72.36 -2.63 498.48 250.44 17.00 225.47 5.58 Nuclear Hydro Biofuels Other(a)
and waste
Total
819.25 710.51 121.93 1 277.47 336.20 -111.09 -63.58 -172.72 - -73.65 - -24.64 14.53 -10.78 -11.36 844.63 1 913.62 53.83
87.29 0.03 -0.01 0.06 87.36 -1.43 -0.75 -0.80 -0.02 -0.07 84.30 42.26 42.04 -
6.13 2 457.55 7.55 1 805.74 -7.01 -404.79 -73.65 -24.64 -19.62 6.66 3 740.58 364.70 30.94 7.11 -33.38 -30.54 1.22 23.06 -509.81 -41.51 -3.08 -68.40 -4.68 -26.61 2.48 -0.28 0.02 -0.15 -260.19 -37.20
-41.28 42.49 14.81 11.29 2.56 -387.69 -20.61 -228.38 -52.07 -7.89 -7.81 -0.90 -65.68 -2.72 11.02 -0.60 -8.72 -25.72 -0.68 - -1 865.94 1 868.42 4.88 -5.16 0.02 -0.12 -24.53 -0.99 -128.88 -3.80 -0.23 303.17 182.67 7.34 110.07 3.10 0.39 1 583.63 0.39 312.91 665.68 393.09 211.95
38
(a) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants.
BALANCE TABLE
OECD
2009
(Mtoe)
SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION Production Imports Exports Intl. marine bunkers Intl. aviation bunkers Stock changes TPES Transfers Statistical diff. Electricity plants CHP plants Heat plants Blast furnaces Gas works Coke ovens(b) Oil refineries Petchem. plants Liquefaction plants Other transf. Energy ind. own use Losses TFC Industry Transport Other Non-energy use Coal/ peat Crude oil Oil Natural products gas 939.26 596.28 -281.09 -6.07 Nuclear Hydro Biofuels Other(a)
and waste
Total
981.91 892.57 342.97 1 524.15 539.59 -256.89 -352.62 -473.22 - -87.76 - -83.74 -34.69 0.62 -1.43
237.66 7.78 -3.28 -0.34 241.82 0.03 -40.59 -28.91 -4.76 -0.02 -0.12 -0.20 -0.03 167.22 68.79 35.30 63.13 -
57.18 3 806.68 32.93 3 043.71 -32.16 -1 399.26 -87.76 -83.74 -41.90 57.95 5 237.72 13.78 0.14 -35.23 760.62 -1 115.14 143.51 -89.70 14.29 -3.54 -40.36 -1.60 -7.68 -3.65 -0.44 -1.63 -0.34 -0.82 -74.12 -303.65 -62.37 -66.12 839.69 3 581.93 263.65 772.75 9.56 1 171.56 566.47 1 288.27 - 349.35
1 033.30 2 064.72 -106.55 1 248.38 -28.31 42.09 -10.25 -8.20 -13.34 -761.16 -3.18 -55.52 -80.58 - -14.57 -4.45 -1.31 -39.68 -0.62 -2.03 -2.93 -6.70 -0.93 - -2 046.91 2 043.84 25.65 -26.09 -0.71 1.05 0.03 0.14 -0.09 -12.16 -0.14 -117.24 -0.76 -0.01 114.83 90.44 0.10 22.26 2.04 4.83 1 746.73 2.01 111.56 - 1 105.78 - 212.11 2.81 317.27 -3.61 -319.88 -106.49 -7.30 -0.06 3.38 -0.04 -0.59 -1.96 -0.43 -99.81 -2.94 708.64 236.30 20.82 424.30 27.22
(a) Other includes geothermal, solar, electricity and heat, wind, etc. (b) Also includes patent fuel and BKB plants.
39
P R I C E S
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20
Crude Oil
Key crude oil spot prices in USD/barrel
0 Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-09 Jan-11 monthly averages
Dubai
Brent
WTI
Oil Products
Rotterdam oil product spot prices in USD/barrel
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-09 Jan-11 monthly averages
Gasoline
Gasoil
HFO
40
Coal
Steam coal import costs in USD/tonne
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1Q1983 1Q1987 1Q1991 1Q1995 1Q1999 quarterly averages 1Q2003 1Q2007 1Q2010
EU member states*
Japan
Natural Gas
Natural gas import prices in USD/MBtu
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 yearly averages
Japan**
USA***
Belgium***
Germany***
Spain***
*The weighted average for EU member states is based only on imports for which prices are available and may include different components in different time periods. Romania and Bulgaria are not available for any of the time periods. **LNG ***Pipeline
41
P R I C E S
Heavy fuel oil for industry(b) (tonne)
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chinese Taipei Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary India Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
.. 715.73 650.39 687.43 563.27 482.00 720.39 .. 663.65 633.03 714.64 646.03 .. 885.21 701.52 .. 736.89 .. 459.78 624.67 626.79 .. 682.08 832.18 555.72 642.48 1 388.29 760.49 1 055.24 c 609.33
.. 1 217.04 1 055.80 1 065.14 x 1 194.19 1 837.21 1 442.44 1 186.09 1 075.92 1 127.60 x .. 1 348.11 1 794.36 1 055.29 1 110.08 954.02 .. .. .. 1 375.65 1 190.60 1 352.20 .. 1 135.10 1 918.67 1 026.02 1 823.30 1 031.26 944.90
.. 1.179 1.562 1.209 0.987 1.543 1.503 1.486 1.504 1.604 1.587 1.461 .. 1.512 1.556 1.221 .. 1.345 0.660 1.518 0.945 1.595 1.335 1.671 1.486 1.445 1.684 1.635 2.210 1.796 0.958
1.393 1.794 2.133 1.250 1.084 1.886 2.144 2.086 2.019 2.063 2.219 1.848 .. 1.917 2.026 1.715 1.673 1.716 0.731 2.198 1.535 2.180 1.692 2.066 1.925 1.766 2.090 1.819 2.541 2.070 0.869
42
(a) Prices are for 1st quarter 2011 for oil products, and annual 2010 for other products. (b) High sulphur fuel oil for Canada, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States; low sulphur fuel oil for all other countries. (c) For commercial purposes.
.. .. 354.91 160.13 600.92 530.45 .. 350.37 484.43 .. 517.56 .. .. 431.22 483.01 .. 610.27 449.67 .. 413.85 234.01 x 454.78 555.51 534.71 390.42 662.73 661.55 407.27 303.30 207.37
.. 946.57 872.86 430.77 584.54 797.27 1 449.36 496.51 864.00 .. 1 084.65 .. .. 822.78 1 093.65 .. 655.49 673.71 453.45 1 001.23 1 009.50 x 772.94 942.20 703.69 859.14 1 636.48 1 015.73 526.44 745.22 429.48
.. .. 0.1245 0.0699 0.0776 0.1439 0.1144 0.0948 0.1056 .. 0.1139 .. .. 0.1372 0.2581 0.1544 .. 0.1219 0.1042 0.1230 .. 0.0737 0.1204 0.1203 0.1691 .. 0.0964 0.1023 0.1509 0.1211 0.0679
.. 0.2576 0.2317 0.0945 0.0932 0.1855 0.3563 0.1754 0.1568 0.3248 0.1584 .. .. 0.2326 0.2632 0.2322 0.0834 0.2155 0.0888 0.2212 0.1815 0.1758 0.1791 0.2152 0.2130 .. 0.2180 0.1800 0.1841 0.1990 0.1158
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chinese Taipei Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary India Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
(d) Unleaded premium gasoline (95 RON); unleaded regular for Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States. (e) Gross calorific value. (f) Brown coal for Turkey. .. not available x not applicable c confidential
43
E M I S S I O N S
Coal/peat
Oil
Natural gas
Other***
2009
Other*** 0.4% Coal/peat 43.0%
Oil 50.6%
Oil 36.7%
15 624 Mt of CO2
28 999 Mt of CO2
44
*World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. **Calculated using the IEAs energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Other includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste.
OECD
Africa
Latin America
China Bunkers
OECD 66.1%
OECD 41.5%
15 624 Mt of CO2
28 999 Mt of CO2
*World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers, which are shown together as Bunkers. **Calculated using the IEAs energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. CO2 emissions are from fuel combustion only. ***Asia excludes China.
45
O U T L O O K
CPS 1990
CPS 2008
Coal/peat Nuclear
CPS: Current Policy Scenario (based on current policies)
Oil* Hydro
Fuel shares of TPES in 2035 for Current Policy Scenario and 450 Policy Scenario
CPS 2035
Hydro 2.4% Nuclear 6.0% Other** 11.8% Coal/peat 29.3% Hydro 3.5% Nuclear 11.2%
450 PS 2035
Other** 18.6% Coal/peat 16.7%
Oil* 29.8%
Oil* 25.6%
18 048 Mtoe
14 920 Mtoe
46
*Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. **Other includes biofuels and waste, geothermal, solar, wind, tide, etc. ***Based on a plausible post-2012 climate-policy framework to stabilise the concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO2-equivalent.
TO 2035
20 000 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0
CPS 1990
CPS 2008
OECD+*
OME*
OC*
Intl. bunkers**
Regional shares of TPES in 2035 for Current Policy Scenario and 450 Policy Scenario
CPS 2035
OC* 26.5% Intl. bunkers** 2.6% OECD+* 33.2% OC* 26.7%
450 PS 2035
Intl. bunkers** 2.7% OECD+* 36.8%
OME* 36.9%
OME* 35.0%
18 048 Mtoe
14 920 Mtoe
47
*Please refer to the geographical coverage section for definitions of the regions. **Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. ***Based on a plausible post-2012 climate-policy framework to stabilise the concentration of global greenhouse gases at 450 ppm CO2-equivalent.
E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S
(billion (billion (Mtoe) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 39 674 29 633 782 752 3 169 2 486 1 957 896 5.88 76.41 24.30 397.95 4.00 535.23 218.36 20.22 13.67 78.23 24.70 260.83 3.24 11.76 8.14 7.96 6.82 64 244 32 114 1 433 2 835 12 434 9 094 3 769 2 565 18.16 226.31 53.87 624.85 15.63 703.82 263.22 76.40 17.91 330.48 93.18 317.71 10.08 27.79 33.13 18.88 8.14 12 292 3 807 1 561 1 645 2 085 1 310 751 1 133 1.25 152.29 100.96 80.82 0.82 310.70 11.40 64.56 17.55 24.84 4.05 15.32 2.00 14.19 4.47 0.94 230.31 18.94
World OECD Middle East China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia
12 150(c) 18 456 5 238 588 1 050 2 272 1 459 540 673 1.72 39.76 11.90 2.60 31.66 11.97 9.47 29.60 26.76 57.22 3.47 6.23 5.95 2.05 3.12 9 813 638 1 407 3 545 1 637 850 566 5.58 33.94 3.75 4.78 66.46 14.50 10.78 37.00 31.36 85.33 0.79 5.46 10.80 2.98 3.39
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.77 Botswana 1.95 Brazil Brunei Darussalam 193.73 0.40
856.02 1 652.10
240.16 426.34
48
(a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/ pop.
TPES/ GDP
TPES/ Elec. GDP (PPP) cons./pop. (kWh/ capita) 2 730 8 012 3 278 4 200 2 648 741 1 884 561 1768 973 203 2 744 1 551 11 038 7 947 1 651 13 625 228 3 245 7 908 88 553 2 868 1 528 2 201 8 485
CO2/ TPES (t CO2/ toe) 2.39 2.30 2.56 2.38 3.03 2.16 1.80 1.38 1.57 2.33 1.09 2.24 1.64 3.01 2.00 2.11 2.41 1.71 2.27 1.76 1.19 2.07 3.21 2.04 1.41 2.60
CO2/ pop.
CO2/ GDP
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 1.80 4.28 3.03 3.14 1.70 0.66 1.20 0.67 0.54 1.14 0.64 1.84 0.84 5.93 3.79 1.36 11.97 0.18 2.77 5.30 0.39 0.63 1.58 1.05 1.24 7.81 0.31 0.18 0.75 1.40 0.72 0.59 0.28 0.75 0.29 0.52 0.49 0.19 0.65 0.24 0.14 0.59 0.69 0.38 1.08 0.22 1.07 0.53 0.73 0.26 0.28 0.46 0.19 0.16 0.41 0.37 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.26 0.09 0.18 0.22 0.12 0.17 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.53 0.09 0.29 0.18 0.34 0.22 0.18 0.11 0.15 0.38
(t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/ capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 4.29 9.83 7.76 7.46 5.14 1.43 2.16 0.92 0.85 2.65 0.70 4.14 1.38 17.87 7.58 2.87 28.86 0.31 6.29 9.33 0.46 1.31 5.07 2.14 1.74 20.30 0.73 0.41 1.93 3.32 2.17 1.27 0.50 1.04 0.46 1.21 0.53 0.42 1.06 0.74 0.29 1.25 1.67 0.65 2.46 0.39 1.28 1.10 2.34 0.53 0.39 1.19 0.45 0.38 1.05 0.55 0.35 0.26 0.36 0.15 0.41 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.56 0.24 0.33 1.27 0.15 0.65 0.32 0.41 0.46
World OECD Middle East China Asia Latin America Africa Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bolivia
0.58 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.22 Botswana 0.20 1.00 Brazil Brunei Darussalam
(c) TPES for world includes international aviation and international marine bunkers as well as electricity and heat trade. (d) CO2 emissions for world include emissions from international aviation and international marine bunkers.
49
E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S
Population (million)
GDP
GDP (PPP)
TPES (Mtoe)
Elec. CO2 cons.(a) emissions(b) (TWh) (Mt of CO2) 42.21 4.26 4.79 520.75 64.93 6 831.60 250.11 60.56 1.66 2.87 6.27 6.09 19.77 26.84 7.46 109.84 46.78 18.07 28.48 175.41 6.79 0.47 14.66 7.42 55.01 354.30 1.70 5.68 750.19 9.02
Bulgaria 7.59 19.29 74.84 9.83 Cambodia 14.81 7.48 45.54 3.67 Cameroon 19.52 13.55 37.54 8.85 Canada 33.74 846.83 1 021.09 389.81 Chile 16.93 103.28 196.05 9.30 People's Rep. of China 1 331.46 2 937.55 12 194.40 2 084.94 Chinese Taipei 22.97 412.14 630.41 12.80 Colombia 45.66 141.65 420.98 99.15 Congo 3.68 4.67 5.25 15.28 Dem. Rep. of Congo 66.02 6.38 44.61 23.35 Costa Rica 4.58 23.09 46.48 2.71 Cote d'Ivoire 21.08 11.30 28.82 11.89 Croatia 4.43 28.35 63.14 4.07 Cuba 11.20 47.78 110.25 5.57 Cyprus 0.81 12.09 17.58 0.08 Czech Republic 10.51 75.87 206.01 31.20 Denmark 5.52 167.73 161.21 23.91 Dominican Republic 10.09 37.31 105.49 1.89 Ecuador 13.63 24.13 60.17 27.32 Egypt 83.00 152.36 362.18 88.19 El Salvador 6.16 15.81 34.76 3.16 Eritrea 5.07 0.83 4.75 0.56 Estonia 1.34 8.04 19.15 4.16 Ethiopia 82.83 16.62 110.21 30.37 Finland 5.34 141.16 153.98 16.55 France 64.49 1 472.79 1 702.03 129.50 Gabon 1.48 5.98 8.77 13.59 Georgia 4.26 5.26 16.23 1.26 Germany 81.88 1 998.65 2 243.18 127.09 Ghana 23.84 8.18 62.77 7.05
8.06 1.55 -2.19 -141.46 20.46 274.92 90.73 -65.90 -14.24 -0.41 2.31 -1.48 4.49 6.12 2.91 11.38 -3.74 6.27 -14.78 -15.00 2.03 0.16 1.20 2.30 18.35 134.38 -11.64 1.97 202.94 2.41
17.48 5.18 6.92 254.12 28.78 2 257.10 101.09 31.83 1.40 22.92 4.90 10.35 8.70 11.51 2.51 41.99 18.61 8.09 11.35 72.01 5.10 0.73 4.75 32.68 33.17 256.22 1.79 3.19 318.53 9.24
33.38 1.83 5.20 521.85 55.67 3 503.40 220.28 47.80 0.58 6.67 8.32 3.94 16.44 15.18 5.04 64.12 34.50 13.31 15.91 123.45 5.21 0.26 7.98 3.72 81.37 483.32 1.36 6.99 555.19 6.32
50
(a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
TPES/ pop.
TPES/ GDP
TPES/ Elec. GDP (PPP) cons./pop. (kWh/ capita) 4 401 123 266 15 467 3 288 2 631 9 588 1 047 157 101 1 817 187 3 709 1 355 6 251 6 103 6 248 1 319 1 168 1 487 845 51 5 951 45 15 241 7 494 924 1 641 6 781 265
CO2/ TPES (t CO2/ toe) 2.41 0.82 0.69 2.05 2.26 3.03 2.47 1.90 1.18 0.13 1.28 0.59 2.27 2.33 2.98 2.62 2.51 2.23 2.51 2.44 1.33 0.65 3.09 0.23 1.66 1.38 0.95 1.78 2.36 0.98
CO2/ pop.
CO2/ GDP
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 2.30 0.35 0.35 7.53 1.70 1.70 4.40 0.70 0.38 0.35 1.07 0.49 1.96 1.03 3.11 4.00 3.37 0.80 0.83 0.87 0.83 0.14 3.54 0.39 6.21 3.97 1.22 0.75 3.89 0.39 0.91 0.69 0.51 0.30 0.28 0.77 0.25 0.22 0.30 3.59 0.21 0.92 0.31 0.24 0.21 0.55 0.11 0.22 0.47 0.47 0.32 0.88 0.59 1.97 0.23 0.17 0.30 0.61 0.16 1.13 0.23 0.11 0.18 0.25 0.15 0.19 0.16 0.08 0.27 0.51 0.11 0.36 0.14 0.10 0.14 0.20 0.12 0.08 0.19 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.22 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.15
(t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/ capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 5.56 0.29 0.25 15.43 3.84 5.13 10.89 1.33 0.45 0.04 1.37 0.29 4.46 2.40 9.26 10.45 8.47 1.79 2.09 2.11 1.10 0.09 10.94 0.09 10.30 5.49 1.15 1.33 9.16 0.38 2.19 0.57 0.35 0.61 0.63 2.33 0.61 0.43 0.36 0.45 0.27 0.54 0.70 0.56 0.62 1.45 0.28 0.48 1.18 1.15 0.43 0.57 1.82 0.45 0.39 0.24 0.28 1.08 0.38 1.10 0.56 0.09 0.13 0.51 0.33 0.56 0.40 0.14 0.32 0.06 0.13 0.21 0.31 0.24 0.42 0.53 0.29 0.17 0.47 0.48 0.20 0.10 0.77 0.07 0.36 0.21 0.19 0.35 0.33 0.14
Bulgaria Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile People's Rep. of China Chinese Taipei Colombia Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Finland France Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana
51
E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S
Population (million)
GDP
GDP (PPP)
TPES (Mtoe)
Elec. CO2 cons.(a) emissions(b) (TWh) (Mt of CO2) 0.50 90.22 14.51 2.37 7.14 45.60 48.16 2.00 1 585.82 376.26 533.22 98.77 39.46 64.63 389.28 8.27 1 092.86 19.20 189.54 10.02 515.46 66.20 80.72 7.06 6.75 19.33 50.05 12.39 9.99 8.34
(billion (billion (Mtoe) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 0.00 10.08 6.05 1.87 2.19 0.05 11.00 4.40 502.47 351.84 349.78 119.64 1.53 3.27 27.01 0.53 93.79 0.29 145.81 15.57 44.31 20.26 130.24 1.16 2.10 0.17 87.14 4.21 0.11 1.61
Gibraltar 0.03 0.84 0.88 Greece 11.28 168.11 265.88 Guatemala 14.03 26.06 61.07 Haiti 10.03 3.91 13.05 Honduras 7.47 10.31 31.92 Hong Kong (China) 7.00 231.34 2 39.51 Hungary 10.02 56.40 147.51 Iceland 0.32 11.22 10.46 India 1 155.35 874.94 4 566.96 Indonesia 229.97 258.49 938.71 Islamic Rep. of Iran 72.90 158.09 576.96 Iraq 28.95 23.01 31.46 Ireland 4.47 125.11 141.16 Israel 7.44 162.17 192.20 Italy 60.19 1 110.68 1 475.11 Jamaica 2.70 9.96 11.56 Japan 127.33 4 872.22 3 392.86 Jordan 5.95 14.86 35.38 Kazakhstan 15.89 37.75 133.48 Kenya 39.80 17.99 44.88 Korea 48.75 752.83 1 140.99 DPR of Korea 23.91 11.53 40.56 Kuwait 2.80 63.63 72.41 Kyrgyzstan 5.32 2.05 11.00 Latvia 2.26 11.21 27.08 Lebanon 4.22 26.78 25.83 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 6.42 52.02 70.70 Lithuania 3.34 17.21 45.99 Luxembourg 0.50 26.46 30.55 FYR of Macedonia 2.04 4.41 14.95
1.43 22.18 3.88 0.75 2.23 29.88 14.86 0.96 181.97 -153.64 -132.12 -86.75 13.20 19.43 141.21 2.72 384.46 7.50 -80.07 3.55 198.10 -1.00 -98.58 2.35 2.70 6.67 -66.40 4.18 4.26 1.25
0.16 29.44 9.84 2.60 4.41 14.94 24.86 5.22 675.83 202.00 216.20 32.17 14.34 21.55 164.63 3.26 471.99 7.45 65.84 18.72 229.18 19.27 30.17 3.01 4.22 6.63 20.41 8.39 3.95 2.78
0.17 62.51 7.69 0.35 5.05 41.49 37.82 16.33 689.54 140.11 167.69 33.22 26.91 49.46 317.25 5.13 997.40 12.49 71.59 5.82 437.73 17.76 46.60 7.46 6.48 13.14 26.12 11.46 7.18 7.08
52
(a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/ pop.
TPES/ GDP
TPES/ Elec. GDP (PPP) cons./pop. (kWh/ capita) 6 000 5 540 548 35 677 5 924 3 773 51 179 597 609 2 300 1 148 6 022 6 648 5 271 1 899 7 833 2 099 4 506 146 8 980 743 16 673 1 402 2 875 3 110 4 068 3 430 14 447 3 467
CO2/ TPES (t CO2/ toe) 3.06 3.06 1.47 0.91 1.62 3.05 1.94 0.38 2.35 1.86 2.47 3.07 2.75 3.00 2.36 2.54 2.32 2.58 2.88 0.54 2.25 3.44 2.68 2.34 1.60 2.91 2.45 1.48 2.53 3.00
CO2/ pop.
CO2/ GDP
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 5.65 2.61 0.70 0.26 0.59 2.13 2.48 16.38 0.58 0.88 2.97 1.11 3.21 2.90 2.74 1.21 3.71 1.25 4.14 0.47 4.70 0.81 10.80 0.57 1.87 1.57 3.18 2.51 7.95 1.36 0.19 0.18 0.38 0.66 0.43 0.06 0.44 0.47 0.77 0.78 1.37 1.40 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.33 0.10 0.50 1.74 1.04 0.30 1.67 0.47 1.47 0.38 0.25 0.39 0.49 0.15 0.63 0.19 0.11 0.16 0.20 0.14 0.06 0.17 0.50 0.15 0.22 0.37 1.02 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.28 0.14 0.21 0.49 0.42 0.20 0.48 0.42 0.27 0.16 0.26 0.29 0.18 0.13 0.19
(t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/ capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 17.26 8.00 1.03 0.24 0.96 6.51 4.80 6.26 1.37 1.64 7.31 3.41 8.83 8.69 6.47 3.06 8.58 3.23 11.93 0.25 10.57 2.77 28.88 1.33 2.99 4.58 7.80 3.71 20.10 4.08 0.60 0.54 0.56 0.61 0.69 0.20 0.85 0.18 1.81 1.46 3.37 4.29 0.32 0.40 0.35 0.83 0.22 1.29 5.02 0.56 0.68 5.74 1.27 3.45 0.60 0.72 0.96 0.72 0.38 1.89
0.57 Gibraltar 0.34 Greece 0.24 Guatemala 0.18 Haiti 0.22 Honduras 0.19 Hong Kong (China) 0.33 Hungary 0.19 Iceland 0.35 India 0.40 Indonesia 0.92 Islamic Rep. of Iran 3.14 Iraq 0.28 Ireland 0.34 Israel 0.26 Italy 0.72 Jamaica 0.32 Japan 0.54 Jordan 1.42 Kazakhstan 0.22 Kenya 0.45 Korea 1.63 DPR of Korea 1.11 Kuwait 0.64 Kyrgyzstan 0.25 Latvia 0.75 Lebanon 0.71 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0.27 Lithuania 0.33 Luxembourg 0.56 FYR of Macedonia
53
E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S
Population (million)
GDP
GDP (PPP)
TPES (Mtoe)
Elec. CO2 cons.(a) emissions(b) (TWh) (Mt of CO2) 164.16 2.45 399.67 5.75 11.99 41.30 2.24 10.14 3.69 3.40 176.11 4.97 31.31 4.22 41.19 37.31 38.95 136.94 7.25 4.06 38.55 70.54 286.76 53.14 56.53 78.36 1 532.60 410.47 5.26 46.26
(billion (billion (Mtoe) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 137.13 299.35 89.69 4.36 7.73 0.00 724.35 1 122.95 220.03 1.97 8.65 0.10 1.91 7.42 7.69 57.89 174.85 0.78 8.49 32.16 11.92 19.91 120.41 22.36 5.80 18.80 0.33 7.65 45.10 8.82 432.48 525.84 63.05 1.28 2.88 0.00 67.48 102.87 15.21 5.00 19.57 1.71 78.33 179.92 228.72 195.96 188.92 213.64 31.63 49.02 67.20 111.48 394.89 64.86 19.80 30.40 0.67 9.10 28.64 7.43 84.96 195.44 15.14 111.74 449.68 23.47 241.67 570.39 67.52 123.35 191.32 4.89 40.71 36.47 139.95 56.00 199.91 28.30 397.54 1 530.15 1 181.59 249.54 371.91 528.38 6.69 22.60 1.26 9.00 33.13 9.44
Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia
27.47 0.42 107.44 3.60 2.67 31.99 22.89 50.02 2.17 29.33 16.53 0.20 4.33 5.74 154.73 4.83 2.85 169.71 3.45 6.35 29.17 91.98 38.15 10.63 1.41 21.48 141.90 25.39 12.53 7.32
-21.71 1.98 -42.34 2.37 -4.20 14.84 -2.07 -7.17 1.39 1.21 35.12 3.92 3.45 1.38 -122.01 -185.51 -51.03 19.84 2.60 -2.65 2.50 16.34 30.23 20.66 -115.07 6.62 -528.63 -371.80 1.87 4.89
66.83 0.80 174.64 2.45 3.24 15.08 9.77 15.06 1.71 9.96 78.17 2.12 17.40 3.09 108.25 28.24 15.06 85.52 3.10 4.75 15.83 38.84 93.99 24.10 23.82 34.41 646.91 157.85 2.94 14.45
101.00 1.83 217.66 3.63 3.83 23.90 10.36 4.94 3.53 2.68 113.99 1.09 40.34 2.62 18.62 113.72 15.52 76.61 6.01 6.70 32.67 54.42 137.00 51.19 23.04 48.69 870.33 199.12 2.37 30.93
54
(a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/ pop.
TPES/ GDP
TPES/ Elec. GDP (PPP) cons./pop. (kWh/ capita) 3 677 4 405 2 026 1 007 1 432 747 453 99 1 628 91 6 897 5 505 9 311 457 120 23 558 5 457 451 1 739 1 055 1 120 592 3 591 4 815 16 353 2 267 6 133 7 842 189 4 225
CO2/ TPES (t CO2/ toe) 2.46 3.06 2.29 2.35 3.70 2.74 0.23 0.67 2.15 0.34 2.25 2.35 1.80 1.37 0.38 1.32 2.59 1.60 2.34 0.85 2.44 1.82 3.05 2.21 2.37 2.28 2.37 2.60 1.79 3.20
CO2/ pop.
CO2/ GDP
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 2.43 1.93 1.63 0.68 1.21 0.47 0.43 0.30 0.79 0.34 4.73 10.68 4.02 0.54 0.70 5.85 5.29 0.50 0.90 0.75 0.54 0.42 2.46 2.27 16.91 1.60 4.56 6.22 0.23 1.97 0.49 0.18 0.24 1.24 1.69 0.26 1.15 0.76 0.30 1.30 0.18 1.65 0.26 0.62 1.38 0.14 0.48 0.77 0.16 0.52 0.19 0.35 0.39 0.20 0.59 0.61 1.63 0.63 0.44 1.61 0.22 0.10 0.16 0.28 0.44 0.09 0.30 0.13 0.09 0.22 0.15 0.73 0.17 0.16 0.60 0.15 0.31 0.22 0.10 0.17 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.13 0.65 0.17 0.42 0.42 0.13 0.44
(t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/ capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 5.98 5.89 3.72 1.59 4.49 1.29 0.10 0.20 1.70 0.12 10.66 25.10 7.23 0.73 0.27 7.73 13.69 0.81 2.10 0.64 1.32 0.77 7.52 5.00 40.12 3.65 10.80 16.17 0.42 6.32 1.20 0.56 0.55 2.91 6.27 0.71 0.26 0.51 0.64 0.45 0.41 3.88 0.46 0.84 0.53 0.19 1.23 1.23 0.37 0.45 0.45 0.63 1.19 0.43 1.39 1.40 3.86 1.64 0.79 5.14 0.55 0.32 0.36 0.66 1.62 0.24 0.07 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.33 1.72 0.30 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.79 0.35 0.24 0.14 0.20 0.16 0.50 0.28 1.55 0.39 1.00 1.10 0.23 1.40
Malaysia Malta Mexico Republic of Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia
55
E N E R G Y I N D I C A T O R S
Population (million)
GDP
GDP (PPP)
TPES (Mtoe)
Elec. CO2 cons.(a) emissions(b) (TWh) (Mt of CO2) 44.83 33.17 15.15 369.37 283.37 12.66 13.26 41.71 42.42 59.80 2.77 6.26 227.80 1.12 40.17 20.78 256.31 48.77 256.39 147.04 465.80 5 195.02 7.74 112.36 154.57 114.07 22.18 1.69 8.66
Singapore 4.99 143.47 146.68 0.03 Slovak Republic 5.42 31.32 91.04 5.94 Slovenia 2.04 25.70 44.90 3.54 South Africa 49.32 181.92 527.98 160.64 Spain 45.93 713.36 1 054.60 29.72 Sri Lanka 20.30 25.03 102.14 5.09 Sudan 42.27 22.68 90.90 35.20 Sweden 9.30 286.27 287.08 30.35 Switzerland 7.80 286.30 261.12 12.77 Syrian Arab Republic 21.09 28.47 78.31 23.58 Tajikistan 6.95 1.73 8.83 1.50 United Rep. of Tanzania 43.74 16.24 31.54 18.05 Thailand 67.76 173.92 550.39 61.71 Togo 6.62 1.63 8.95 2.19 Trinidad and Tobago 1.34 14.11 20.21 44.00 Tunisia 10.43 29.27 90.38 7.81 Turkey 71.90 356.96 789.08 30.28 Turkmenistan 5.11 9.34 50.38 40.90 Ukraine 46.01 45.39 288.25 76.91 United Arab Emirates 4.60 118.06 116.64 168.80 United Kingdom 61.79 1 677.10 1 742.62 158.91 United States 307.48 11 357.07 11 357.07 1 686.40 Uruguay 3.35 29.91 42.35 1.52 Uzbekistan 27.77 24.79 66.51 60.69 Venezuela 28.38 160.02 191.23 203.53 Vietnam 87.28 58.84 298.94 76.64 Yemen 23.58 13.32 20.79 15.22 Zambia 12.94 5.19 13.47 7.24 Zimbabwe 12.52 4.65 19.78 8.53
58.92 11.25 3.43 -13.61 110.69 4.30 -18.34 17.76 15.64 -2.82 0.82 1.71 47.37 0.39 -23.57 1.60 70.25 -21.32 41.84 -93.21 55.08 559.01 3.12 -11.88 -129.22 -13.83 -8.00 0.66 0.97
18.48 16.72 6.97 144.04 126.52 9.28 15.82 45.41 26.95 22.50 2.32 19.62 103.32 2.63 20.26 9.20 97.66 19.58 115.47 59.59 196.76 2 162.92 4.09 48.81 66.90 64.05 7.56 7.86 9.51
39.65 26.69 12.45 223.52 275.74 8.44 4.85 131.50 62.11 31.32 13.47 3.73 140.49 0.65 7.57 13.69 165.09 12.18 147.39 79.54 351.80 3 961.56 8.93 45.43 89.45 78.93 5.11 8.08 12.80
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(a) Gross production + imports exports losses. (b) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using the IEA's energy balances and the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines.
TPES/ pop.
TPES/ GDP
TPES/ Elec. GDP (PPP) cons./pop. (kWh/ capita) 7 948 4 926 6 096 4 532 6 004 416 115 14 141 7 962 1 485 1 937 85 2 073 99 5 650 1 312 2 296 2 384 3 204 17 296 5 693 12 884 2 671 1 636 3 152 904 216 625 1 022
CO2/ TPES (t CO2/ toe) 2.43 1.98 2.17 2.56 2.24 1.36 0.84 0.92 1.57 2.66 1.19 0.32 2.20 0.43 1.98 2.26 2.62 2.49 2.22 2.47 2.37 2.40 1.89 2.30 2.31 1.78 2.93 0.22 0.91
CO2/ pop.
CO2/ GDP
(toe/capita) (toe/000 (toe/000 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 3.70 3.09 3.41 2.92 2.75 0.46 0.37 4.88 3.45 1.07 0.33 0.45 1.52 0.40 15.13 0.88 1.36 3.83 2.51 12.96 3.18 7.03 1.22 1.76 2.36 0.73 0.32 0.61 0.76 0.13 0.53 0.27 0.79 0.18 0.37 0.70 0.16 0.09 0.79 1.34 1.21 0.59 1.61 1.44 0.31 0.27 2.10 2.54 0.50 0.12 0.19 0.14 1.97 0.42 1.09 0.57 1.51 2.05 0.13 0.18 0.16 0.27 0.12 0.09 0.17 0.16 0.10 0.29 0.26 0.62 0.19 0.29 1.00 0.10 0.12 0.39 0.40 0.51 0.11 0.19 0.10 0.73 0.35 0.21 0.36 0.58 0.48
(t CO2/ (kg CO2/ (kg CO2/ capita) 2000 USD) 2000 USD) 8.99 6.12 7.42 7.49 6.17 0.62 0.31 4.48 5.44 2.84 0.40 0.14 3.36 0.17 30.00 1.99 3.57 9.54 5.57 31.97 7.54 16.90 2.31 4.05 5.45 1.31 0.94 0.13 0.69 0.31 1.06 0.59 2.03 0.40 0.51 0.58 0.15 0.15 2.10 1.60 0.39 1.31 0.69 2.85 0.71 0.72 5.22 5.65 1.25 0.28 0.46 0.26 4.53 0.97 1.94 1.67 0.33 1.86
0.31 Singapore 0.36 Slovak Republic 0.34 Slovenia 0.70 South Africa 0.27 Spain 0.12 Sri Lanka 0.15 Sudan 0.15 Sweden 0.16 Switzerland 0.76 Syrian Arab Republic 0.31 Tajikistan 0.20 United Rep. of Tanzania 0.41 Thailand 0.13 Togo 1.99 Trinidad and Tobago 0.23 Tunisia 0.32 Turkey 0.97 Turkmenistan 0.89 Ukraine 1.26 United Arab Emirates 0.27 United Kingdom 0.46 United States 0.18 Uruguay 1.69 Uzbekistan 0.81 Venezuela 0.38 Vietnam 1.07 Yemen 0.13 Zambia 0.44 Zimbabwe
Sources: Energy data: IEA. Population: OECD/World Bank. GDP and GDP(PPP) (in 2000 USD): OECD/World Bank/CEPII (Paris).
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C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S
Gcal
Mtoe
MBtu
GWh
3.6
8.6 105
35.3147 1000.0
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Crude oil**
toe/tonne 1.005 1.016 1.033 1.019 1.000 1.069 1.081 1.021 1.016 1.023
*Defaults for OECD Europe were also applied to non-OECD Europe and Eurasia countries.
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C O N V E R S I O N F A C T O R S
*for the top-ten producers in 2010. Note: to calculate the net calorific value, the gross calorific value is multiplied by 0.9.
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GLOSSARY
C oal/peat
C oal/peat includes all coal, both primary (including hard coal and lignite) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke ovencoke,gascoke,BKB,gasworksgas,cokeovengas,blast furnacegasandotherrecoveredgases).Peatisalsoincluded inthiscategory. C rude oil comprises crude oil, natural gas liquids, refinery feedstocksandadditivesaswellasotherhydrocarbons. O il products comprises refinery gas, ethane, LPG, aviation gasoline,motorgasoline,jetfuels,kerosene,gas/dieseloil,fuel oil,naphtha,whitespirit,lubricants,bitumen,paraffinwaxes, petroleumcokeandotheroilproducts. N aturalgasincludesnaturalgas(excludingnaturalgasliquids). N uclear shows the primary heat equivalent of the electricity produced by a nuclear power plant with an average thermal efficiencyof33%. H ydro shows the energy content of the electricity produced in hydro power plants. Hydro output excludes output from pumpedstorageplants. B iofuels and waste comprises solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, industrial waste and municipal waste. Biofuels are definedasanyplantmatteruseddirectlyasfuelorconverted into fuels (e.g. charcoal) or electricity and/or heat. Included here are wood, vegetal waste (including wood waste and cropsusedforenergyproduction),ethanol,animalmaterials/ wastes and sulphite lyes. Municipal waste comprises wastes produced by residential, commercial and public services, that are collected by local authorities for disposal in a central locationfortheproductionofheatand/orpower. O ther includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean energy, electricity and heat. Unless the actual efficiency of thegeothermalprocessisknown,thequantityofgeothermal energy entering electricity generation is inferred from the electricity production at geothermal plants assuming an average thermal efficiency of 10%. For solar, wind and tide/wave/ocean energy, the quantities entering electricity generation are equal to the electrical energy generated. Directuseofgeothermalandsolarheatisalsoincludedhere. Electricityisaccountedforatthesameheatvalueaselectricity in final consumption (i.e. 1 GWh = 0.000086 Mtoe). Heat includesheatthatisproducedforsaleandisaccountedforin thetransformationsector.
Hydro
Other
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61
G L O S S A R Y
Production
P roduction is the production of primary energy, i.e. hard coal, lignite, peat, crude oil, NGLs, natural gas, biofuels and waste, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar and the heat from heat pumps that is extracted from the ambient environment. Productioniscalculatedafterremovalofimpurities(e.g.sulphur fromnaturalgas). I mports and exports comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country, whether or not customsclearancehastakenplace.
a) Oil and natural gas Q uantities of crude oil and oil products imported or exported under processing agreements (i.e. refining on account) are included.Quantitiesofoilintransitareexcluded.Crudeoil,NGL and natural gas are reported as coming from the country of origin;refineryfeedstocksandoilproductsarereportedascoming fromthecountryoflastconsignment.Re-exportsofoilimported for processing within bonded areas are shown as exports of productfromtheprocessingcountrytothefinaldestination. b) Coal/peat
I mports and exports comprise the amount of fuels obtained fromorsuppliedtoothercountries,whetherornotthereisan economic or customs union between the relevant countries. Coalintransitisnotincluded.
c) Electricity A mounts are considered as imported or exported when they havecrossedthenationalterritorialboundariesofthecountry.
I nternational marine bunkers covers those quantities delivered to shipsofallflagsthatareengagedininternationalnavigation.The internationalnavigationmaytakeplaceatsea,oninlandlakesand waterways,andincoastalwaters.Consumptionbyshipsengaged indomesticnavigationisexcluded.Thedomestic/internationalsplit isdeterminedonthebasisofportofdepartureandportofarrival, and not by the flag or nationality of the ship. Consumption by fishingvesselsandbymilitaryforcesisalsoexcluded.
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International I nternationalaviationbunkerscoversdeliveriesofaviationfuelsto aviation bunkers aircraft for international aviation. Fuels used by airlines for their roadvehiclesareexcluded.Thedomestic/internationalsplitshould be determined on the basis of departure and landing locations and not by the nationality of the airline. For many countries this incorrectly excludes fuel used by domestically owned carriers for theirinternationaldepartures.
Stock changes
S tock changes reflects the difference between opening stock levelsonthefirstdayoftheyearandclosinglevelsonthelast dayoftheyearofstocksonnationalterritoryheldbyproducers, importers,energytransformationindustriesandlargeconsumers. Astockbuildisshownasanegativenumber,andastockdraw asapositivenumber. T otalprimaryenergysupply(TPES)ismadeupofproduction+ importsexportsinternationalmarinebunkersinternational aviation bunkers stock changes. For the world total, internationalmarinebunkersandinternationalaviationbunkers arenotsubtractedfromTPES. T ransfersincludesbothinterproducttransfers,productstransferred andrecycledproducts. S tatistical differences includes the sum of the unexplained statisticaldifferencesforindividualfuels,astheyappearinthe basic energy statistics. It also includes the statistical differences thatarisebecauseofthevarietyofconversionfactorsinthecoal/ peatandoilcolumns. E lectricity plants refers to plants which are designed to produce electricityonly.IfoneormoreunitsoftheplantisaCHPunit(and theinputsandoutputscannotbedistinguishedonaunitbasis) then the whole plant is designated as a CHP plant. Both main activityproducersandautoproducerplantsareincludedhere. C ombined heat and power plants refers to plans which are t designed to produce both heat and electricity, sometimes referredasco-generationpowerstations.Ifpossible,fuelinputs and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis,theconventionfordefiningaCHPplantnotedaboveis adopted.Bothmainactivityproducersandautoproducerplants areincludedhere. H eatplantsreferstoplants(includingheatpumpsandelectric boilers)designedtoproduceheatonly,whichissoldtoathird party under the provisions of a contract. Both main activity producersandautoproducerplantsareincludedhere. B last furnaces contains inputs to and outputs of fuels from blast furnaces. G as works is treated similarly to electricity generation, with the quantityproducedappearingasapositivefigureinthecoal/peat column or the natural gas column after blending with natural gas,inputsasnegativeentriesinthecoal/peatandoilproducts columns,andconversionlossesappearinginthetotalcolumn.
Electricity plants
Heat plants
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63
G L O S S A R Y
Coke ovens
C okeovenscontainslossesintransformationofcoalfromprimary tosecondaryfuelsandfromsecondarytotertiaryfuels(hardcoal tocokeandpatentfuel,lignitetoBKB,etc.). O il refineries shows the use of primary energy for the manufacture of finished oil products and the corresponding output.Thus,thetotalreflectstransformationlosses.Incertain casesthedatainthetotalcolumnarepositivenumbers.This canbeduetoeitherproblemsintheprimaryrefinerybalance ortothefactthattheIEAusesregionalnetcalorificvaluesfor oilproducts. P etrochemical plants covers backflows returned from the petrochemicalindustry.Notethatbackflowsfromoilproducts that are used for non-energy purposes (i.e. white spirit and lubricants)arenotincludedhere,butinnon-energyuse.
Oil refineries
Petrochemical plants
Liquefaction plants Liquefaction plants includes diverse liquefaction processes, suchascoalliquefactionplantsandgas-to-liquidplants. Other transformation Energy industry own use
O ther transformation covers non-specified transformation not shownelsewhere,suchasthetransformationofprimarysolid biofuelsintocharcoal. E nergy industry own use contains the primary and secondary energy consumed by transformation industries for heating, pumping, traction and lighting purposes [ISIC 05, 06, 19 and 35,Group091andClasses0892and0721]. L ossesincludeslossesinenergydistribution,transmissionand transport.
Losses
T otalfinalconsumption(TFC)isthesumofconsumptionbythe Total final consumption (TFC) different end-use sectors. Backflows from the petrochemical industryarenotincludedinfinalconsumption. Industry
I ndustry consumption is specified in the following subsectors (energyusedfortransportbyindustryisnotincludedherebut reportedundertransport):
. . . . . .
64
Ironandsteelindustry[ISICGroup241andClass2431]; C hemical and petrochemical industry [ISIC Divisions 20 and21]excludingpetrochemicalfeedstocks; N on-ferrou metals basic industries [ISIC Group 242 and s Class2432]; N on-metallicmineralssuchasglass,ceramic,cement,etc. [ISICDivision23]; Transportequipment[ISICDivisions29and30]; M achinerycomprisesfabricatedmetalproducts,machinery and equipment other than transport equipment [ISIC Divisions25to28];
Industry (ctd.)
. . . . . . .
M ining (excluding fuels) and quarrying [ISIC Divisions 07 and08andGroup099]; Foodandtobacco[ISICDivisions10to12]; Paper,pulpandprinting[ISICDivisions17and18]; W ood and wood products (other than pulp and paper) [ISICDivision16]; Construction[ISICDivisions41to43]; Textileandleather[ISICDivisions13to15]; N on-specified (any manufacturing industry not included above)[ISICDivisions22,31and32].
Transport
T ransportincludesallfuelsusedfortransport[ISICDivisions49 to 51]. It includes transport in industry and covers domestic aviation, road, rail, pipeline transport, domestic navigation and non-specified transport. Fuel used for ocean, coastal and inlandfishing(includedunderfishing)andmilitaryconsumption (included in other non-specified) are excluded from transport. Pleasenotethatinternationalmarineandinternationalaviation bunkersarealsoincludedhereforworldtotal. O ther covers residential, commercial and public services [ISIC Divisions33,36-39,45-47,52,53,55,56,58-66,68-75,77-82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 85-88, 90-99], agriculture/forestry [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02], fishing [ISIC Division 03] and nonspecifiedconsumption. N on-energyusecoversthosefuelsthatareusedasrawmaterials in the different sectors and are not consumed as a fuel or transformed into another fuel. Non-energy use also includes petrochemicalfeedstocks.Non-energyuseisshownseparately infinalconsumptionundertheheadingnon-energyuse.
Other
Non-energy
use
Unit abbreviations
bcm billioncubicmetres kWh kilowatthour MBtu millionBritishthermalunits Mt PPP TJ toe milliontonnes purchasingpowerparity metricton=tonne=1000kg terajoule tonneofoilequivalent=107kcal Mtoe milliontonnesofoilequivalent
Gcal gigacalorie GCV grosscalorificvalue GW gigawatt GWh gigawatthour kcal kg kJ kilocalorie kilogramme kilojoule
kb/cd thousandbarrelspercalendarday t
TWh terawatthour
10
65
G L O S S A R Y
GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
OECD* A ustralia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, theSlovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates. B ahrain,IslamicRepublicofIran,Iraq,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab EmiratesandYemen. A lbania,Armenia,Azerbaijan,Belarus,BosniaandHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Gibraltar, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia**, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. PeoplesRepublicofChinaandHongKong(China). B angladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Chinese Taipei, India, Indonesia, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,SriLanka,Thailand,VietnamandOtherAsia. A rgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,Jamaica,NetherlandsAntilles,Nicaragua,Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela andOtherLatinAmerica. A lgeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cte dIvoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia,ZimbabweandOtherAfrica. O ECDcountriesandthoseEUcountriesthatarenotmembers oftheOECD(i.e.Bulgaria,Cyprus,Latvia,Lithuania,Maltaand Romania). B razil,China,India,Indonesia,RussianFederationandMiddle East. WorldexcludingOECD+andOME.
Middle East
China Asia
Latin America
Africa
OECD +
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* OECD includes Estonia and Slovenia starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for these two countries are included in Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia. ** Includes Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999. Note: The countries listed above are those for which the IEA Secretariat has direct statistics contacts.
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NOTES
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NOTES
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