Professional Documents
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.
ShellL.JJ..3
'c^^
PRESS OF
A
T.
LTD,
NEW
YORK.
rL\TK
I.
VICTORIA
These are both fine specimen plants, backed by Sour Gum and Wild Cherry trees, with Eulalia, Golden-Rod, Sumach, Cyperus, and Caladium on the bank, and festooned with the Wild Cucumber, most beautiful, graceful, and harmonious. Tricker's Variety is the plant at the back; Randi in foreground.
THE
WATER GARDEN
EMBRACING
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF
PONDS,
ADAPTING
NATURAL
STREAMS.
PLANTING, HYBRIDIZING, SEED SAVING, PROPAGATION, BUILDING AN AQUATIC HOUSE, WINTERING, CORRECT DESIGNING AND
PLANTING OF BANKS AND MARGINS, TOGETHER WITH CULTURAL DIRECTIONS FOR ALL ORNAMENTAL AQUATICS
BY
WILLIAM TRICKLR
El'IJ.
EACE
AXD XCMEEOCS
/X EHE TEXT
077/EA'
SXEECZ/ES
''ST';"
-* '/
A.
T.
AH
rii;lity^
rvscrverl
Coi)yriglit.
I!Y
1807,
A. T. Tie
I. a
n. Co., I.td.
PREFACE.
OF
tion of
late
)-ears
interest
(.>nly
in
the
cultivation
of
aquatic
plants
has yrown
enormously; not
are
Water
Lily ponds
now
parks and larger private i^ardens, but even in the back yard of the suburban
resident one can frecjnently find a few tubs or a small tank, where the cultiva-
Water
Lilies
is
indulged.
is
Snch widespread
paratively
com-
new seems
demand
a practical
standpiiint of the
cultivator.
is,
to
some
desire for a
volume such
The production
extended
to
all,
of the
work
in
by many
friends,
made
a
to the follnwing:
Mr.
S. C.
Nash
J.
many
illustrations
negatives
made by
himself; to Mr.
;
to the proprietors of
<.if
illustrations;
to
to
WiJlard N.
Clute
who
for
Worker
the Tropical
J.
Pond
in
to
Mr.
M.
Lily
the
Burnham
and
Byron D. Halsted
The
object in
to present, as faithfully
VI
PRi:i\ci:.
t'i'cjin
f(jr
different
may be
actually seen.
ISy this
means more
to
it
is
felt
water garden can be obtained, and prominence has therefore been given
photograjjhic views in the fnllnwing pages.
In conclusion
I
must acknowledge
my
the
any way
its
beauties of
charming occupants;
lead
l.nit
few towards
and satisfaction which has been mine after years of exthe hdxir of production will not have been in vain.
periment and
trial,
W.
T.
"It
liowc\
.vf)tirH
Is iH'iiluT
wise,
iitn- tt'iidiT,
nor
<'r
Vou
will
tend
with ytiwv
:
own
its
own
and if. in doiiiy:so. yon Iinve to witlidraw yourselves more tlinn aceonls with modern uont. int't rural seelusion. your soeial instinet^s will not thereby be starved, nor yonr share in the ^raees and i-hariljes of life liereby lie en r tailed. Yon will lind nnieh resendilanee belwei-n tlowers and human
lienrt
sonielinies,
grow
with
ment,
and
responil
ahierity
to
every
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I.
PAGE
IntniJuctory
to
.....
Grow
Ai.|u,itics
II. Where
in. Soil
IV.
\'.
20
of
Treatment Planting;
Margins
24
33
VI.- HyliriJi/.ing,
41
VII. Seedling
46
49
53
VIII.- Nympha'as
IX. The
Victoria
Aqn/itic
X. The
XLXII.
House
65
<
Tlie Amateur's
Water
iarden
73
Insects, Heating
I.
Enemies
77
XIII.
Vi>;tnria or Tropical
Water
Lily
Pnnd
83
XIV-
Descriptive
II.
Water
Lilies
Hardv Nvmpluras
Tender Nympha-as,
Day Blooming
90 92 94
95
III.
IV.
Hury.ile
V.
Nelunibiums
A^juatic
Plrnits.
XV. Miscellaneous
1.
Tender
96
II.
Hardv
Plants fur
A(.|uari;i
98
III.
loi 103
XVI. Orn.iniental
X\TI. Ferns
107
of
Margins
112
Hardy
Wet and
Ponds,
118
LIST
OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAHE
,
Nelu III bill m siiocioKum A natural piece oi water planteii with Water Lilies
Pond Pond
of
of
lollies in
Lilies,
3 11 15
Section of wall Group of tropical Water Lilien and Victoria Randii Eulalia japonioa An Amateur's pond, (1x12 feet, sliowing masonry above ground level The Wiiter Lily ]K>nd in the gardens of Hon Gardiner G. Hubbard, West Washington, Victoria Randii and Xyinphii'as grown in an artificial ])ond A natural piece of water I'lanting of a natural piece of water Victoria regia (Tricker's variety) showing partly opened flower ^'ictoria regla (Ti-icker's variety) with fii[l> <ij>ened tlower, and Iud showing
,
18
21
26 27
X).
31 35
3*.)
43
51
5.5
Vigorous growth of I'aulownia inipcrialis At ua tic house Leaf of Ouvirandra fenestralis Ouvirandra fenestralis An Aquatic garden and fishery combined Nymphiva Marliacea chronintella An Amateur's aquatic garden Anindo don ax ((Jiant RetMl) Leaf of hard\' Xyniplui-a affected with Cercospora Heating a Lily pond in Prospect Park, X. Y Stellate form of Xymphiea Aponogeton distachyon
5i) (J7
An
69 70
71 74 75 70
81
84
iJl
Liuiiiocharis
Humboldti
MyrlophyliUin proserpinacoldes
Iris Kivrnpferi
Saglttaria
Cabomba
Stratiotes aloides Lulalia japonica zebrina Diona^a niuscipula (Venus' fly-trap)
Sarracenia
Adiantum peilatnm
Funkia
Mortensia virginica Spira-a palmata Trillium
Clethra alnifidia
96 97 98 99 100 101 102 104 105 105 108 113 115 116 117 118 119 120
PLATES.
IL IIL
1\'.
Xymijhci-a gigantea Xympha^a sturtevantii VL Egyptian Lotus VII. A charming nook VIII. A magnificent Clump of
V.
L Victoria regia (Tricker's variety) and Victoria regia Randii Flower of Victoria regia Randii Xymphn-a gracilis
FroutLspiecf
f;icj'nfr p-ifff
>^
"
24 40
48 56 64
"
Papyrus autiqnorum.
IX. Musa
ensete
72 88
-NliLI
M
dardeiis.
:ire tlie
view Xymplneas.
('littoii. N. J. In cninjiany with the Lotus The waruin of tiie pond is furnislied witii Zizania aiiuatica {Wild Rice); the central object in Ijacliground is a trunk of a dead tree covered witli tlie wild ,urai>e vine.
in
at
the
Water
INTKOUUCTORY.
'ATM':K L1LII-:S, or pond LiUes, have existed
a^es.
'J'lie
tliront;h
tlie
the
white
in
The
I'^ngTish species,
have
has
the
inijiression
that
all
Water
Lilies
were
white,
hence
expression of surprise
blue Lily for the
first
when
time.
<ine sees
a red, yellow, or
Water
Pily, the
other plants in
of
the
Old
AVorkl.
Three
distinct
many
of
ICgx'ptian
botanists
and
gardeners
the
Nymph;ea
Persia,
I^otus,
and X. cierulea.
monuments and are known to as Nelumbinm speciosum, Nelumbiums were not only known to the
present
day
common
in
West
Indies,
The United
pjlants
Xelmnliium luteuni
American Lotus.
fcjr
Amongst
the
now grown
the embellishment
jjlants,
of our
hardy herbaceous
bulbs,
last,
IXTRODVCTORY.
least,
but not
aquatic plants.
As Orchids
"The
new and
uf recent introduction,
but adaptability of
them
Nymplueas and
out-of-doors in
summer
plants
is
is
No class of
nous
to the
being indige-
United States, Canada, Central and South America, East and West
its
own
marked
of
distinction, size
and
No
class of
The members
are no less
and
jileasing
odor.
They
favoiMle tlowers:
As
it
and
clo.se for
three
early,
and
so be that
it
There
page
is
a great
variation in
Nympha-a
to
flowers;
Nymph;ea
some
.Sturtevantii, facing
flat
petals,
tajjering
a point, as
stiff
Nympha'a
stems,
float
page
24),
species
have long
12 to
inches above water, while others are flexible and the flowers
Xymph;eas have
all
leaves floating,
but
occasionally,
when crowded,
N. tuberosa,
own
The
a([uaticnlture,
many
tropical
Nymphasas had reached England prior U) tlie Nelumbiums; their cultivation, however, had
be grown out-of-doors,
occupied the space of the greenhouse
this.
The
to Ijctter
About
of
fifty
introduced
it
into
England,
later
;
was grown
it
in
by Mr. Cope,
Philadelphia
with
>;
y.
c;
"^
ixTkonrcTokv.
marks the CDnimciiccnicnt
I^ittle
of
tlic
cultivation of a(juatics in
in tlie
tlic
l^nilc(.l
Slates.
proL,Tess,
new
cult
involved
floral
I-'isk
flower of
acjuatics
before
the
<.ither
were
also exliil)ited,
until
it
but
it
was not
was found
Xelumbium
specio-
a([uatic gardening-
commanded
real attention.
The
x\t
States.
the present
flowers,
tion
wherever shown.
The
aquatic
the
CHAPTER
THE
Florists,
II.
CULTIVATION
of
parks,
American
extended
The
cultivation has
now
in
is
be seen.
gems
of
failure, or their
lack of the
knowledge
this is
of
culti-
But
assumption,
grown in a hothouse or flower garden, are of more easy Our common bedding plants require much coddling during the greater part of the year; cuttings are taken in August and cared for through several stages until the following Maj- or Jime, when the plants are placed in their summer cpiarters, and the same course has to be again repeated each
no plants
cultivation.
year
com])ared
Where
and such
is
to
be met with at
almost every turn (ponds of stagnant water, sluggish streams, swamps, bogs,
lakes), the possession of a
water garden
is
is
when
verily,
mammoth
same
their
oriental splendor;
it
is
when
planted in a
to the exclusion of
any other
of deli-
All the
cate
many
PLATE
II
MAKIXC
Bamboos, Japan and other
and private gardens
tropical
Iris,
.1
I'dXn.
constitute one of the i^realest attractions of a the leadini;- public parks, j;ardens, cemeteries,
strikinj,--
all
of
all
aquatics, the
grown
of
during the
smnmer under
precisely
the
produced a mass of
flcjwers
in
this
)n
manv
estates a natural
pond or stream
clumps
S])ecial
of water
is to
he found;
if
it
such
is
be outside the limits of the garden proper, yet in such a location that
sight of a drivewa}' or footpath, a few
of the red or yellow
in
Nymphicas
or a
mass
of the
charm
to
dam may
soil
l)e
built
at
moderate
cost.
It is
preferable,
soils.
flowers are
grown
in
bi:)ttoms.
MAKING
Presuming a pond
do
is is
POND.
a stream, the
first
to
be
made by damming
thing to
like.
to clear the
ground
of
Then mark
an ordinary
out the pond with stakes driven into the ground about five or six
may
be done with
if
be
much
ment
be
made
of the soil to be
dam.
and strength
of the
if
and weight
water
it
will
have
if
to hold in.
A dam may
desired,
and
An
overflow must be
provided, and provision made, either by paving with stones or planks, to prevent
the bank from being washed away.
An
in a
outlet
is
if
ever,
lie
wanted
shallow pond;
but
when
Ijy
it
is
con-
may
The
be provided
size
using large
drain or
soil
dam
is
erected.
of the pipe
must be
lo
.U.1/v7.\y;
.1
I'OSD.
according to
tlie
volume
pond
it
must
lie
of sutfieient
it
enters.
Perhaps
its
work
of construction.
tliis
The
wood made
to
fit
off
liable to
become
a dangerous
heavy
rains, provision
should be
its
made (by
wise
In
much damage might be done to the plants, as well as to the pond and dam. such a case an inlet should be made with a gate that can be readily closed if
be.
it
need
In most cases
l)ut
it
will
would be best
may
be
in
when
Swampy and boggy ground may be converted into a beautiful natural or wild garden, and many uncared for places are to be found that are practically worthless for any other purpose. Such a piece of ground may be outside the
limits of the formal flower garden, but
is
garden.
Here,
also,
many hardy
The
and ferns
no
other
part
i)art
of the garden.
site for
of
the
ground,
where
drains
from
the
surrounding
portions
can
empty.
Having
etTect.
selected the
site,
levels, etc., as
general
If
much water
an
where
it
may
be perma-
nently
If
-sion
left
should be
made
it
pond.
of
Water
The
in
soil
will
have
may be
to
two or three
feet,
formed
the
Water
Lilies
must not
freeze,
designated
if
'I.
PVDDLINO.
"hardy."
the pond.
13
The
soil
may
growth
to run
If
the
soil at
stiff
marl,
it
should
Lilies in.
is
many gardens
there
a natural
declivity and a run of water; some soils are sandy and gravelly, while others
are
tenaceous.
Near sandy
stretches of land
potter's clay.
course, necessary.
are should be
in
taken into account and developed, which may mean a considerable saving
the cost of construction.
Having
pond,
its
inches of
soil,
much
in
soil
dug
out.
The
sides of the
pond must
be sloping outward,
at
PUDDLING.
Having dug
Clay will
the space for the pond, the next thing
is
to
make
it
hold water.
it
eft'ectually
do
this,
but
it
free
Provide a large
shallow box similar to that used by masons and bricklayers for the mixing vi
if
lumpy and
pound
it
very similar to
making
of bricks.
With
pond
to a thickness
wooden hammer
or mallet; also cover the bottom evenly and beat or tread as the work proceeds,
mitil the
whole
is
entirely covered
If
grown
sand; this will prevent the water from getting thick and muddy,
when
it is
necessary to get in
among
the plants.
If
the
pond be
of
moderate
is
size, so that
consequently no
may
in
it;
available
.soil,
page
20).
When
filling in
as
14
FOrXTAIX BASJXS.
later,
it
directed
is
in the
so
whatever operation
is in
progress,
A
achias,
sod border makes the best finish to the edge of the pond, and will allow
numerous
(Irasses, Selaginellas,
Lysim-
etc.,
should find a
home on
all
is
not practical in
to,
resorted
such, the
all
ponds.
In
making
imitate nature,
in
which
to
grow water
plants
in
and kept
of
good condition,
early inspec-
means
making an
if
be seen
in city parks,
both
small and large, also in cemeteries, as well as on private estates; these are
available for growing most kinds of aquatic plants.
specially constructed for the purpose, as well as tubs
made
out of hogsheads
and kerosene
foxmtain
it
and be
in proportion to the
it.
allotted to
The
basin of a fountain,
it
and a continual
to
would tend
lower the
growing
plants,
such as Papyrus,
in
large
when
present, care
to fall
to allow a
may
where a supply
in
proximity
to a dwelling house.
There
is
no need
to fear
ARTIFICIAL POXDS.
of malaria, or as a breeding plaee for mosquitoes.
If
17
may
window
or
may form
a part of
pond of irregular
be preferred, and
if
On
summer adornment.
of,
Back of these
if
such be
On
and
in the
The
size of
according to location, and should bear .some proportion to the size of the entire
flower garden.
One from
sixty to
to
to fifteen
enough
accommodate
it
and make an
may
be
made
to
to individual requirements.
The
best
method
of getting to
work
is
draw apian
to a scale,
having
previously taken the dimensit>ns of the ground, and considered the levels, the
to do,
to
be excavated, which
aggregate from
of the size
pond
men-
mark out
the pond, using stout set-sticks, about one foot long, nicely
firmly stuck in the ground, about three feet apart,
pointed; these
may be
if
corrections
made
neces.sary.
When
the outline
considered satisfactory,
drive the sticks firmly into the ground until but three or four inches remain
excavati(.>n.
if
If
it
the
soil
have
to
be
be necessary, but
can be used
in the
If the
ground
is
loamy, and of a
stiff
larly,
and excavate
feet
to the
allow about
is
two
in
well
filled
in.
The
wall
may
flat
be tapered
or on edge.
i8
WALLlXn.
top course of brick should be two or three inches below the ground level,
The
and
work,
build
otherwise
them
An
is
overflow pipe
if
is
essential,
Water
winter
Lilies
biums are
kept
in
the pond
there
will,
how-
ever, be times
soil,
when
transplanting, renewal of
etc.,
off,
will
necessitate the
water being-
drawn
w^ill
be apparent.
oft"
t(j
carrv
more
outlets
of malleable
masonry
for outlet
at the
bottom,
can be
made
to
answer
and overflow.
be
An L
fitting,
attached to this
i)ipe, sliould
and
to this
may
be joined
this
may
it is
inches.
If,
inches of water
in
when
nK
WAl.I.,
the pond
is
wanted
full.
is
A
brick
one
built of either
work or
concrete,
twelve feet long, five feet six inches wide, and from
This will
aft'ord
room
using a in summer, and will prove one of the best tanks for wintering stock frame and sashes, and in severe weather a shutter or covering of salt hay or
l'h'AMi:S.
19
litter,
and bankiny
leaves,
and
litter
fie
or yreen
<>
manure around
the frames.
Two
or
auxiliarv for bringing forward [ilants for setting in the ornamental pond, and
also for wintering the
hardy species
both
tender
Nymphsas
during
summer and winter, provided they are The frame and sashes can be removed as
soon as
in
sets in.
CHAPTER
SOIL.
)T
III.
A FEW
N(
of
it,
ill
absolute
necessity
of
a very rich
fact
is,
soil,
and plenty
The
this is of
more
saving a few
grow
summer
is
the native
Pond Lily, Nympha-a odorata, to be seen high and dry, the water having receded; and when gi'own in tubs, and often in natural and artificial ponds,
when over-crowded,
While most
muddy
soil (as is to
is
The
and
best .selection
laid in a pile,
or farmyard manure,
where a
liberal
is
is
assured, or
available.
The
fall is
and
it
If
with
boards, or
some arrangement
and as
for
throwing
Where ponds
a few
are to be
late as
May,
a pile
may be made
weeks before
After
it
has lain three or four weeks, the whole should be turned, chop-
ping
it
down
mass and thoroughly incorporate the manure. planting, u.se all the rough pieces of sods,
throwing away nothing but stones, or such hard substances as will not rot. Where good barnyard manure is obtainable, it is unnecessary to use artificial
btit
where there
full
is
a deficiency,
may
say
to a
is
barrow load
stronger
soil.
Another good
fertilizer is
sheep manure.
This
much
SOIL.
2T,
cuw
or farmyard
and
is
should be used
to the
f(jr
si.iil
in
proportion of
it
one
to nine.
until
is
to
be
in
used for
jiots,
pottint,^
This
soil
suitable
all
aipiatics
grown
The
(juantity of
soil
much
on the
of
species and the surface water space allowed for the plant.
the
pond be
only moderate
size,
and
it is
desirable to
grow
as
such
as
Nympluea
hybrids, half
When Nelunibiums
when
their culture has
are
grown
in
boxes or
tulis,
of soil as for the f(.)rmer, since these plants are voracio\is feeders,
and often
really a
it
was
case of starvation.
and they
will
respond by a
Where
ample space
for free
size
twelve inches
It will
deej),
and three
j^lace
feet
square,
be necessary to
being
filled
with
soil,
CHAPTER
TREATMENT OF
IV.
MARCJINS.
MARGIN of the pond is every bit as important as the pond itself, and must receive the same care and consideration in the planting. As the frame is to a picture so is the margin or border to the pond it may make or
THE
mar.
all in
The
first
to
arrange
feature, at the
same time
to
form another
be the object.
As no two ponds are precisely the same, the general features must be considered. As before mentioned trees and shrubbery are essential as wind-breaks,
and where these are already
tion
in existence, they should
when
laying out the water garden; they not only are necessary as wind-
breaks, but are an important and indispensable part of the landscape, and a
source' of pleasure
factors,
placed for the languid, whence a pleasant inspection of the occupants of the
midsummer
Where
sun.
Where such
summer
will afford a
welcome
resort.
a few tubs comprise the water garden they should be sunk in the
ground
space of from
twelve to eighteen inches between; the intervening space being planted with
Lysimachia nummularia,
green.
If
light,
glossy
Nelumbiums be included
or,
may
be
on the northwest
group being backed with Ornamental Grasses, with sub-tropical plants such as
Musa
and
ia
others.
sward, and, as elsewhere recommended, the top of the wall should be so sunk as
PLATK
lU.
NYMPH.A GRACILIS.
This, a native of Mexico,
The flowers are borne on stout stems, 10-12 is the only known white day-flowering tender Water Lily. inches above the surface of the water; sepals greenish white; stamens rich golden yellow; Jeliciously fragrant, resembling the Lily-of-the-\'alley. It will doubtless be the parent of other valuable additions to our list of Water Lilies, and we have already a grand blue form.
AkTfFfCIAL PONDS.
tu be
25
covered bv the
fifty to
si.id.
If
from
ample space
will
planting- of large
rear,
the
and
at the
one
to
and the
occupants of the
little
latter.
clumps of Lotus
left
be jjlanted
space will be
for
any
other plants in
alternifolius
(Umbrella Grass).
Next
to the grasses,
if
winds.
is
In case
<if
a tank, such as
and
late protection,
little
way
variegatus.
alternifolius,
Iris
Kicmpfcri,
I.
pseudo-acorus,
pots and placed on pot stands or inverted pots, so as to bring the roots of the
If
shown
in the picture,
the
Iris,
K;cmpferi
may
be planted in the ground near the pond where they can enjoy
all
times.
sward;
this,
in
some
jniblic places,
it is
is
contents, but a
Typha
lati-
the margin inside the basin, bringing the boxes near the surface of the water,
soil.
Between the
taller
stratiotes
(Water
may
be introduced; the
last
two are
floatin.g plants
26
ROCKBRY EFFECT.
A
a
beautiful effect
is
a natural bluff of
or bank as
shown
is
in the illustration
vantage
good view
Where
EULALIA JAPONICA.
This most graceful grass
its
is
seen
liere to perfection.
full
scope.
An
in
such a manner as
(see illus.
page
manner
as
if
Q.-
i;
:5
; a
-S
c ;
5 ~ i
^ O
,;
~l_
-'-
= O i
"?
j^o
NATIRAL POXDS.
occup_v
as
little
29
space as possible.
of large dimensions.
Ferns,
Bam-
and
and
in the
background
artificial,
should take
its
pond below.
Nothing, indeed,
pond
clumps or groups,
of sufficient space
at the
to allow different
occupants.
is
The
Victoria pond
shown on page
35
an
artificial
one,
where native
plants figure largely on the margin, very charmingly and effectually obliter-
ating any signs of masonry or traces of the fact that the whole
is artificial.
Iris
Kiempferi, Eulalia in variety, and Musas were planted, and native plants growing wild in that section were allowed to grow and lu.Kuriate in their
own
natural
directly in
in tubs,
the
pond,
the
the rich
green
to four feet
Shallow
made on Limnanthemum
Where
method
pond
indicum,
Limnocharis Humboldti,
Myos(jtis,
Eichornia
all
water.
damaged by overhanging
they form
a
growth of
of planting the
edge of
artificial areas.
is
The
not so
difficult
edge of an
artificial,
As
and
be be
will
be shallow,
many
thus afforded
of water that
may
is
to
consideration: the
for
in
shallow
water.
Clumps
on page
of shrubbery, subtropical
must be borne
in
mind.
Under such
30
circuit(.iiis
.S7/.l/,/,0U'
MARGIXS.
at
different
points
brought
intii line.
trees should be
etc.,
and
if
spring and stream exist meandering toward the pond, the margin of the same
should be clothed with such plants as Ferns (See Fern Chapter), Forget-menot, Cardinal flowers,
Clumps
Ja])an
in
Iris,
Ponte-
water as do
patches
may
five feet
the latter
is
not
a fitting place for Zizania ac[uatica, one of the most picturesque of hardy
it
is
margin
it
if
will
a strong
retiuires
room
)rontium atpiaticum and Peltandra virginica should find a place on the margin
shallow water.
in
On
of
Ornamental
(rrasses
and for
Fatsia,
Musa
will
will
suggest themselves.
They
will,
if
and
appear as
in their native
haunts
Since no two ponils are iirecisely the same, no absolute guide can be given
individual taste and
pulgment must
is
almost im-
possible to have each and every appropriate plant represented on the margin
of a single pond.
"2
i
5-
*- -^
all
S
-
'5 *
^
=
it
==
3
-3 t;
3
Z
t; -3
->
Z;
t-.
^
^
;;
"'
*^
i
;.
^ I
'5
1^
i
-S
^t it
1 3 s
rt'-S
?
-5
L^
^T
:<
5!
3-
;.
C ^ ^ C
1-
b =
o,
"-
CHAPTER
PLANTING.
V.
TH]'>
it
SEAvS( )X
fcir
plantiiiL;' will
vary accordint;-
ti>
Incality
all
and
scL-linn, l)ut
may
hardy
Nyniphieas
is
vegetation
assured.
ol
Where
start
grow
ice the N'ounL;' leaves of the plants are to he seen, thus denionstratin;.; that they
early
into
growth
when such
order
for
is
perceptihle
it
is
time
he:
to
plant or
trans])lant.
The
natural
plantini;'
aj^pears
to
First,
hardy
NymphiL-as;
secondly,
Nelumbiums;
if
Nymphaas,
and
lastly,
Victoria Re^ia,
The
not
commendahle unless
over
a moderately-
sized pond,
where
a plank
will
I'each
from side
to side, avcjidinj^'
the
necessity of tramping- through the plants to clean off any dead leaves, or to cut
a flower, tiding
dirty, besides
much
In
masoni-y)
it
is
better
to
ha\-e
to
grow
with
into
in.
These,
;
if
large, shoidd
be
placed
filled
filled
soil
mav
be
and planted
being put
the
pond.
After
the
filled
but
in
])osition
4
and
or 6
jilants
exposed
soon
wilt
to
of the
as they will
then
very
and
be
seriously
damaged, indeed,
fill
up would be
34
When
which
is to
it is
deemed
pond
itself,
put from
be planted.
Make
this to
it
prevent the
manure from
li<piid
rising;
the appearance of
The Xutivc
Xvmph;ca
od(.)rata,
and
its
varieties,
have
.good,
is
sufficient to
first
make
a good, strong
planting,
all
season.
soil,
When
to press the
The European
hybrids grow more compactly, making large clumps and specimen plants;
others, i)articularly
Nympha'a
New
leaves
plants
may
is
apparent
at
the season, and as late as August; or plants from pots, and which have several
may
be used,
early.
in
remove
make
make
all
planting in a tlower-bed.
It
is
in
new
submerged two
in
time of planting.
there
is
warm,
settled
weather,
new growth
growth
pond such as
to insure active
at once.
Nelumbiums should
planted in a small pond where Nymphaeas are growing, unless a division wall
confine them to a given space, or they will soon raml)lc over the whole pond,
will
The
in
Nelumbiums vary
is
from
few inches
brittle,
exceptional;
handling and planting that the roots are not bruised or damaged.
good
5 S
it
I.
:(
.-^
*-.
r-
X'
<
/'/,.i.\t/ay;
xvmph.^^as.
and a small
lateral
^,^
leadinj;- shoot,
one
at the
more often
consists of
two
sections, thus
having a
if
some other
surface.
heav\- article
upon
it,
to
keep
in
it
fr<jni
Small tubers
mav
be started
jiots,
or in
wooden
and thus
is
Nelumbiums grown
(plant food) during the
in
than
is
allowed for
all
to give
possible
gmwing
season.
The
tubs
may
be
filled to
within
submerged
in a
pond.
Xviii/ilncns
;
Tropwnl or Tender
should not be planted out until settled be sometime fnim the middle of
to plant
warm weather
the
first
is
assured
this will
May
it
to
is
week
of June.
considered safe to plant out tender bedding plants such as Coleus and Alternanthera.
As our summers
it is
kmg
fully devel<_)p,
if
it is
better to secure
planting out
in
as before
recommended.
If
a few
command,
sash.
the tubs
If this
may
some warm
may
and ensure
by several weeks.
to retard the
sometimes desirable
blooming
of
hardy Nympha.-as, so as
to bring
them
into flower
somewhat
same
as,
the tender
ones.
This
may
out:
draw
off
the water, thus exposing the crowns of the plants, which must be
kept out of the water, but must not be dried up by the action of the sun and
air;
may
also be
laid over
them
to
The
ro(jts
may
alsn
38
be
may
in their
summer
remains to be done;
the overflow havint;' been fixed so that the water level will be about six inches
below
full
water mark.
made
off
full height,
may
collect
by the use
garden
will
less.
As
be removed; conferva'
will
may
accumulate, but
the
amount
of care
be comparatively small.
Si
;
~
2 o
^ -2
ii
^ ,^ 4^ ^ z ^
"
"5
i s
5 i =(.
i-
-i;
.~
rL.\TE IV.
NYMPH/EA GIGANTEA
The
illustration represents
color is purple in bud, changing on opening to a soft satiny blue, shading to white, the yellow
ing.
in
The plant requires a temperature of from 80- to 90^ to permanent quarters, avoiding atall times a sudden fluctuation
any other species of Nymphsa. The stamens are slender and incurvstart either seed or tubers and ample root room prior to planting
It is
in
of Australia.
CHAPTER
HVIiRIDIZING
of such
VI.
the raising
progeny
always a source of
and
Water
due
Lilies
may
The
larye
list
of
under cultivation
to the exercise
this art.
Few good
"chance"
worthy
of
in either the
special
merit,
knowledge of
the different
species or varieties.
With
plant
lirst
a special object in view, pick out the varieties for the separate parent
is to
be the
its
.seed
bearing
must be
closelv watched,
stamens the
day
of opening,
and
pollen.
On
the
second day, gather the pollen from the selected pollen-bearing plant, using for
the purpose a soft camel's hair pencil, and deposit the the .selected flower.
fl(jwer,
of
day.
The
flower must be
re-covered with the gauze immediately after the operation, and remain covered
until the flower dies off.
When
in
the fertilized
flower dies
oft"
ripens,
and
due course
until
of time
it,
it
away
it is
time
sow
may
determine.
SEED SAVING.
Nymph;ea
species and S(jme crosses produce seed very freely.
Some
species are only propagated by seed, but several varieties do not produce seed
42
at
all.
SEi:n SAVi.xc.
^'(lun^ plants that
off, to
show
tendency
to
The
native
freely.
Nymphsea
produced
is
and
difficult to
is
they should
seed
is
is ripe,
tied in
As
tied
soon as the
the jiods burst and the seed rises to the surface, but
up in a bag,
is
easily collected.
Where
this is not
must be made
off the
about a month after the flower fades, quantities of seed can be skimmed
surface of the water as soon as the capsule bursts, but after a da}- or two, the
seed
all
disappear;
it
bottom or
floats to the
edges of the
])ond, or is
washed away.
as N. zanzibarensis and Select strong plants,
its
forms, and N.
much
finer or
if
it is
impossible
off
As
August
ing.
them
to
remain
in
full
sun, as the
it
extreme heat of
and
render
Provide a fine and a coarse sieve; the mesh of the coarse one should be
of ordinary mosquito netting, this will allow the seed of
the tender species (with the exception of X. gigantea) to pass through, thus
separating the seed from the dead parts of the flower and capsule.
fine
is
an excellent article to
in
washing
and cleaning the seed, the seed of the hardy Nymphasas being larger and
heavier, readily sinks in water, and
is
easy to clean.
As each
written on
it,
lot is
washed,
it
paper with
the
name
airy,
may be
stored
tin
away
in
boxes and
is
best
sown at
once,
and
if
perhaps best
to
sow
all
iM'itinttius
Kiilalla.
Mnsa
ri.AN'i'iM;
t'tist'te.
!'ap\-fns
\'i(
Kavt-niiM-.
cii'
A \
i;\i,
.1
n;itur:il imiiil
ill
ii:irl
;iiiil
\V:itiT l.ilirs in
hr
I'lirc^niiiiKl.
I
willi
rluiiiiis
of
lir iii.ir^iii.
l
itii
Sour Cum.
tvrrs in
lir
li.irliuninnd.
Tlir
rr.itjin-iit <if
he
ni:iif;iii
hir^r jtmiils nitli nniiili- spare for forrst trt'rs ami /inrli-lilir l.iiiil /lirliirr has tin- false niipe:! inner of the plants lirinu' rrowdril : this is owiui; to Tlir plants arr: reiliirtion. :niil to tlir f:irt thiit only ;i small purl of the pond is \isilih\ I'apynis Erianlhiis Havrnna-: ICnIalia jaitonira \arirfiata : Miisa rnsrir. lari^r sprrinirn
is snit;ililf
: :
aniiiiuiiruni
l-.'iilalia
Japonira
y.ehrina.
C.lA7v'57.\v;
OVF.R:
is
WLXTERING.
l)ut
45
rijie,
but this
the best
in this
way
some
cases,
particularly with
Nym-
CARRYINfJ OVER:
WINTERING.
etc.,
other tmpical kinds in that they do not send out side shouts, but are
mostly confined to one central crown, such plants are diHicult to keep over
winter, as they will not
make
if
any attempt be
be
made
to
dry them
off.
Should
plant should
lifted
and
reduced
in size
not be above a temperature of 65", and durinj; cold weather the plant will not
suffer in a temperature of 60, but
in
through winter.
be
ke])t
in
The
soil at a
tubers of
all
tender Nymph;eas
60'';
may
look
out
mice,
as
they
will
assuredly
in
All hardy
protected from
method
of culture
is
Our
native
Water
Lilies in natural
sufficient
depth of
prevent
them from
it
freczinij.
of
in a tank,
it
is
best to leave
position pro-
frost
proof, but
is
This
may be
effected
by
is
where sncjw
snow should be
CHAPTER
F1\()M
tlie first
Vll.
of Nyin])li;eas
and
oilier aqiKities
liandlin^;' nuist
may
be considered independently.
([uick
March
is
more favorable
for
and healthy
_<4ro\vtli,
in their
growth.
The
seetl
may
fall
flower seeds, in pots or pans, using soil neither light nor heavy.
pile of sods
diliou;
if
the
make
it
iiorous.
in in
If this so}\
be not available use the best that can be procured, such as that
which
the
it
is
known
it
manure
in
soil,
as
will
ferment
in
the water.
soil,
Sow
and cover
foi'
sandy
after
water
submerge
at a
in
water covering
three
inches;
temperature of 75 to
in
The
later.
about ten or
fifteen
days, looking
days
somewhat like spears of grass, the first leaf will be visible a few The seed of Nym])h:ea dcntata and of other night blooming Water
longer before germinating, and the hardy species
Ljiiger
still.
Xo
six
months
made two
planted into other pots or seed pans, similar to other seedlings, using
the
first
as in
instance.
at first
is
to
keep them
in the
water; use
still,
a piece of
bamboo
DIVISION.
side the seed pot; select a plant, take hold of
it
47
finj^er
Now
it
will
appear
to be
all
plants, on
beini;
raised the
roots are inclined to clinLT to something, and most particularly to the leaves, and
to t;et tan}:(led tajrether
to separate
float,
and straighten
out.
When
move
is
such
is
roots by
means
all
of the stick and then with a gentle pressure near the tips of the
it
roots
soil.
That
manner
iicrfornieil
e.xpeditiouslv and in
good
stvle.
i\fter the
seedlin;..;s
pots
(j'-j
inch),
and when
well established in these, repotted into 4-inch pots and from these into
cpiarters, or as the case
in
summer
if
demands.
kecj) the
Do
the seed
JJots,
lint
young
growing
steadily,
and
they
wash
off all
Hardy
may
be propagated by division of
work
is
when
i)i"o-
new growth
is
assured.
ducc side shoots, which form tubers toward the close of the season.
After the
leaves are cut off by frost, the main root, with side shoots attached, should be
dug
off.
These
stools ma\-
be
greenhouse
in
sandy
soil,
watering
mav
be ncct-ssar\-
to repeat the
same operation.
S(j
mav
be allowed to become
as to shrivel.
remain sound
and good
two
is
to
keep one
or 5-iuch
in
will proh.-ihh-
over, and
may
blocim, but
show a tendency
to
go
At the
should be taken out of the water, and the pots, with their contents,
in
jilacc.
hot,
start into
growth, and
may
not be sufficiently
ripe to
wanted
to start
in
In spring;
the
48
SEEDLING PLANTS.
tubers
to 80",
may
be potted in fresh
soil
and placed
in
water
at a
temperature of 75
when they will start into active growth and send making separate and independent growths. Select the
out
numerous shoots
strongest
will
have three or four leaves, and pot into 4-inch pots; these
plants individually, and produce larger and better flowers
As soon as established in these pots they should be planted in permanent summer quarters, or repotted into 6-inch jjots if it be too early to plant out. Others may be allowed to finish their growth in 4-inch pots and mature tubers for another year; all Nymphasas that produce tubers may be
smaller plants.
treated as above
recommended.
Victoria and Euryale plants are annuals, producing no tubers, and propa-
gation
is
sow
in
to the
date
when
(See further
NYMPH^A
ReproJuced
fnjni a
STURTEVANTIl.
pliotugraph and greatly reduced. This massive incurved flower with large broad shell-hUe petals is entirely distinct from all other tropical night-blooming NymphcTas in size, form, color, and general characteristics. The color is a bright rosy red, brilliant in the early morning sun and dazzling by artificial light. Like all tropical Nympha-as, the plant delights in a high temperature, full sunshine, and pure air where it can enjoy the same cultural conditions as Victoria regia it produces its
;
CHAPTER
Wri(_)
its
VIII.
NOT
Pond
Lily,
Nymphtua
all
odorata, and
pink
fcjrni,
N.
o.
rosea?
lovers of Howers;
yes,
The
placid water in
the early morn, attract the attention of the laborer and artisan
air
Who
In
indigenous;
species, flava.
Thus we have
in
yellow, and pink, natives of the United States and the progenitors of
numerous
many
Other countries,
too,
England has
its
Bohemia has
These are
species.
Candida
all
hardy and
will
it
is
the American
Nelumbium
It
luteum.
is
it is
tions of the
known
its
generally.
same conditions
and
is
as the hardy
Nympha;as
flow-
indigenous
where
it is
Notwithstand-
ing that
Nelumbiums
named
can
all
JO
lliey
XYMI'II.EAS
cannot be thus yrown
in
C/.ASSHS
I'ai;^lanil,
.\.\l>
DISTRird'TK >S.
severe winters are not
C'ur
wIiltc such
experienced, but on the other hand that country lacks the heat of
so the i)hint
is
summers,
and
not able to
i)ert"ect
or
mature
jiink,
its
t^rowth.
rose,
Nelunibiunis, like
colors,
deep
and yellow
The
tropical or tender
p.ale
Xymph;eas end)race
niu'lit
all
and crimson,
divi(.led into
These are
ag'ain
These
sjiecies
and varieties
forms azurca
in
are
widelv
its
and rosea
X.
ccei-ulca
arc,
as
the
name
implies,
to
Zanzibar,
Africa:
comes from
ICj^ypl; N.
yigantea
X. dentata,
(.Sierra
Leone)
X. rubra,
it
Indies).
This
la.st is
apparently the
of
but be this as
antl
1
many
list
crimson, which
make up
of
aff(uxl ditferent
and
and
pet;ds, others
sharp
some flowers
float
stand out above the surface of the water several inches on stout stalks.
As
to fragrance:
some resemble
\'iolcts,
others
Tea Roses,
may
be
Water
Lil\-, it is
pceuliai'ly its
own.
^1
r(o
CHAPTER
THE
ail",
IX.
THH VICTORIA.
VICTORIA
regia
is
now
a<;d.
well
knuwn
wmid,
ICnj^land
It is
years
the open
and
is
whenever
It is
is
wonderful of
plants.
where
it
intlis-
The
earliest
tells
traveller wIkj
covered
it
was Ibenke,
in
it,
i.Soi.
Dr.
Lindley
us that
first
" I'.onipland
but
.M.
to semi
home
In
work
])ublishcd
!)'<
)rbi,gny
It
mentions havsa_\s,
(jiiiana.
was known, he
name
of Irupe,
in
which resemble
call
The
the
plant
Sjianiards
them roasted."
first
horticulttirallv speaking,
when on
day of
I'.ritish
January,
(iuiana.
in
R.
Schomburgh came
it
iqjon
in
this noble
in
A German
but
it
some
trilnitaries of the
Amazfiu
Royal
1S32,
was when
cjf
R.
Schomburgh,
dcscrilied
to
in
letter
to
the
(ieographical Society
with,
I'^ngland,
met
that
public attention
was drawn
it
ma.gniticent
It
plant.
Sir R.
Schomburgh
live
rightly described
as a vegetable wonder.
it.
"
It
feet across,
with a
flat
crimson underneath,
floating
character with
such
wonderfid foliage
petals
saw luxuriant
tints,
each consisting of
numerous
passing in alternate
fr(jm
The
54
THE
VICTORIA.
tlie
smooth water was covered with the blossoms, and which possess
additional
charm
is
of extensively
diffnsinjj;'
a sweet frajjrance."
in his
Its
introduction to gardens
home
of
in 1846
seeds
in
wet
and flowers
in spirits.
in
in
The
first
November
i<S49,
and
plant
Her
.Majesty,
Oueen
Victoria,
wIkjsc honor
the
The upper
surface
is
of a
deep
which are
The underside
of the
The
peculiar formation
leaf imparts to
it
mature
to
Tower
("irove
Park,
St.
Louis, in 1896,
had a
The
J.,
ilhis-
tration on
page
represents a \'ictoria as
grown
at
Clifton,
N.
which
had
at
in different stages of
its
development,
less
when
fifteen to
diameter, the
white, passing
to
when
the bud
opens,
by successive shades, the second day, into a rosy hue, a lively red
crimson.
The
the
flowers exhale a pleasant odor, not unlike that of a rich pineapple, during
first
evening on opening
of bursting,
show signs
open.
The bloom
lasts
but two days, or more correctly speaking, two nights, during the hot weather,
but occasionally at the end of the season the flowers endure three days.
in cultivation, but in
was grown
at
Bordentown, N.
also
J.,
rim of the
leaf
was
^'.
It
and
is
now known
as
var.
Randii.
proved a most useful and very desirable one for open United States, and
Later
it
is
became a
matter
and
?-
i c
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51
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r,
5 5 ;
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a
K;
.-
T 2
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7:
^
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'^.
^
+-
"^
^ ^
A
:::
S^
^a^H
t
-
?
t.
i ?
i
+^
Sr
!^
L-
'-^
-^
^ 1 1
^'
2'
"5
; ~
-2
S ~
"^ ;'
^ S ^ o
xf'
=^
s! "^
~:
/
=
^
"^
-4
-^ f^
=
"^
5 S
=
2
"S
S o
-o
c ^ u J w C OJ r^-
c ^
-
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^ C C
43
<iJ
.1
.\7;ir
u.\rihi:r
vicmuiA.
to try a
57
beinn'
desinms
of securing
it
determined
new
fmrn a Euro]iean
porting to he
loth of
(if
re.^ia.
Some
of this
March under
at a
pi'ccisely the
85'^
I
same conditions
to 90 Fahrenheit,
and
in
water
temperature of
of germination,
same time
examined another
to a
same
The
seed-
were
p(jtted
off
singly,
X'ictoria
jjlants;
subjected
t(.i
a temperature of
and
re-piotted at
20.
From
mottled
the
first
marked them
as
entirelv distinct
from the original form, the leaves being light green and
with
reddish
brown on
the
face,
pui'plish
below.
The
rapid
In
its
it
were
of the plant
was
it
which
did, at a
The
first
and during August the same plant pro(luced twelve magnificent flowers;
first
these on
color.
(opening were pure white, and on the second day of a lively rose
as nine flowers
visible in difTerent
stages of development, wdiile var. Randii produced but half that number, and
five
The
illustration
on page 55 represents the first plant of the variety as grown at Clifton, N. J., where it made such a record and proved to be so entirely distinct from anything before seen in the United States.
The same
Last year a few plants that were not wanted were allowed to remain in eightinch pots,
flower,
and would
have continued
of this variety
was expected, and not having been bagged the seed was
as
scattered.
So
far
was possible the seeds were picked up, but a number escaped notice and
Early
in
sank.
July, 1.S97. a
number
made
their
58
THE
Durinj;- the winter but little
VICTORIA.
in the
water remained
solid;
water
stiff clay,
was pounded
firm,
and
vigorous.
The
is
we
distinguish
when
Nym-
pha'as,
l.)Ut
will
become
a universal
favorite, as
is
flowers.
Thus
we have
may
be that
onl}'
one of
them
is
worthy of
specific distinction,
be determined on
a fuller
Victoria regia
of easy culture;
all
coming from a
tropical country,
successfully.
is
it
requires
native
summer temperature
it is
the season, to
grow
it
In
its
habitat,
It
if
to treat
it
as an annual
freely,
produces seed
and
artificial
ripen, but
it
months
After it
is
ripe,
The
growing the
plants.
The water
sown
temjicra-
in pots, or
seed
in shallow water,
will
some
will
make an appearance
These
should be potted
thumb
the water temperature for potted plants need not exceed 85; the
young
plants
should be repotted at intervals, keeping them steadily growing until they are
summer
quarters.
Sufficient
at all
crowded
VI(!(II{(irs
laillWTH
(IF
rAII.CIWMA
I.\l]'i;itI.M.IS.
from a yoiinu-
ami
striliiitfi olijcct in
iiniwth of h youn^i iihiiit. or //mi- a-rowth : in this sta^e it foriiin a niont iilraxiiiahaclifirotinil or siirrdiindin^ns of tiif Watrr Cardrii. its
lii'autifiil,
lar^p
tri-iolivii
hi'
may
tropical appi'sranei'.
'I'lif
u;ro\vtli
CILTIVATION.
The
\'ictiiria i-c(|iiirc.s
two
feet of
water above
|)it
nuist be
made
for
it;
be large enough
fifty
cubic feet of
soil,
such as
recommended
In
a
for
growing Nympha?as.
pond
enough
ti;)
to
grow
a Victoria
plueas together,
is
the depth of water must, therefore, not greatly exceed two feet;
will
crowns
twenty
of those
to
water
is
twentv-four inches
obtained bv sinking the pit to hold the soil one foot below the bottom level of
the pond.
This
pit
feet
ment.
The
walls
may
in the center of
laid in
should be
As
this is
may
be laid in concrete
week
in
May the
made
may be
made
it.
of ordinary lumber,
in sections
and fastened
The frame may be made one continuous pitch, the .sashes overlapping each other, but a better way is to make a frame, the sashes pitching in opposite This will be found easy to handle for directions making an equal span roof.
ventilation
and inspection of
or
plants.
to
Where two
be grown
in
one
jjond,
it
will
be better
about the
space.
become
too
At
Nymphicas
should be planted; these should be strong plants that will give immediate
effect.
The
must receive
first
firing
may
This temperature
The system
built.
If
pits are
may be
practical
and economical
to utilize the
62
it
t(.)
THE VICTORIA
very oftun
liajiiK-ns that this
I'OXD.
be adopted.
The
best for
tlie piir]:)ose is
The
site for
the boiler
sit;ht,
vSteam
may
it
not to be
recommended
unless
pump must
not be
as
the
oil
is
The
is
best
method
to use live
ample
and
witli a pit-cock.
tlie
valve will
exhaust which
soil
may
empty
into
tlu' pit.
Cover the
])ipe
with drain
tiles
or insert in a
pipe or
soil
heated water
to rise.
or non-
conducting material.
In the case of hot water heating, flow and return jiipcs are necessary, and
The
until the
States.
i-inch pipe
may
circuit the
it
pit,
but
if
placed
In this
will
case the return pipe must ncccssaril)- be under the bottom of the
pond proper;
through
])ipe is carried
perfectly water- tight as serious trouble will result from a leaky tank.
Towards
the middle or latter part of June the plants will have attained
means
it is
full
exposure, which
not
in
prudent
this
to
to
warm;
grtjwth
this
all
at
temperature of
80, or
spell,
pull
through, and the tropical Nymplneas will doubly repay for the care and attention
bestowed on them
attain
such perfection
PLANTING OUT.
In the nciylibdi-hcuKl n(
I'liikideljihia
63
and
New
first
to the middle of
will
May;
may warm
heat, for
must be maintained.
doinj^' well
artificial
flowers,
As
artifi-
summer
the
has
and there
cold spell,
Hut
if
gr^wn with
the
safe
good proportinns,
artificial heat,
in tact, e(iual to
it is
by the time
Victoria plants are very succulent, and wiiludt liear the cdnfinenient
in a
packing case
distances,
in the
same manner
that a
nf
Palm
will,
hmg
suffering, but
joiirne_\%
small i)lants
shii3i)ed <in a
When
submerged
comparatively low temperature during the journey, they should nut be at once
in
for
growing
On opening
existing temperature,
in
the plant dtiring the day, gradually increasing the temperature as the plant
recovers
its
normal condition.
do
The
in
the put in
which
it
has gnnvn,
shows signs
of growth,
which
it
shcjuld
may
be
When
little later;
it
may
at
once be
operation.
at a
tempei'ature
occasions
is
when
thermometer on hand,
temperature
is
in
the water
preferable, so as
at sight.
64
THE
VICTORIA.
wen
to
..
,
:/,
"""
.IT"';"'"'
'
eaiise.
,if
1.
termental,,,,, or other
beriven..dthep,,,e"
are hay taten
^' '7t'
h "
'
;;
" "'""
"'
^'^
^'.eeh the.t-,h
p-t d, h,oo;re:::t:, :; '"e:::'";:; throu-.nj. up a flower every third or I'juiLii fourth ua\, and dav occasiona n v n vpim- ..,.. ^'-^ ^^'^ ""eather every second day.
he prochtced and
::;r;l:;"V"';
i,
'"",^'''' ""'" ""' ^-' '" ' "" ""' "'"" *"'"<' '
''
rT;
"-
-<">
'
ripen,
'
h^^^.tV"
""
"""
'
CHAPTER
AQUATICS
^
X.
most tender,
necessary to
have strong
more
when
The advantage
is
which
to
An
for the
best adapted
it
gives
all
light possible.
In place of
the usual table have in the center of the house a tank, built of masonry, concrete or brickwork, the latter preferred.
The length
in
the tank
should have a division wall across the center, thus making two tanks,
it
as,
with a
is
always best
to
the other, and in winter one tank can be used for stock, the
if
Water
last
Lilies,
be
laid in
cement, troweled
off.
cement.
Such a tank
large plants.
A
and
easily
if
fl(jwer pots
slates; this is
most convenient
Provision should be
made
the center will be sufficient, as the greenhouse will be heated, and should be
66
piped tu maintain a
of 70.
wliich
ever
pipe
is
most convenient,
answer.
inch
If
one-iialf or three-quarter
inside
If
be perfectly water-tight, thus forming a hot-air space the entire length of the
tank and equalizing the temperature.
is sufficient,
good plan
is to
build a short jjiece of pipe into the wall, through which to pass
tliis
will
make
connections
in
when
is
the piping
is
done.
the wall
necessary, as the
tank at one end, and the exhaust can empty into the tank, or
may
be con-
nected with an exhaust pipe and be conveyed tlirough the wall as recommended
for hot
An
to
Any
size,
from one
two inches
an
this
the Ijottom and c(.)nnected with a drain; the inlet should be a few inches from the
wall, with
piece fitting level with, or slightly l)elow the floor of the tank,
the upright piece of pipe should screw easily int" the fitting, and sliould reach
to within half an inch of the top of the tank.
Where
only a moderate
l)e
number
more
of plants
is
benches ma\-
feet long,
To
afford
means
for
at the
cross-tie pieces
which
iron bars
should be used across the bearers about nine inches apart, making a substantial rest for
Should
it
be made
to
have
a part of either tank heated several degrees higher than the rest
in the tank,
fitting
it
moderately tightly,
drop door
in the
front.
An
oil
lamp
when
down
If
in the
dav when
the sun
is
necessary.
maybe made
advised.
hemlock;
"I
''
y.
"^
'<
(>r\ikA.\i)k.\
(luring wiiitci- aiul spring,
i-i:xi;sTh'.\iJS
6 c,
in
summer, or when
any
place,
(,r
iieat
is
it
a useftd adjunct to
and
for
may
medium
If
is
as cocoanut fibre
which indeed
is
the best
fi>r
such a purpose.
a tank of
more than
;
to be jireferred
this
it
Do
lilled
plants into
with water; but allow the water to stand for three or four days,
in,
ofY'
Do
be thick or
cloudv,
it
Among
all
the
is
Madagascar.
t<.>
Its
although known
cultivation for
wards
it
of
forty
years,
]ilant,
is
yet a rare
in
good condition
and attractive
<.)f
aijuatic plants.
The
INDlVlm-AL LEAF' OF OrvIRA.NDRA F]:NKHTRAr.IR.
leaves
may
be termed
lace,
in
color
in
the
early
stage,
changing
deep green when fully grown, with a greenish yellow midrib; the flowers are white, the stem being split at the top into two spikes.
to
70
The
warm
house,
wooden
vessel in
preference to anything
else.
Some
have been
grown
in
tubs
unnecessarv
to
01
IKAMUtA FENtSTKAI.IH
as
in a
keep
clear,
but conferva-
The
best
means
to clean
this off
and add
to introduce
a few tadpoles or
water
snails.
fOMI!INi:il.
s/Kit
;il
ditlrrcnt sciis(jn.s
the
pond
in full
and
of tlif yi':ir. Thr ujijifv [lid iirc with fninif and sushfs. Tin- i-vntnil
/lictxirf
aquiitii-
winter with its c-inriiiy of snow. The lower section shows the pond in summer witli plants : .\'yniph;e,is. fat Tails. Rushes, and Cy perns, and t lie Juvenile attfud.int fn-dini: the fish. This .sy.steni of covering- the aquatic tank orjiond is to lie conmieuded.
CHAPTER
XI.
more healthful
recreatifin
if
to
both
The
is
fish
with these
we have an
all
and
recreati<jn
the children.
Few
])ersons,
young or
and
old,
become
as
much
young
its
as does a kitten,
to a child to
hand, or congregate
when
disturbed.
the
Gold
fish
and others
The presence
of frogs,
tadpoles,
and water
snails is
the fish are liable to eat both the larvte of and the
sunfish are especially destructive
young
same water
The
to
illustration
severe weather in
zero.
winter,
20"
3
below
depth
in
The
size of this
pond
3 ft.
ft.
x 16
ft.
and
ft.
one being
fish in
winter.
The
size
I
and
made
ft.
have,
plants
x 12
ft.,
The
in soil
74
and
Cat-tails, with
are easily lifted out of the water and placed in jars or other vessels to hatch.
The
pond
The
uppermost picture shows the mode of protection in early fall and spring, a removable frame and sash over the pond protecting the plants from early frosts
and prolonging the
sea.son.
On
hay, straw, or similar material are packed around the frame, and the sash
to
is
Then
let
Dame Nature
finish
the
work as shown
in the central
picture.
On
and during a
warm warm
The
si)ell,
the frame
may be
the atmosphere
inside
may
be dispensed with, and air admitted on l)right days. growth and have leaves and (lower buds long before
their a])])earance on the surface of the water,
make
and
summer
lower panel.
Nymph^a
Marliacea chromatella.
5 S
c ^
gj
::,
=:
.J
~~ .
5 ?
5 =
-,
r"
^ ^ ?
fi 5
I
o i
; 5
""
-4
S
!>:
5 5^-=
-^
Q.
CHAPTER
INSECTS, RATS, DISEASES,
FEW,
observed
IF
AXV plants
and other
acjuatics are
free.
put
in
other plants in
The
them when
ciuantitics will be
washed away
may
also be
dusted with tobacco dust, but this makes them very unsightly, and should
only be used
fail.
Green
fly
and black
fly
among
is
appetites,
to aphides.
not so
much
the pretty
it is
little
the un-
dusky brown
larvae; these
trees,
fellows live
to eat,
They
a bug,
are
met with on
many
is
persons not familiar with them and their mission, and believing that a bug
and that
all
fate,
the
life
iVnother
enemy
to
is
tly;
it
these
is
the
do the work.
The
transparent,
whitish wings, netted like fine lace, bright golden eyes, and a beautiful green
body.
While not so
common
in the
where,
on hatching, the
ymmg
much
trouble.
78
AND ENEMIES.
the Lotus
is
that
in
attacks
Botis
first
nchmiliiis
tliis
makes
its
appearance early
it is
leaves are
somewhat
of the leaf
slight
rolls
web; but
finds its
way
only
known remedy
is
is
hand
picking.
I
not
The common,
1896.
it
There
uses
which made
appearance on the
Nymph;eas, but
it
case the larva cuts a [liece off the edge of the leaf, and
later,
as
it
matures,
it
it
uses two
pieces,
is
sandwiched.
As
is
the
same
noticeable
but
remedy
is
may
be destroyed by taking
another
the worst to
exist
the muskrat.
every
much damage to the banks of the ])ond, but they eat the tubers of the Nelumbiums in winter or when in a dormant condition, but they do not molest the growing ])lants. They are also very partial to some Nymphtcas, especially X.chromatella. Nelumbiums
means musi be eniplnycd
to eradicate
growing
in
stiff,
clayey
soil
soil in
which
it is
Ti'apping
means
wards
wary and
be in the
C(-)lf>ny.
scent danger
as a
was known
to
to
danger
signal and
known
to
vicinity,
make
is
a settlement or
Nymphseas; these
if
necessary, and
yoxi
have
artificial ones, in
be avoided.
flowers,
life,
some.
5ii
S
"-
?
?
"5
<
-ICC
II
S
! I
2 i
=^1!
He
I
t-
2l
A.\l>
EXHMIES.
they prey.
Si_)me
to
Si
c_)f
fi_)rms
when allowed
is
go on
unchecked,
it is
impossible to separate or disentangle the plants or leaves withonly found where few
(,'onfervEe
in
when
LEAF
III-
HAiMfi' N\.\irii.i:v
\i ii:r'ii:it
wri
ii
i:i;i
l)e
remedy
is
Bordeaux mix;
ture, (jne-third
use
for
plant as well
tliis
will also
is
trouble
82
I.\SF-:CTS.
RATS. DISEASES.
AXD EXEMIES.
made
its is
A
blight.
appearance
to
annoy
aquaticulturists,
rapidly,
As
ing like maturity can be obtained: the plant gets weaker and smaller, and
would ultimately
Potash Bordeaux,
ance.
state.
die.
is
Hordcanx mixture
it
is
new mixture.
in a portable
preferable as
Apply with
the others in a
off in
the
if
api)lication of the
of
more
fond
to
be eaten
way,
it
is
best to
compartment by
themselves, and introduce a sunfish or two, which will clear off the snails and
their larva- in a
kinds,
and as
all snails
that eat Hydrocharis, etc., will not eat the leaves of the Ouvirandra), care
must be taken
place.
It is
in
this
respect, and
sunfish
must be kept
all
in their
in
proper
an
artificial
Water
snails
larvae
is
and
destrojis
more or
and they
we must
an}-,
know-
if
injury indoors.
Frogs and tadpoles are of great service and should be encouraged in and
too,
which she
is
particularly fond.
In the natural ponds, water snakes will put in an appearance, these reptiles
will
devour both
destroy
fish
and
we
latter,
all
snakes possible.
CHAPTER
THERE
which
IS
is
XIII,
PRCJBABLY some
peculiar to itself
one
feature
in
any
heated
Lily
pond
circximstances
ti>
numerous
same.
The
is
learn
some
now
an
made
to
unc
(jnly
that
is
of
to
Prospect
Park,
Brooklyn,
N.
laid
Y.,
where
a
be seen.
water
One pond
is
exclusively used
for the
Egyptian
I^olus,
while
visit
the
third
is
who
the park,
used for tropical species, the principal plant being Victoria regia.
in this is
The water
its
accompanying
in the
figures.
The water
hot water
is
pond
is
The pond
is
feet deep.
From
the sectional
view
it
will
be seen that the sides of the pond shjpe inward to the bottom,
at a point
commencing
A
is
water
line is
The water
heated by a
boiler,
is
hundred square
four inches in
fittings
heating buildings.
The piping
is
of
the
and rust
ii>ints.
Two
BOILER
I*
if
g B*if
.11
FOR
.1
LILY I'OSD
mains
rise
Ijriek
85
the tank.
The
Ihuv
whieh
is
wooden box
<r>n
reaching- the
liave a stand-pipe,
which serves
From
the
way back
to the lioiler.
drops down and rnns aronnd to a point near the main Lib'
where
it
connects with a Y, frum which twc) tour inch pipes are run around the pond,
turns being
made by means
it
ot
45
ells,
as
shown.
)n
reaching the
^.loint
leaves the tank, the two four inch pipes are connected
Y and from
to the return
main.
is
followed
in
The requirements
ture or
fires
laid
amount
first
of water that
it
might
lie
necessary to turn
inti>
the jxmd.
The
are
the street mains to supply the pond and change the water in
has varied in
the pond has the weather
temperature from 40
to 50
and the
sjiecified
tem]3erature in
96*
when
When
and
level.
an outlet
at
water to reduce
An
rising
overfl(.)w
pipe
is
provided
at
In operation
it is
only
little
heat benefit
in
water
in
The water
the pond
is
mud
in
the
owing
to the earth
into the
pond and
CHAPTER
DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF WATER
I
XIV.
LILIES,
HAKDV
NY.MPH.KAS.
Lily).
Xvnilili;L-;i
alhu.
(White Water
species,
native of Great
Britain,
It is a
dark green glossy foliage, and large, white, cup-shaped flowers. It is well adapted for use in either artificial or natural ponds, and shallow or deep water, but is being superseded by new varieties and by hybrids of greater merit. .V. a. aindirliasima is like the preceding in every way, except that it has larger flowers with broad petals. It is one of the best for planting in large ponds where bold effect is desired, its masssive foliage and flowers standing out well above the water, as seen in the illustration on page ii. A'. hluiKhi is a vigorous and free flowering species, somewhat similar to N. a. gigantea; flowers of dazzling whiteness in which respect it is unsurpassed
in cultivation.
Bohemian species, similar to N. alba, Flowers of snowy whiteness, two and one-half to three inches across; sepals tinged with green. The L.WDEKERi VAKiKTiES are among the choicest of hybrid Nymphteas; their flowers are medium sized (two and one-half to three inches in diameter),
caiulichi.
(syn. semiaperta).
They are the plants are vigorous, but not robust like the Marliacea forms. size, where space is limited and the
is
desired
as the
L Mgens,
name
.V. L. f'ulva has large star-shaped flowers; the four sepals are greenish yelLeaves low; petals creamy yellow sufl:used with red, stamens golden yellow. dark green, mottled with red. A'. L. lilacea has a delicately formed and chaste flower of a soft rosy lilac It is exquisitely fragrant, resembling a Tea Rose. color with yellow stamens.
Leaves deep glossy green, with occasional dark blotches. .V. L. purpurata is somewhat larger than the others of
this
llARf'Y XYMI'ILILAS.
petals lung-er and
87 of a rich
more
has proved a universal favorite, the peculiarity of the fl(.>\vers from a rosy jiink to rose purple as they age, affords most pleasing combinations and gradations of hue. Where several plants are grown together the numerous flowers of various shades give a charming feature, not elsewhere known in Water Lilies. This variety is well adapted for large aquariums and will produce its dainty (lowers even when growing in a f(.)ur inch pot, but its true character, size and color are seen only when planted in a natural jiond and left undisturbed for at least two seasons. N. L. hiciihi has large flowers of a rosy-vermilion color with orange stamens. Leaves beautifully mf>ttled with chestnut red. N. Roliinsoni with flowers larger than those of the Laydekeri varieties is <listinct and uni(|ue in color, the yellow ground color is overlaid by a purplish violet-red, deei)ening toward the center of the flower; the stamens form a crown of orange red color. The leaves are dark green, spotted with chestTUit brown. -V. Seigninircti. flowers delicate yellow, shaded with soft rose and carmine, borne on erect stems and stand about six inches above the water. Leaves spotted with chestnut brown. The ALAkr.i.Ac.t:.\ Hvdrids mark the introduction of hyljrid hardy Water Lilies, and include the very best forms. Although other gems have since been introduced, they do not compare with these for general utility; the plants are vigorous and robust, flowers large, very effective in groups and masses in
A'.
L. rosea
ehanginj,''
M.
cilhkla
has
until in
in
all
the good
qualities of
X.
alba candidissima
the
flowers are larger and fragrant, of a dazzling, sparkling whiteness, and pro-
frost.
The stamens
when grown
M. carnca
is
stifl" soil.
every respect, save color, similar to the preceding which deepens toward the base of the petals, sepals rose pink; with a delicate fragrance of vanilla. A' M. cliromatclla has flowers of a lovely canary yellow, with deep yellow stamens, large and handsome, and is imdoubtedly the best yellow hardy Water Lily. Leaves bronzy green, with chocolate red markings. Plant very vigorous, inclined to be bunchy or crowded, and should therefore have plenty of room and be in permanent quarters where it is not likely to be often disturbed. The water should be two or more feet deep. A^ i1/. ro.sxvT has the same vigorous habit as the preceding varieties, the flowers are of the largest size and a beautiful deep rose color, the young foliage
variety.
The
flower
is
is
is
the
Water Lily; large flowers, fine color, and free flowering. A'. M. Hanimca and the following varieties are of recent introduction, and are vet but little known in the United vStates. The flowers of flammea are
best hardy pink
88
bri;j;-ht
HARDY XYMl-H.^AS.
amaranth red, shaded white: the outer petals pink, the color deepentoward the center; stamens deep orange. .V. M. ignea, one of the most striking of recent introductions, has flowers of magenta red and stamens orange red. It is a brilliant flower in the sunshine, and is highly spoken of in England, where it apparently does well. At present it has nt)t proved to l)e a vigorous grower, nor so .satisfactory under cultivation in the United States. .V. M. riihrn punctata has a beautiful flower of moderate size, flowers of deep rosy purple, spotted carmine, with orange stamens. Our native sweet scented Water Lily, is widely distributed, X. udorata. and can be found in many ponds, lakes and slow running streams. Under cultivation, associated with other species, it has been fertilized from them by insects; in this way and also by other means several forms and gradations (some very choice) in size and color have resulted. The best forms are very desirable for their large, pure white flowers and delicious fragrance. The sepals are very often edged with pink, giving the appearance in bud of a pink fl(jwer. A grand Water Lily for naturalizing.
ing.V.
<>.
caroliiiiana.
natural
cross
that
originated
with Dr.
Henry T.
Bahnson, of Salem, N. C. The petals are of a delicate soft pink and the golden stamens reflect a lovely salmon tint. It varies through several shades in color under certain conditions and soils. The flowers are of the largest size. A very choice and select variety, and has proved a great acquisition where it has remained undisturbed for two or three seasons. N. o. excjiiisita has large, rosy carmine flowers, much deeper in color than those of N. o. rosea, and is the darkest colored Lily in this group. Foliage dark red. Moderate grower. A h_vbrid of French origin, and very beautiful. A', o. gigantca, sometimes called the Southern odorata, being common from N. Carolina to Florida, and the only white variety indigenous to this section, differs from N. odorata in being a more vigorous grower. Large, handsome, green foliage, imder side bright red. Root-stock occasionalh' very large and hard. The flowers are large and pure white, somewhat incurving, and lacking the delicious fragrance peculiar to the type. It requires a deeper water than the type to grow it to perfection. ,V. o. maxima. This is entirely different from the type; the flowers are large and cup-shaped; petals broad at the base, and without a tinge of red on either sepals or petals. A most beautiful variety, found in New Jersey. This is probably the same as the variety N. o. superba. (Some doubts exist as to this and the preceding variety belonging to the odorata group). A', u. minor is, as its name implies, small. Leaves only two to five inches across, and flowers two to three. A very pretty plant, and well suited for growing in tubs. It is found true in some sections of New Jersey in shallow water of cold bogs and poor soil. There are other forms of N. o. minor with somewhat cup shaped flowers, and only slightly fragrant.
MUSA ENSETE.
Probably the most noble ol all our subtropical plants, its full beauty and true character can only be seen in large specimen, as here shown. The plant being indigenous to Abyssinia and warm climes, requires protection in winter. The plant shown above is about lo ft. high, with leaves 6 feet long and 2 feet broad, The Giant Elepbant-Ear plants and Eulalias are insignificant under its shadow.
HARDY
iV,
().
NYMl'Il.UAS.
(general
89
n>s;w;u;i.
it
is,
In
habit
and
appearance
^'lowers
resembles
rose,
N.
o.
exquisita;
however,
more vigorous.
bright
lighter
toward the center, the rich yellow stamens producing a soft salmon shade of narrow and pointed, the flower being like a pink star floating among the leaves. A very desirable variety. .V. (>. rosea. The well-known Cape Cod pink Water Lily; is indispensable in any collection. Flowers deep pink and ver)- fragrant. Early and free flowering; its season is somewhat shorter than that of some varieties. It produces seed freely, and t<j prolong the season the dead flowers should be taken off and no seed allowed to ripen, which can be easih' accomplished where only a few plants are grown. In extreme hot weather the flowers are apt to bleach, but in cool sections and districts like Eastern Massachusetts the plants and flowers are to be gr<nvn in ])erfection. No. sulpburat is distinct fr(jm any of this class. The large, handsome yellow flowers stand about six inches above the water; the young leaves are beautifully mottled with chestnut. A free and vigorous plant of French
color; the petals are
origin.
N.
pvgmxn.
This
is
among
is
the
first to
be seen in
sjjring,
and
ccjiitinue a long-
The
left
species
and
out and
produce its dainty white flowers in a four inch pot. When planted undisturbed for two or three seasons the flowers are larger and very pretty, making a beautiful contrast tij the other giant species. It forms no runners or side shoots, and does not spread rapidly.
it
will
truth more of a pygmy than the species; flowers, canary yellow, produced very freely. Especially recommended for cultivation in tubs and at|uaria. Leaves beautifidly mottled with reddish brown, and smaller than in the type.
N.
]).
Ilclvohi.
This
is
ill
hcjwever,
trifle
larger,
The
distinct
it
and
some claim
variety. While it is a very desirable form and highly spoken of in and in Europe generally, it is ver)- scarce, and does not flourish as do others under general cultivation. It has been flowered in the United States, ]>ut is apparently very impatient of removal, the least disturbance causing a check to its growth and stopping its flowering. Another drawljack to its cultivation is its dislike to hot weather; if it was plentiful it would doubtless succeed in ponds where cold springs are a hindrance t<j the successful cultivation of (jther desirable species. It blooms quite early in the season; the flcjwers are rosy carmine, with orange stamens, deepening in color the second and
be a ICngland
to
third days.
jV. tiilicr<js;t (s\'n. reniformis) is a native species of the Western and Northwestern lakes, where it grows in deep water. A strong and njbust plant. Leaves eight to fifteen inches wide; flowers white, four and a half to nine
90
The root-stuck bears numerous inches in diameter; slightly fragrant. This should be excluded spontaneotislv detaching, often compound, tubers.
from small ponds, and should be planted by itself. Flowers white, large and full; petals very numerous, the .V. f. j)lcn;i. stamens being converted into petals, which are fluted in the center of the All N. tuberosa forms should be flower. Plant less v-igorous than the type. grown in deeper water than other types.
A^.
t.
rosea.
A
II.
natural cross
less
Flowers are a lovely pink, standing well vigorous than the type.
I.II.IES
TENDER
W.Arr.R
DAY HL00MIN(;.
is
Xvmplixa
Nile, but
is
This
not a Nelumbium.
The
narrow; sepals greenish white, suffused blue; stamens light yellow, tipped young state, changing to green the A distinct and beautiful species. underside of leaf also green. A pretty Mexican Water Lily of moderate size, three to four A', elegans. Color, white tinged with purplish blue; the stamens yellow, inches over. A charming flower. Leaves long and narrow, deep green, tipped blue. Well adapted for tuli culture, and producing its spotted purplish brown. dainty flowers very early in the season. The well-known Florida yellow Water Lily, and the only known A^. ffava. yellow species. This has been introdticed into man\- States and sections of It is hardy the country, but has not been a success under any kind of culture. jiroduces numerous as far north as New Jersey, a moderate grower, and Its greatest merit consists of its runner-like shoots forming young plants. being undoubtedly one of the parents of Marliac's magnificent yellow hybrids which are now widely known and are many times more desirable for all garden
blue; leaves light green, spotted in the
;
purposes.
A',
ffigantea,
is
odorata gigantea.
all
This
is
probably the
finest,
is a soft satiny ])urplish blue, shading to white at base of the petals; the stamens are silk-like, soft yellow, incurving, unlike the The flower is carried well above the foliage on a stiff any other species. The leaves are green, with purple reverse. stalk, and is of the largest size.
Nymphasas.
The
color
very impatient of removal, re-potting, or transplanting, during It should not be allowed to get pot bound, nor subjected to sudden changes of temperature, which will cause a check and a suspension of active growth. Plants, seedlings, or tubers in their early stages should be grown in a temperature of So to 90; later, a temperature of 75 to 80 will
This species
its
is
early stages.
(See plate facing page 40.) iMexican species of great merit, has large, handsome, starshaped white flowers, which are borne on stout stems well above the foliage.
suit
them.
A' j^Tacilis.
TENDER
XVMI'.EIIAS.
DAY lUJJOMISC.
91
It is wurthy of special ncite as bciiii;' the only white day-blooming tropical or tender sjiecies; a very vigorous plant, free (Imvering, the flower possessing a delicate fi'agrance, resembling Lily of the \'alley. (See plate facing page 24.) This is possililv a form cif X. tlava, which it resembles in A'. iiic.\ic;ui;i.
most respects. The habit is the same, but the runner plants nut infrequently produce flowers during the lirst season. The plant is altogether freer flowering, and the flowers are brighter and deeper in cohir. The plant is the same in hardiness as N. flava.
STII.I.AIK
FORM
CIF
NVMI'ILKA.
Seedling of N. gracilis.
jV.
pukhcrrimn.
it.
\'ery
inches acros.s
ten to twelve with deep yellow stamens tipped blue; the sepals are irregularly striped dark red. Unlike N. zanzibarensis, this
equals
The
variety opens
The leaves are large, and often exceed two feet in diameter, having long tapering lobes and irregularly crenated margin. Garden
species are mostly closed.
92 N. scutifolin
This
is
a beautiful star-
shaped distinct
species.
The
Flowers very fragrant. Leaves variable, green, sometimes with a purplish tint, the underside occasionally bright red, with brownish red markings; margin smooth. Native of Cape of fiood Hope. iV. zanziharcnsis (the Royal Purple Lily). This and its several forms are among those that might be styled everj-body's flowers. They are the simplest to manage, easily raised from seed, will flourish in a tub even if the leaves are high and dry. Tubers and plants are no longer held at an exorbitant price, and they give the greatest amount of pleasure for a trifling cost. Flowers of the true form are of the largest size imder high culture; the sepals and stamens are purple, with red margin; petals intense blue. )ne of the most beautiful and free flowering of all Water Lilies. Highly fragrant. The foliage is dark green, with blotches of reddish brown and bright purple underthe base of the petals.
(
neath.
.V. z. nziircn. Similar to the type, but varying in color from a light to dark blue; sepals never purple; leaves green, with dark markings; the under-
more or
less
with purple.
All the Zanzibar
rosQii.
to pink; leaves
side.
Water
Lilies
accommodating either
or lakes.
Ill
IKNIIKR W.VTER
I.IIJES.
NICHT BLOO.MIXG.
dark
red
the
Nymphiua cnlumhiann.
deep,
rich,
flowered
color
variety
of
medium
N.
size,
six
succeeding day.
Dcaninna.
\evy free flowering, requires room for leaf spread and a depth of water twelve to eighteen inches above the crown of the plant. Hylirid of American origin.
beautiful pink, with darker sepals; stamens red.
plenty of
N. dclkatlxsima. A delicate and choice flower of a distinct and pleasing carmine pink color; the foliage has a bronzy green lustre. The plant is vigorous, yet moderate compared with some others. Desirable for all purposes and has proved one of the best for cutting, and also for winter culture.
N.rJevoniensis. This, one of the oldest, is also one of the choicest nightblooming Water Lilies in cultivation, and is indispensable in any collection of moderate size. Under liberal cultivation a single plant will cover about two hundred square feet of water surface, and produce numerous flowers. One plant has been known to have on it at one time as many as thirty-six flowers and buds in different stages of development. The flowers are large, ten to twelve inches across, of a brilliant rosy red, a most pleasing color by artificial light, and are borne on stems well above the water. The leaves are red chang-
93
first hybrid of note, and was raised at Chatsvvorth, honor of the Duke of Devonshire. A'^ (Icntatn is the largest and best white of this class. It has Ii>ng pointed buds, and flowers of the largest size, opening horizontally, and measuring ten to twelve inches over. The leaves are deep green with serrated edges. Native of Sierra Leone.
The
in
A',
kcwcnsis
is
not generally
in
rate
met with, but it has established itself as a firstany collectinn. The flower is a bcantiful rosy red
neath.
X.
Plant vigorous, with Ijronzy green foliage, purjilish underhybrid of linglish origin.
(syn.
lotus.
is
thermalis).
An
ancient
sjiecies,
indigenous
to
lower
Egypt, and
to Isis
associated with the Egyptian and blue Lotus, lieing held sacred
and was engraved on the ancient coins. The flowers ai'c white with and outer petals flushed iiink, large and incurving; somewhat cupshaped. A strong and vigorous plant, with leaves of deep green, with serrated
sepals
edges.
and has acliie\'ed a grand reputaabove the average of large flowers, attaining a size of from 12 to 15 inches across; it is borne well above the foliage (.>n a stout stalk, and as it opens to the full, the sepal and outer petals droop. The color is a beautiful rosy red with an indescribable glow produced by the rays of the rising sun. The leaves are large and of a dark bronzy red heavily dentated. Under high cultivation it is a robust plant without any appearance of coarseness, and is The largest and best of the red also very free flowering at a very early stage. Nymphseas. Hybrid of American origin. Devoniensis A^. rubra is a beautiful red species, somewhat rcsemliling N. but the sepals are broader at the base and deeper in C(_)lor, the petals being less pointed. The leaves are rounded at the apex and mottled purplish on the
N. 0\\Eir;iiin
is
of recent introduction,
tion.
The
tlower
is
is
similar to Devoniensis.
is
characteristics resembles the preceding, and The flower is much the same, hut is be confused with it. larger, and brighter in color, with longer buds and is more iiointcd.
rulirn-roscn in
general
liable
to
A^.
Smithiann.
if
Water
Lilies deliglit in a
]ii,i;h
temi)era-
one can be grown in a Victoria pond or in a temperature corresponding, the true character and chaste coloring will l)e very greatly The flower is of medium size, perfectly cup-shaped, creamv white developed. with 3'ellow stamens; petals broad and of great substance; the reverse or outer The higher the temperature the deeper side of the petals is delicate pink. and brighter the color. American hybrid. A superb variety, with large bright rosy red flowers of A'. Sturtcvnnti. massive proportions, petals broad and the flowers more cup-shaped. Reciuires a high temperature to develop its true character. Plants sluuild l)e started early, as they do not flower until well develojK'd. A magnificent Water Lilv
ture,
and
this
94
THE VICTORlA.-SELVMBirMS.
to
bring
it
to perfection.
American hybrid.
THK. V1CT0RI.\
Victoria re<^in.
This
is
water plants.
It
inhabits
the tranquil bays and lakes of the great streams of South America, and details
of its discover)' will be
the leaves
vertical
grow
to
from
53.
The plant is of
six to
gigantic proportions,
with a
The
The
opening day, changing on the second day to rosy pink. r. rcj^ia var. iJciWf/// was discovered and introduced by Edward S. Rand, Jr., of Para, Brazil, and it differs from the original in several particulars. The whole plant is more robust; the young leaves are of a darker bronz\' color; the vertical rim on well-grown plants is five to six inches high, giving the plant a striking and novel appearance. Leaves are produced six to seven feet in diameter. The flowers of this variety are white on the first day, changing on the second day to a dec]') crimson.
white on the
Victoria
rc^ia.
Trickcr's
variety.
A new
named
distinct
Victoria with
welldiffer-
marked
characteristics ])rovisionally
may
be
Amung
peculiarities are:
first
the
quite small
grown leaves are large, of a lustrous bright green color, and from si.x to eight inches deep. The flowers are also produced much earlier than on the other \'ictorias, and are larger, measuring from fifteen to eighteen inches over, they are white on opening changing to a lively rose pink on the second day. The sepals in this variety are smooth, whereas the others are spinous to the lips, another striking characteristic is that it can be successfully grown in a much lower temperature than is usually advised for other Victorias. The seed will also germinate in a lower temperature, in fact the plant does remarkably well treated precisely the same as the tropical Nyniph;eas.
the rim
is
Eurvalc fernx was the noblest aquatic in cultivation prior to the introduction of the \'ictoria, its large circular leaves are
from two
ameter, with prominent spiny veins on the rich purple underside, the upperside being olive green, puckered and spin3^ Flower small and insignificant, of a
deep
violet blue.
V.
NELUMBIUMS
Nelumhium album grancUHoruni A magnificent large white Lotus, its pure white flowers tower above the handsome foliage and contrast conspicuously against the carmine pink of other Nelumbiums. (iiven the same soil as
in a
warm
removed
too fre-
NHLUMBIUMS.
A',
95
a. struitinii.
it
rusy i-armine;
is
large and bold rtowcr; petals white, tipped and striped xignrous and rdnist \-ariety, and flowers very freely a
well
under
.V.
liberal eulture.
hitcum.
The
known American
L(.itus
stiff
fir
Water
soils,
Chincjiiapin has
deep
as in
Nympluea ehrumatella.
shuukl receive
it is
elayey
artiheial cunditions
Where
estaldished in
ruscuin.
in
The
cultivation,
furni they
others.
Deep
;
rose pink.
N. speciosa.
of robust
Sbicoman.
Japanese Lotus
recent introduction
growth,
The
feet high;
marvel of nature's production; as free flowering as any single form and deserving of the best and most liberal cultivation. iV, spcciosum. The world famed Egyj.itian Lotus now so well known throughout the United States, and as hardy and as easily grown as the native Water Lil}', except, perhaps, in extreme northern sections. The flowers are rose pink, cream}- white at the base of the petals, but on first opening the flowers, or rather the buds, are a lovely shadeof deep rose pink; the flowers are not fully expanded till the sec<jnd day, when they are in their best form. Nelumbiums like Xymph;eas are three-day flowers, but unlike Nyrnpha-as they only partially close at night. .See plate facing page 56. A'. Kcniicsinniini. A Japanese plant of great merit; the flowers are of a beautiful carmine rose color and satiny texture, of large size. Vigorous, free and early. flowering, A'. Scihnkurcn. A pygmy among Nelumliiums, has leaves six to eight across, on stalks about one foot in lengih. inches The flower is pure white, li->ng pointed bud resembling a large tulip. the Can be grown in a small tub standing in water. or large pot
CHAPTER
I.
XV.
dnccd freely
Araliii
Pond Weed). Flowers white, fragrant; probe recommended for winter flowering.
jjnpvrifcrn.
(syn.
Fatsia papyrifera).
plant.
delights
half-shady
native of the
nhcnii-
L'
m b rclla
desirable
(irass).
or
submerged
C.
n.
in
water,
Aponosetdn
Jist.ichyon.
\;in'cj^-;ittis.
i^T/ic/Z/s.
A
An
distinct.
ornamental species, with long Pandanus-like foliage. Papyrus antiquorum). The ancient Egyptian paper plant. It grows in marshy places, and on the banks of rivers, and is indispensable in the water garden. C piingciis. vSimilar to C. alternifolius, but is a deep green in color; grows taller, and is much stilifer.
C.
nntak'nsis.
C.
papyrus,
(syn.
TEXDHR AOTATICS.
luclmniin
nziiicn.
(
97
This species
is
rampant
c.
s^Tuwer in
major,
forming rosettes which ccjntains numerous air cells; flowers soft rosy lilac. Advisable not to plant where it will not be winter-killed, as it will block navigable streams, and be a source of much tr(juble and expense to eradicate.
E. crassipcs mnjoi:
(Water Hyacinth).
floating plant
Ilcdvcbiiim
curonnrium.
((iarland
flower).
An
exceedinglv ornamental
two
Jussixa loniiifiilin. A very attractive and desirable aquatic jjlant, .growing ti) three feet high erect and slightly droojjing at the p:.)ints. Flowers
;
Villarsia
Commonly known
as
Water
.Snowflake.
borne on the
Litiiniich.iris Iluinhnhlli.
(The
Water Poppy). Flowers are beautiful clear yellow with black stamens;
cpiires
leaves oval,
iloating;
re-
shallow water.
L. I'lumicri.
This
is
an erect
feet
Flowers straw
elliptical,
leaves
light
green.
Manintn
an
aquatic,
sul)tropical
zc}}riii:i.
it
While not
as a
is
valuable
its
plant;
is
handsome
deep
Limnocharis HumbolJti.
green foliage
leaf dull
Ijarred with
Miisii ensctc.
of
all
(.)ur
three to ten feet high, leaves two to six feet long and two feet broad, midrib
bright red.
Indispensable from the water garden, its broad magnilieent foliage adding a tropical effect quite in harmony with the tropical Xymph;eas and Victoria. See plate facing page SS.
Mvri(ijjli\
Ihmi /iniscr/ilmicuirlcs.
(Parrot's Feather).
graceful half-hardy
aquatic, with
plant,
Makes
a beautiful
hanging basket
and
unerjualed.
98
I'isti.-i
HARDY AorATICS.
stmtinies.
(Water Lettuce).
fluatinj;'
plant;
leaves
wedgefine
Delights
in
falcata).
strong grower;
and,
unlike
the
never sagittate; the scape three to five feet high, and covered with large, pure white flowers. ((iiant Arrowhead). Truly, a (liant Arrowhead; S. muntevidicnsh. flower leaves fifteen inches long on tapering stalks four to five feet high
familiar species,
more
mmmw^i
M\rioph\
lluir.
proserpinacoiJes.
The flowers are pure white, scape massive and taller than the leaf stalk. blotch at the base of each petal. with a dark A sub-aquatic plant; very ornamental as a subtropical Thalin dealhata.
subject; leaves ovate on long petioles; flowers purplish, small.
II.
HARDY.
Flag.
like
.4conis calumny.
.1.
i^ramincii^
variegatiis.
diminutive form
summer, and
is
HARDY MHATICS.
.1.
99
I'ulia-c
i;iiii>nicus
it
v:iricL;;ilu>.
beautifully
striped white;
grows well
in
dry nr mnist
plants in cultivation.
Alismn nntans.
iius
jiL-inin^i}.
(\\"ater Plantain).
Flowers delicate pale rose color; scape branched; branches whorled, compound.
Asclcpius inc-truntn.
fiesli
Flciwers
umbels numeruus; stems erect; height tW" feet. ^V beautiful and etf'ective plani on the banks nf jiduds, etc. Leaves pelBr.-iscni;i jich:it:i. tate, one to four inches across;
])ink
;
ing Rush).
ver\'
Arum
rc-
American
Calla).
l-'lower
(Marsli Mari\'e]l(i\v
gold).
in
F'ldwers liright
early
spring; very
showy and
attrac-
tive.
C. imhiatris fioiv-plcno. to
te~T^^
Similar
the
the
preceding,
save that
flowers
llowers are
perfectly
donl)le
double, re(jf
semfiling the
niosclicutns.
(Swamp
Rose Mallow).
to six feet
most desirable
inches
Iris
in
diameter, rose-colored or
K.l'mpferi.
Iris K.-finii/'cri.
(Japanese
Iris).
Indispensable plants
of
in the
water-garden.
are
the margin
the
pond,
or
where they
ILXRIiY A(.>i:\T!CS.
occasionally
subniei",L;e(.l. Flowers measure from ten to twelve inches in diameter, and present the greatest variety of color, from pure white to the
many
and
,L;old
mixed.
Iri^ pciid()-aci>rits.
The yellow
loni;'.
Iris of
Juncus
ci>tiL;linncratis lol.
variety of the
common Rush,
with
Limnautheniiim lacunosttm.
(Floating Heart).
morate
L.
foliage,
much
like a
iivmplixoidcs.
liable to
Leaves N\-mpha;a-like flowers golden Seeds very freely, and where it is not winterbecome a pest as it is of such vigorous growth.
(Villarsia).
Flowers white, resembling those of the Horse Mcnyanthta iriluliata. Chestnut: very free growing.
Myosotis
paltistris scmpcr/lorcns.
a</iiaticiiiii
.
Onnitium
spring.
(dolden Club).
very attractive
and
pretty
plant with beautiful velvety green leaves, and a curious yellow spadi.x early in
I'chandra
\lri:inua.
white spadi.K.
I'oiitcdcn'a cordata.
and
Weed). producing
growing
(The Comsimilar
to
mon
Arrowhead).
S.
Flowers white.
japoiiica
fl. ;>l.
Very
our native species, Init producing numerous spikes of large, jMire white, double
flowers.
Scirjius /[(jIoscIkl'iius varicg'atus.
with stems twelve to eighteen inches high alternately banded with green and white.
;
Siberian
Rush,
5>.
taheriixniuiitaiia
var.
zcliriaa.
(Japanese Porcupine Plant). A very ornamental rush, growing three to four feet high; delicate green, barred alternately with white.
Sagittaria.
Typha
latifolia.
(The
Common
Cat's Tail).
in the
Zizania arjuatica.
(Wild Rice).
AnlATICS
water
liii^h.
I'OK AnrARIA.
SHALLaW
U'ATI-R, HTC.
loi
j^'arden.
Its
To
be yrown
III.
fall.
^ri, ANTS
AIJUARIA,
SHALLOW WATER,
K IC.
Azdlht
c:iniliiii;inn.
lints in full
.1.
(Floating Moss). Color deep yreen, reddish or sun; resembles a Selayinella or AIoss.
vSimilar to the
s(.ion
autumn
tilicuUiidcs.
brighter,
preceding, but a stronger grower; color covering the surface of the water.
viridifolia).
Cnlionihn cnroliniinui.
(syn.
C
C.
of the
most
is
illustration.
Similar to
the leaves
(irass).
See
descriptii.ai,
page
96.
Cabomba.
Small leaved dwarf ). See description, page 96. X'ariegated ). See description, page qCi. C^Iitrichc vcnm. (AVater ,Star-wort). Leaves light green submerged plant. (Water \'iolet). A submerged fern-like plant, with Hottonia pnlu^tris. showy white flowers. Ilvdn/vlian's iii(irsiis-raii:c. (Frog-bit). Floating jjlant with light green cordate leaves, and fine silky roots.
.,
C. a. f^rncilis.
'^^^i. van'cL;ritus.
Limnuhium
Liidwlizia
spoiiffia.
(American Frog-bit).
and
for aquaria;
grows
also
(Water Purslane). As a submerged plant is valuable when partly submerged; leaves dark green, reddish
underneath;
.Similar to L. palustris; leaves larger, dark glossv green, red underneath one of the best oxygenators for the aquarium.
L. Mukrttii.
;
I02
SHALLDW WATER,
.Milfnil).
ETC.
plant; leaves
(Water
Submerged
;
green, crowded, often whorletl and pinnatirtd. Leaves very finely pinnate, dark green stems red. .1/. virticillntinn Nrmplnvn i>vL;iiufa, white; N. p. HelvoLn, yellow; N. Laydekeri ro^cn. red. See descriptions, pages 87, S9. These Water Lilies are well adapted for large acjuaria, and will produce their lovely flowers when growing in pots, four and five inches in diameter.
(Water Lettuce). Leaves two to live inches long, Pistia stratiotc^. forming a rosette of light green velvety foliage. Submerged plant: leaves l)ronzy Potamogetoii crispus. (Pond Weed). Common in streams and stagnant water. green, crisped, wavy.
Slr-iuult'S ahiides.
Leaves broadly linear; flowers white; often profusely. Unlike the well-known Arrowhead the leaves here are strapshaped and submerged, but in shallow water the plant produces floating
Sagitiaria i;Taminca.
S. natatis.
leaves,
Salvinia hraziliensis.
leaves soft
dark green
(Water Aloe or Water Soldier). A submerged plant; Pandanus. Ribbon-like grass, six inches to. Valli.^ncria spiralis. (Tape or Eel Grass). three feet long; a submerged plant, and desirable for the aquarium.
Stratiotcs aloides.
sj^iny foliage, similar to that of a
CHAPTER
Anindn
g-arden.
A.
in
(I.
XVI.
ti>
to fifteen feet,
tor the
water
i>r
Ijol;'
See illustration,
v;iricL;-:tt;i.
79.
A
A
varie,L;'ated
form
of the above,
any
ijosition.
Bnnilmsii mircn.
distinct
and beautiful
species, attainin;^
twelve feet m heii^ht; stems ui'olden yellow color, with liL;'iit i;'reen foliaye. This has pro\-ed quite hardy in Southern Xew lerse\-, where the canes ha\"e remained evergreen during;' the winter, followed b_v new qrowtli in the sprini;';
the canes attaining' a richness of color not to be seen the
B. Mctukc.
ji'reen folia.^'e
:
first
season.
\ handsome
fine for mar^'in
B.
ni^rn.
Another handsome
graceful foliage of a
B. Quilioi.
popular plant moderate heii^iit. having glossy black stems, with pleasing light green color; one of the most distinct.
water.
species,
its fcjliage its
is
The
mt>st distinct of
anv Bamboo;
glaucous
I)lue;
deep green
attractive. B.
foliage,
vimiiuilis.
A
A
foliage;
makes
compact
liush.
B. violasccns.
handsome and
stems, attaining seven to eight feet in height, clothed with graceful foliage.
B. virklc /^Ifniccscens. A vigorous growing" species, very graceful and ornamental; yellow stems; glaucous green foliage, resembling B. aurea. Erianthus Rnvcnnfu. A Strong growing ornamental grass, resembling the Pampas grass, having bronzy foliage and purplish plumes; nine to twelve feet high.
well-known
E. japonica, with
A very ornamental grass, not so tall as the narrow leaves, long and graceful, with a distinct
silverv midrib.
104
E. japonica varic<;-ata.
This variety
is
similar in
leaf;
growth
(Zebra-striped Grass).
the long, graceful leaves having bars of yellow running crosswise, not longi-
^MM
grows from
(Pampas Gvnernim argentcum. Grass). One of the most effective its silvery of ornamental Grasses on stems eight plumes are produced
;
Established plants
the open ground
if
can
remain
in
It
is
protected.
in
Panicitm virgatum.
large
tufts
A tine,
stately
with
many
panicles
of
small flowers.
Plialaris
ariuulinacca
varicgata.
dis-
tinctly
white-striped
leaf;
two
tn
Grass).
magna. Annual.
(Bristly Foxtail
Inflorescence
I'nlf>la latitnlla.
One
three to
flat
PITCHER
PI..\XTS
OR
SI DT.-S.A
DI ILE
FLOWERS.
in cool
DailingKinia calitornka.
flue
bog
plant,
found
springy places
in
California, with peculiar shaped pitchers and nodding purple flowers. Dionwa muscipnla. (Venus' Fly Trap). A curious plant, allied to Drosera, having a number of prostrate leaves furnished at the edge with a thick row of liristle-like hairs; while in the center of each, are three short hairs, which, when touched, cause the leaves to fold up, entrapping the insect, which soon
assumes its normal position. Drusera Uliformis. (Thread-leaved Sundew). A most curious and interestIt is covered ing plant from its peculiar arrangement for catching insects.
dies;
when
ORCHIDS
throughout with fine red hairs that are covered with a dew. .Should be planted in <;roups in a moist place.
Snrrnccnin Driinimoiiill. Large
erect pitchers or leaves;
ylisteniiiL;-
'05
drop, h"ke
twn
feet
Yellowish green
having
at the
throat, with
pshtncitui.
Pitcher Plant).
S.
piirjjiircu.
A
broad
prostrate
species,
having
lid
winged
veined
stalk
and
striped
flowers,
Dion.ta musL'ipul.i.
(Venus'
Fl\ Trjp.)
crimson;
large purple
nodding on a
a fcjot high;
full
sunshine or
rulirn.
slender,
I^eaves ten to eighteen inches long, with pur|)le veins; reddish jnirple flowers.
S. vnriolaris.
Leaves trumpet-shaped
six
to
twelve
inches high, spotted with white near the yellowish apex, reticulated with purple veins within; yellow flowers.
With exception
of
of S. purpurea,
all
Carolina States,
or
and and
winter,
may
be grown
soil,
delight in
in pots,
Sarracenia.
boggy
live
They
r(_iwn
)ne of the most beautiful of our native Orchids, and Calopogon piilchcUus. most desirable for the water garden leaf linear; .scape about one foot high; two to six flowers; flower one inch broad, pink-purple; lip beautifully bearded toward the summit with white, yellow, and purple hairs.
( ;
ic6
ORCHIDS.
Cnlvpso horealia. A small showy flower, the solid bulb producino- a single heart-shaped leaf scape three to five inches high, bearing- a large and showy
;
and yellow. Leaves broadly Cvj>npedium puhescena. (Large Yell(nv Lady's-slipper). and one half to two inches long, pale yellow. ovate; stem two feet high; lip one (Showy Lady's-sljpper). Leaves ovate; stem two feet high C. spectahile. one and one-half inches long, much inflated; white, pink-purple. The liji most beautiful of the hardy No genus of Cypripedinms.
flower, variegated purple, pink,
;
distri(
)ur
they
are deserving of
cultivation,
more general
and no better place can be found than the water garden, the natural or wild garden adjacent. They delight
in a moist, peaty, or
boggy
soil,
and
partial shade.
Hn hcnn tin
hlcj)harigk> 1 1 is
an irregular capillary fringe. Hciliaris. (Yellow Fringed Orchid). Stem one and one-half to two feet high; leaves oblong
or
lanceolate;
spike
oblong,
with
numerous
flowers,
which
;
yellow
lip
our
most
handsome
(
psycodes.
Fringed
Orchid).
p1e very
handsome and fragrant Orchid; one crowded in a spike four to ten inches in
Spinwthcs cennwi.
to five inches long;
to
three
feet
length.
(Ladies' Tresses).
or less
more
and beautiful white and twenty inches high spike two spirally twisted: flowers in September and
delicate
to
;
October.
CHAPTER
TIllC
I'RlNCiF^
i)f
tliL-
XVII.
As
cmlielwill
grow, Ferns
partial
<
pond where
shade
Ijy
c_)ther
welcome and
do love
nay,
demand
is
place for their reception, then, care should he taken that the
be so drained
that while the Ferns can have plenty of the moisture they need, there shall be
roots.
in
As
leaf
to
soil, all
If
the
soil
is
"made"
following
mold,
most Ferns
in
the
list will
grow
well in almost
any garden
Ferns love shade as much as thev do moisture, and while there are
several species that will
grow
in
in
green appearance,
much
woods
or half shade.
The
fall.
is
(.Generally,
The majority
if
of Ferns
produce
in
spring a set
new ones
being produced.
not, they
all
cared
for, for a
may be taken up carefully at other seasons. summer may generally be transplanted at any few days, will begin again to produce new fronds.
io8
FI:K'.\S
SI/TAULI; for
Till-
AOFATIC CARDHN.
roots,
but
if
the
soil,
grow
each year.
In winter the species
enumerated
will
li''lit co\-erin<'"
of leaves.
AJiantum ped:itum.
Aflmntum jicd-num.
(Maiden Hair).
all
]'>ight
inches t"
leaf
two
in
feet
high.
(Imws from
mold
a creeping
summer.
Rich
damp
shade.
Found
in
hillsides.
fi:h:\s
As/ilciiiimi
I'^i'niuls
sriTMU.i: /'ok
riii:
.\nr.\ric
).
(,.\i<i>i:x.
,o<)
;icr'>slicliiililvs.
(Silvcf)- Sl>lL'CIl\Viirt
in a cirelc
)lK'
In
tWn
fcL't
lli.^h.
Rich woods
in leaf nioKl.
.1.
;ii!L;ustiluliiiin.
NaiTow-leaved Splecnwort ).
tliin,
<
I'innate;
In
fionds very
the
fertile
shade only.
l""ound
in
damp
fei'n).
rich
I'n.mds in a circle in
early
snmmer.
,1.
tilix-frciuinn.
(T.ady
Si.\
pinnatitid.
summer.
Prefers
rich
open
inches to five feet. Twice pinnate; firows in chimps sendin;^' n\i fronds in woods, but thrives in damp places in
sunlight.
(Fragile liladder Fern), l-'rondsin clumps five to twelve Twice or thrice pinnate. Fronds fra;;ile, produced during spring and early sumnn'r. I)amp soil in rich earth, will stand some sun. DicksDiiia puiictiliiliulu. Flay-scented Fern, Mountain Fern, Sweet I-'ern). Two to three feet long, from slender rootstoeks that creep extensively. Fronds
Cvsiii/)tcris fniixili^.
liiL^li.
inches
tri-pinnatifid,
sweet-scented
when
crushed.
(rrows well
in leaf
in
upland rocky
()iic to
Drvii/itcn's acrastichoidcs.
(Christmas Fern).
two and
Fronds
Fronds
<
thick,
produced
In
from
a short
thick root
)nce pinnate.
damp shade
(
nearly any
soil.
crisi;it;i.
spring
fi'oni a
F'ronds in circles.
\\"\\\
almost an\'
delicate.
soil.
Nearly
(Xew
in
Yi
u'k I'ern
).
Thin and
high.
when crushed.
/*.
summer.
aii(l tlll:a;iL:i.
and
its
varieties iulcnncdin
(Spinulose or Bristiv
shcjrt,
Shield I'eni).
rootstock.
In circular
crowns from a
erect
Fronds produced in spring; about thrice jjinnate, the pinnules tip]ied with bristles. Rich woodlands. Nearly evergreen. I'xiiitlii. Resembles the preceding. I). (Lady F'ern. j\Iarsh Shield Fern). One to three feet high. D. Tliclypteris. Bi-pinnatifid, produced from running root.stoeks nearl}^ all summer. Gi^ows in
no
sun or shade
peaty
soil
or leaf mold.
borders of streams. Lvgodium pnlmututn. (Climliing Fern ). Three to six feet long. Pinna (irows in swamps near the Atlantic seaboard, roundish, five to seven lobed. Rootstock slender, creeping. twining- about the bushes, usually in half shade. Fern). Sterile fronds one to three feet high. (Sensitive Onnclea scn^ihilis.
Broadly triangular, ovate, nearly pinnate. Fertile fronds produced late in the Both kinds of fronds season, the divisions rolled up into berry-like objects. Will grow in any the sterile produced all summer. from a creeping rootstock, natural home being the borders of streams, sw.amps, soil, in Sim or shade, its and wet v^'oodlands. )urtallest Fern, one to ten feet high, in (). Stnitliioptcris. (( )strich Fern). Sterile fronds twice pinnatifid, oblanceoa crown of twenty or more fronds.
(
late in outline.
up much
soil
as in
scnaihilis.
I-Janks of
all
in
sandy
or leaf mold.
ends of long runners. Clayton's Fern). (Interrupted Flowering Fern. Onmiindn CL-ivtoiiintui. One to four feet high. Bi-pinnatifid. Fronds in crown of si.K to twelve, from Fertile fronds, have part of the middle a very thick rootstock in early spring. Found in swamps and pastures. of the frond turned to spore-bearing organs.
least.
Spreads by
soil.
(Cinnamon Fern). One to five feet high. Fronds in large tinnamomca. crowns in early spring from an exceedingly heavy rootstock; bi-])innatifid. Fertile fronds produced in early spring, from the midst of the sterile, i>ut unlike them are short, thick, club-.shaped, the green portion changed to myriads Will stand sun or of little spore cases, of a bright brown color when ripe. (irows naturally in swamps, pastures, and low shade, if the soil is wet.
grounds.
O.
rcL;:ilis.
Will grow
in
One to six feet high. Flowering Fern). Fronds in circular clumps from orbicular. Fruiting panicle at the end of the fronds. stout, erect rootstock. sun or shade. Its natural habitat is swamps and wet woodlands,
(Royal
Fern.
where
ations.
it is
grow
Fronds
Three to twelve inches high. Frond I'hcgoptcrk Drvoptcrh. (Oak Fern), Rootteruate (like three Ferns in one), the division stalked and bi-pinnate. Mcjist rich places in shade stock creeping and producing fronds all summer.
only.
P.
Phcffoptcn'^.
(Beech Fern).
Three
to
ten
inches high.
Fronds
triangular,
Rootstock running; fronds all summer. Damp woods, usually in stony soil in rich earth. Does not endure the sun. (Bracken, Brake, Eagle Fern). One to six feet high; Pteris aquilina.
nearly twice pinnate.
i-i:rxs
smwiiLH
c,.\i<iii:s.
Grows from a long, slender, running rootstock deep in the earth; fronds during early summer. Nearly any soil except clay; will endure full sunlight and dry soil, liut is best in damp shade. Comninn throughout the
World.
\\'(iii(hv:inli:i ;irciihU;i.
(Chain
Ferr,).
)ne to
two
feet high.
Fronds
of
and produced earlier. Prefers salt water marshes and is found in America, mostly along the Atlantic seaboard. W. virginica. (Chain Fern). Two to four feet high. Nearly twice pinnate. Rootstock thick, creeping; fronds produced in early summer. Prefers a peaty soil in half shade. Grows naturally in bogs in Eastern North America.
The
its
IlDtrychiuiiis
nr
Grape Ferns,
B. yirginiumitn
and
li.
tcnuitiim
\\\\.h
varieties,
They have
part of the
if
ternate,
frond.
much divided fronds, and bear spores in a transformed They are natives of dark, damp woodlands, and will thrive
in
^iven the
same surroundings
CHAPTER
SUl lAIU.K 1-OR MAK<'.INS Of
Acliillcn lllificnihihi.
XVIil.
MOISf CKOl'NDS.
viijorous
showy
in
dense
llat
\ery
in
lavender-blue (lowers in
broad clnsters.
Arisxma
tn'iilivlluni.
(Jack-in-the-Pul])it).
An
aroid,
twelve to
eii;liteen
Spathe green, or often variegated inches high, with a turnip-shaped eorni. with dark purple and whitish stripes or spots, and much hooded at the summit.
An
interesting and
showy
plant.
Armcrin
m.-iritini/i.
(Sea Pink).
pretty
species,
jiroducing
v;ir.
from a
crowded
tuft of leaves
Compact umbels of brilliant orange showy and effective in masses. Forms a compact bushy ])lant with numerous violetAster ohloni^ifolin:^. Good for the wild garden. purple flowers with yellow centers. (.American Senna). A plant growing fn^mi three to distiin m.-iriliindic-i.
.Isc/tyi/.ws n;/)t(os.-/.
Weed).
bright yellow
light
flowers in
foliage
is
aliundant a.xiliary
clusters
The
beautiful pinnate
green
of
very pleasing.
I):i\i(linnn.
Clcni;itis
large axillary
is
clusters
erect in habit.
(Upright \'irgin's Bower). An erect species, two to four feet, C. cicctit. with ilense panicles of small white flowers in early summer.
An erect species, one to two feet high, witli blue, \-ery nodding flowers, one to two inches across. A showy erect species, similar to Clematis Uavidiana, but C. luherosa. with dark purple flowers in summer. This beautiful plant Ijlooms in late summer, Dcsiiiodium pciululitiorum. producing large clusters of reddish-purple, pea-like flowers.
C.
intc}^rifolia.
fragrant, solitary
UAKDY
I>icciitr;i c\inii;i.
l'!:h'!:.\.\l.\I.
I'l.AXrS.
{I'liiiiiy l-jleedilli;
Heart).
iMeenies,
Leaves as
^raeel'iil as
those
mI'
a fern; llowei's
ri)se-ciili>r,
in
i^raeefnl
l'"i:i"
beauty nf
!>.
fnlia;^e
and
(
its
ennstanl
hlooniin.L;'
4ualities,
une
ul'
the ehuieesl of
jK'rennials.
sjifct;iliills.
known
raeemes of
and
sil\'erv white.
Diironicuui
cxcclsiim.
hardy
diameter.
fall;
Needs
i^chin:iL-c;i :ini;iislilnliH.
iu
sumniei'and
(jf
eighteen
ni;icr:iinliuin.
'Jdie
in
spring.
handsomest
very Ijeautiful species from Jalian; pure white (lowers of the yenus and one (.)f the earliest S])rini.;-
llowers.
Hrvn^iimi
:ilinnnni.
very pretty
])lant,
tdy
and AuL;ust.
/:.
Height two
feet.
viicaulolhuu.
in
folia.^e
summer; two
si.\
I^rvlhroniiini ;i!ncric;irnrni.
(i)o^'s
Tooth
X'iolct).
scape
to ei^lit
inches
hi^h; lca\'es
mottled
wiiitc
purplish.
I-Jii/i;Ui>iiiiiii
.ii;vr;n<nilcs.
A
to
fine
species,
llowers
in
midsummei".
Two
three feet.
(Flowoi-
erini;-
Spuri^r).
t.ill
lu-anchini;
iiu'ohicres.
fine
to
<
lor
from
Inly
)ctol)cr.
Two
lo three feet.
I'iinki:i
siilic<inl,-U;r
(White
I>ilydike
ri,,ntain Lil\).
Lar.-e.
77;os.
//oi,.i,.,"
)ne of the
very
best;
foliai^e
])urL'
beantiftdly
banded;
teml)ei'.
Funkia.
with
white
autl
('cnti:iii;i
.\n(lic\v<ii.
(Closed
In Flowers of a fine blue, an inch h'ui;', appearinL; in late autmnn. any good garden soil, especially sandy and moist, this attractive and native species improves greatly under cultivation.
(lentian).
114
(niiioln
niirca.
II.XRKV I'HREXSI.M.
I'LAXTS.
prett\\
(Hedye Hyssop).
It
but treated as
an aquatic
it
does
still
better.
dillcniii trllblintn.
(Bowman's Root).
The
cut foliage and slender panicles of white flowers, sometimes tinged with rose.
The branches
Two
to three feet.
most beautiful hardy perennial and forms a abundant small white flowers. ^lidsimimer to early autumn. Two to three feet. \'erv graceful. llcliaiithiis Maxiiniliaiii. A large growing, free-flowering species which remains in bloom until late in autumn, and is not injured by ordinary frosts. Should be placed where it can have abtmdaut room. vSix to eight feet. (iJowny Sunflower). //. mollis. A downy white-leaved sort from 'i'ennessee, with large heads of deep yellow flowers. Two to three feet. (Graceful Sunflower). Flowers three to four inches diam//. or<,'r.-i//s. eter, produced in great abundance. T>eaves long and narrow and very smooth. The habit of this species is erect and very graceful. Si.x. to ten feet. A new Japanese variety of vigorous habit llcnicrocallis atirantiaca major. and free blooming. The large trumpet-shaped flowers are of a deep orange
mass, as broad as
of thread-like stems, with
color, the best of all the
//.
Day
Lilies.
Ihimorticn.
(Day
Lily).
rich yellow,
flava.
One
in
everv garden,
feet high.
II.
Kwanso
varicL;ala.
lias
in
broad,
beautifully
variegated
foliage;
very
bloom.
feet.
rolnist species,
Three to five ((ireat St. John's Wort). with flowers two to three inches across, which aiwenr
fine for borders.
in
sum-
versicolor.
(Blue Flag).
Lohclia canlinalis.
(Cardinal Flower).
One
of
hardv plants, of easy culture in any moist soil. (Irows in similar situations with the (Great Blue Lobelia). L. s\i)hilitica. It has larger flowers than above, and, like that, is well worth cultivating. cardinalis, of a clear blue color of varying .shades. Flowers bright orange, with dark purple spots; fine for Liliiim siipcrhum. naturalizing in moist spots or planting among low growing shrubs.
II.XKDY
Lisini;iclii;i cktliidiilc^.
l'i;h'i:.\.\'l.\L
I'l.AXTS.
A
(
fine
liardv plant
in
frimi
(
summer.
^'rowinj;'
\'irL;inian
Cnwslip.
chisters
Blue-liells).
)ne of the
most
the
S|.irinf;-
llowers,
leaves
bluish
.L;'reen
loni;'
droojiiu.i;"
blue
flowers;
llower bnds
are a delieate
shade
of
pink
no
Pn rila n
(
t li
lis
c b in c n s is
I'dackberry Lilv).
Irisdike
foliage;
llowei's,
orange
S])otted
colored
with crim-
son.
The
cluster of
seeds
is
when
the capsule
opens
resemblance is so perfect that l.)irds and insects are deceived by it. China, three
to four feet.
J'lilnniis
tiilierosa.
(Jerusalem
and vigorous plant, with dense whorls of purple flowers. Three to Hve feet.
Sa.i;e).
A tall
Phvtiostci;'in
1
viri^inicn.
X'irginia
)ragon-hcad
).
Numerous
one-sided
all
sum-
mer.
Oaisy).
Three
to four feet.
iihi^iiinsmii
fall
I'vrciJiniiu
((liant
yrand
feet
growing
five
iMght to twelve inches; neat foliage Rlicxia viri;inic:i. with l)road, rosy purple petals, against which the very large, bright yellow stamens show in strong contrast. A lieautiful and remarkable plant.
IJeanty).
(Meadow
Salvia [latciis
S.
About two
feet.
I'itchcri.
ver)' large
showy
species, with
large dee|)
blue tlowers.
Four
all
to five feet.
Silphitim
tall
These intcL;rifnliiiiii^ iMitire Leaved Compass Plant). and coarse growing, with yellow .Sunflower-like blossoms.
(
jjlants are
Fine for
ii6
S. I;iciiii;ilinir
IIAKIiY I'l-REXXIAL
I'LAXTS.
f()li;ii;c,
(Compass
all.
Plant).
H: IS vcr_v laryc
prettily
cut.
(Cup I'lant). The large opposite leaves unite around the S. pcrliili.-itiini. Western U. S. square stem, forming a cavity or cup; large yellow flowers. Five to seven feet. Producing in summer long feathery (Goat's Beard). SpiriL'n ;ininciis. panicles of innumerable white flowers, forming a graceful, gigantic plume.
Three
>S'.
to five feet
tilipcndiihi.
11.
/il.
Numerfoli-
ous corymbs of
age.
double white
S. k;iintscli:nic;i i)i\i;ii;;intc;i.
gig-antic
species,
with large
flowers and
across;
panicles of
vine-like
white
in
foliage a foot
succeeds well
jiartial
S.
shade.
liil>;U;i.
showy, red very fragflowering rant, growing four to Ave feet. Ja])au; one of S. pnlnint.-i. the most beautiful hardy plants in cultivation. The deep i)urplered of the stems and branches, passing into the crimson-purple Splr.i-.i of tlie broad cor\'ml)Sof flowers, will be found to c<intrast most extpiisitelv with the foliage, which assumes l)eautiful tints of brown and gold. with eU.-ganlly cut .\ species from South l'>urope, Thuliciniiii i;l:iiuiini. grayish foliage and large panicles of bright yellow flowers in June and July. Three to four feet.
species;
p.iliii.it.t.
T. i>uri>urcuin.
.\
tall,
suitable
for
line, large,
handsome
leaves.
Three
like
to five feel.
77;crmo/)s/s cnnilinl.ui.i.
A
<
showy native
i)lant,
yellow flowers
in
summer.
)ne of our best native si)ring flowering plants, TriUium griuidHlorum. (irowth ten inches high, with a single pure white flower three inches across. (European Globe Flower). A jiretty plant, with large, Trollitia eurojKciis. lemon-colored. Buttercup-like flowers, one to one and one-half inches across,
IIAk'!)]
/'/;A7;.V.\7.1/.
/7..1.V7S.
1,7
T. j:il,<,nicu~~.
(Japan
(lluljc
FIuwlt).
Similar to
llic
lart^c
Trillium.
Vcniuiii:i
n(i\ch(ir:iLcii'iis.
(New York
;
Iron
a line
Weed).
I'luwers of a dark
i^ai'den
autumn makes
soil.
is,
Two
to six feet.
all
This
the hardv,
lieiii.ieeous
Speedwells
in eultivatiun.
The
is
llower spike
is
a brilliant, deep,
amethystine blue,
It is
which contrasts strikingiv with the rich and perfectly hardy. )nc to two feet.
<
yreell foliaye.
a |a])ancse
CHAPTER
I'OR
IX.
Kl'C.
Aiuiromccla arborcn.
This makes a large shrub, being a more robust species Fknvers ereamy white, borne in \avge racemes, Gracefully The foliage assumes the rich autumn tints so much admired.
A.
Blast.
pyriKllteil ISSH
Clethra alniiolja.
low evergreen shrub, two to three feet high, blooming Flowers pure white, in curving racemes. A beautiful spring flowering shrub; two to four feet ,1. Catcshxi. height, with long spreading and recurved liranches. A densclv flowered shrul), two to six feet in height. !Mav. .1. fliirihtinda.
.1.
calvculata.
lIARliY SlIkTllS
A. ligu^trinn
AM)
TRHIJS.
lii.i^li,
119
with laru;e
dark,
Mnriniiii.
\
A
feet
hii^h, wit1i
|)Ui-e
i^liissy
The
llnwers are
waxy
inccniiisn.
hi,L;h,
six feet
in June,
an Azalea, and ^rowini;- three tn pmduciny countless racemes of pearly-white Ijell-shaped flowers
species with
fcjliai^e
like
which are
visciis;i.
Pond
Lilies.
Aanlcn
feet
most beautiful of native species; five to eight high. Mowers purr white and verv fragrant; blooming, June t<i August. 'I'lie well-known " Sjiice Shrul.)," "Sweet" or thn-idii^. C;ilvc;(i]tliiis
)ne of the
" Strawlierry
Sh rub,"
fragrance.
Ccjiluilnntlins
t.-iH-,.
I {
nvculcn-
llutton
Hush).
A
;
shrul of
moderate growth
dense
heads
two
ducing"
of
August.
CIctlini
;ilnifnh';i.
(
)ne
and verv desirable; growing about three feet high, and covered with a great quantity <jf creamy white,
intensely fragrant flowers in spikes six inches long.
k.iimu,
uiiitui..!.
Ilex
(i/i;ic!i.
(American
one of our
Hollv).
finest native
it
This
is
evergreens;
its
make
most attractive and very ornamental tree. (Black Alder. Winterberry ). A dwarf deciduous shrub; Ik-x vcrtkilha:i. verv desirable for the bog garden; fruit bright red. A fine hardy shrub; growing- from four to six feet high hfii vin^inwn. One of our and producing numerous racemes of pure white flowers in June. finest shrubs, with beautiful red foliage in autumn. The Kalmias are unrivaled in beauty of foliage and Kalmia ann'ustUhlm A dwarf species; one to two flowers, and deserving of extended cultivation.
a
feet
lIARliY SIIKCnS
AM) TRHES
(American Laurel). The most beautiful evergreen llnwering K. Intifolin. shrub in eultivaticm. Flowers profuse, large and very showy, varying from deep rose color to nearly white in June; height four to eight feet. (Sweet Gum Tree). A very ornamental tree in Li(iukhunhiir stvrnciflitn. the water garden and in moist places; leaves smooth and shiny, five to seven lobed, pointed, fragrant when bruised, and turning deep erims(jn in autumn. Young trees are covered with gray bark in deej) corky ridges. )ne of the finest of the Magnolias; leaves deep green MngiKilin _i:l:iut:i. above and glaucous white on the under sitle. Flowers waxy white; three inches in diameter, and richly fragrant. iV'pperidge. Sour Gum Tree). A most beautiful tree .Vi-ss.-/ iiuiltiHont. of striking- and characteristic appearance. Foliage rich and glassy as turningthough it were varni.shed bright crimson in autumn.
(
(
;
I'uuhiw nin
finest
impvrinlis.
One
of the
it
;
is
fine in leaf as
the
and down v. The tU>wers are produced on erect spikes, resembling the well
known
l)lotched a
Catalpa,
but the
flowers
are
with a deeper
for
tint.
As
foliage
it
plant
is
the
sul)tropical
garden
invahtalile;
the
young
be cut down annually, the young strong shoots making rapid growth and ])roducing large handsht)ots shoidd
some
Mai^noli.! (j!auca.
leaves.
See
is
illustration
page
59.
The Ailanthus
the long-
nrhutilnlin.
winter.
S;ili\
h:ilivl<iiuc:i.
water's edge;
its
A most desirable tree near the Weeping Willow). long pendant branches and soft green linear foliage are most
|
(Swamp
fruit,
liluebcrry).
but
is
This is a very ornamental mostly esteemed for its fine large fruit;
heiuht
five to
ten feet.