For questions 1-4 use the choices below

1 2 3 4 5 Which of the following is (are) colligative properties? I. Freezing-point depression II. Vapor pressure lowering III. Boiling-point elevation (A) I only (B) I and II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III 6. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest boiling point? (A) 0.5 m NaCl (B) 0.5 m KBr (C) 0.5 m CaCl2 (D) 0.5 m C6H12O6 (E) 0.5 m NaNO3 7. When sodium chloride is added to a saturated aqueous solution of silver chloride, which of the following precipitates would be expected to appear? (A) Sodium (B) Silver (C) Chlorine (D) Sodium chloride (E) Silver chloride 8. A substance is dissolved in water, forming a 0.50-molar solution. If 4.0 liters of solution contains 240 grams of the substance, what is the molecular mass of the substance? (A) 60 grams/mole (B) 120 grams/mole (C) 240 grams/mole (D) 480 grams/mole

(E) 640 grams/mole 9. The solubility product, Ksp, of AgCl is 1.8 1010. Which of the following expressions is equal to the solubility of AgCl? (A) (1.8 1010)2 molar (B) molar (C) 1.8 1010 molar (D) (2)(1.8 1010 molar (E) molar 10. Which of the following expressions is equal to the Ksp of Ag2CO3? (A) Ksp = [Ag+][CO32] (B) Ksp = [Ag+][CO32]2 (C) Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO32] (D) Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO32]2 (E) Ksp = [Ag+]2[CO32]3 11. If the solubility of BaF2 is equal to x, which of the following expressions is equal to the solubility product, Ksp, for BaF2? (A) x2 (B) 2x2 (C) x3 (D) 2x3 (E) 4x3 12. A beaker contains 50.0 ml of a 0.20 M Na2SO4 solution. If 50.0 ml of a 0.10 M solution of Ba(NO3)2 is added to the beaker, what will be the final concentration of sulfate ions in the solution? (A) 0.20 M (B) 0.10 M (C) 0.050 M (D) 0.025 M (E) 0.012 M 13. The solubility of strontium fluoride in water is 1 103 M at room temperature. What is the value of the solubility product for SrF2? (A) 2 103 (B) 4 106 (C) 2 106 (D) 4 109 (E) 2 109 14. The bottler of a carbonated beverage dissolves carbon dioxide in water by placing carbon dioxide in contact with water at a pressure of 1 atm at room temperature. The best way to increase the amount of dissolved CO2 would be to (A) increase the temperature and increase the pressure of CO2. (B) decrease the temperature and decrease the pressure of CO2.

(C) decrease the temperature and increase the pressure of CO2. (D) increase the temperature without changing the pressure of CO2. (E) increase the pressure of CO2 without changing the temperature. 15. When 300. ml of a 0.60 M NaCl solution is combined with 200. ml of a 0.40 M MgCl2 solution, what will be the molar concentration of Cl ions in the solution? (A) 0.20 M (B) 0.34 M (C) 0.68 M (D) 0.80 M (E) 1.0 M 16. 2 HI(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g) + I2(g) + energy A gaseous reaction occurs and comes to equilibrium as shown above. Which of the following changes to the system will serve to increase the number of moles of I2 present at equilibrium? (A) Increasing the volume at constant temperature (B) Decreasing the volume at constant temperature (C) Adding a mole of inert gas at constant volume (D) Increasing the temperature at constant volume (E) Decreasing the temperature at constant volume 17. A sealed isothermal container initially contained 2 moles of CO gas and 3 moles of H2 gas. The following reversible reaction occurred: CO(g) + 2 H2(g) CH3OH(g) At equilibrium, there was 1 mole of CH3OH in the container. What was the total number of moles of gas present in the container at equilibrium? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5 18. 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g) + energy Which of the following changes to the system at equilibrium shown above would cause the concentration of H2O to increase? (A) The volume of the system was decreased at constant temperature. (B) The temperature of the system was increased at constant volume. (C) NH3 was removed from the system. (D) N2 was removed from the system. (E) O2 was removed from the system. 19. A sample of solid potassium nitrate is placed in water. The solid potassium nitrate comes to equilibrium with its dissolved ions by the endothermic process shown below. KNO3(s) + energy K+(aq) + NO3(aq) Which of the following changes to the system would increase the concentration of K+ ions at equilibrium?

(A) The volume of the solution is increased. (B) The volume of the solution is decreased. (C) Additional solid KNO3 is added to the solution. (D) The temperature of the solution is increased. (E) The temperature of the solution is decreased. 20. For which of the following gaseous equilibria do Kp and Kc differ the most? (A) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) (B) NH3BH3(g) NH2BH2(g) + H2(g) (C) NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g) (D) B3N3H6(g) + 3H2(g) B3N3H12(g) (E) BH3(g) + 3HCl(g) BCl3(g) + 3H2(g) 21. A 1M solution of SbCl5 in organic solvent shows no noticeable reactivity at room temperature. The sample is heated to 200C and the following equilibrium reaction is found to occur: SbCl5 SbCl3 + Cl2 The value of Keq at 200C was measured to be 106. The reaction was then heated to 350C, and the equilibrium concentration of Cl2 was found to be 0.1 M, which of the following best approximated the value of Keq at 350C? (A) 1.5 (B) 1.0 (C) 0.1 (D) 0.01 (E) 0.001 23. Br2(g) + I2(g) 2 IBr(g) At 150C, the equilibrium constant, Kc , for the reaction shown above has a value of 300. This reaction was allowed to reach equilibrium in a sealed container and the partial pressure due to IBr(g) was found to be 3 atm. Which of the following could be the partial pressures due to Br2(g) and I2(g) in the container? Br2(g)__ I2(g) (A) 0.1 atm__ 0.3 atm (B) 0.3 atm__ 1 atm (C) 1 atm __1 atm (D) 1 atm __3 atm (E) 3 atm ___3 atm

Acid and Base questions:

8 .Which of the following species is amphoteric?

(A) H+ (B) CO (C) HCO3 (D) H2CO3 (E) H2 9. How many liters of distilled water must be added to 1 liter of an aqueous solution of HCl with a pH of 1 to create a solution with a pH of 2? (A) 0.1 L (B) 0.9 L (C) 2 L (D) 9 L (E) 100 L 10. A 1-molar solution of a very weak monoprotic acid has a pH of 5. What is the value of Ka for the acid? (A) Ka = 1 1010 (B) Ka = 1 107 (C) Ka = 1 105 (D) Ka = 1 102 (E) Ka = 1 101 11. The value of Ka for HSO is 1 102. What is the value of Kb for SO ? (A) Kb = 1 1012 (B) Kb = 1 108 (C) Kb = 1 102 (D) Kb = 1 102 (E) Kb = 1 105 12. How much 0.1-molar NaOH solution must be added to 100 milliliters of a 0.2-molar H2SO3 solution to neutralize all of the hydrogen ions in H2SO3? (A) 100 ml (B) 200 ml (C) 300 ml (D) 400 ml (E) 500 ml 13. The concentrations of which of the following species will be increased when HCl is added to a solution of HC2H3O2 in water? I. H+ II. C2H3O2 III. HC2H3O2 (A) I only (B) I and II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III 14. Which of the following species is amphoteric? (A) HNO3 (B) HC2H3O2 (C) HSO4 (D) H3PO4 (E) ClO4 15. If 0.630 grams of HNO3 (molecular weight 63.0) are placed in 1 liter of distilled water at 25oC, what will be the pH of the solution? (Assume that the volume of the solution is unchanged by the addition of the HNO3.)

(A) 0.01 (B) 0.1 (C) 1 (D) 2 (E) 3 16. Which of the following procedures will produce a buffered solution? I. Equal volumes of 0.5 M NaOH and 1 M HCl solutions are mixed. II. Equal volumes of 0.5 M NaOH and 1 M HC2H3O2 solutions are mixed. III. Equal volumes of 1 M NaC2H3O2 and 1 M HC2H3O2 solutions are mixed. (A) I only (B) III only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III 17. Which of the following compounds will most likely act as a Lewis acid? (A) AlBr3 (B) CH4 (C) NH3 (D) PCl3 (E) Xe

Free Response questions Question 1

Question 2
Use the principles of acid-base theory to answer the following questions: (a) Predict whether a 0.1-molar solution of sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2, will be acidic or basic, and give a reaction occurring with water that supports your conclusion. (b) Predict whether a 0.1-molar solution of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, will be acidic or basic, and give a reaction occurring with water that supports your conclusion. (c) Explain why buffer solutions are made with weak acids instead of strong acids. (d) Explain why, although oxygen occupies the same position in both KOH and HBrO, KOH is a base and HBrO is an acid. Question 3 Identify which one of the acids listed in pairs below is the stronger of the two, and explain why. (a) HF and HCl (b) H2SO3 and HSO3 (c) HNO3 and HNO2 (d) HClO4 and HBrO4
Question 4

The molecular weight and formula of a hydrocarbon are to be determined through the use of the freezing-point depression method. The hydrocarbon is known to be 86 percent carbon and 14 percent hydrogen by mass. In the experiment, 3.72 grams of the unknown hydrocarbon were placed into 50.0 grams of liquid benzene, C6H6. The freezing point of the solution was measured to be 0.06C. The normal freezing point of benzene is 5.50C, and the freezing-point depression constant for benzene is 5.12C/m. (a) What is the molecular weight of the compound? (b) What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon? (c) What is the mole fraction of benzene in the solution? (d) If the density of the solution is 875 grams per liter, what is the molarity of the solution?