A telecommunications network is a collection of terminals, links and nodes which connect to enable telecommunication between users of the terminals.

A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information Network planning and design is an iterative process, encompassing topological design, networksynthesis, and network-realization, and is aimed at ensuring that a new network or service meets the needs of the subscriber and operator. There are two types of radio networks currently in use around the world: the one-to-many broadcast type commonly used for public information and mass media entertainment; and the two-way type used more commonly for public safety and public services such as police, fire, taxicabs, and delivery services. In mobile or wireless communication, the air interface is the radio-based communication link between the mobile station and the active base station The mobile station (MS)[1] [2]comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network. 2g and 3g 1.GSM uses TDMA technology with narrowband 200Khz. To make a call, each user must occupy a frequency. This is reason of interference as well as limited frequency resource during frequeny planning when expanded coverage. 2. 3G (WCDMA) use CDMA technology with broadband 5Mhz, the same frequency carrier, time and division following code. Hence, the speed is increased as well as intererence of frequency do not happen.

Gsm: Gsm for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks, a replacement for first generation(1G) analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital, Modulation in gsm: The modulation used in GSM is Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), a kind of continuous-phase frequency shift keying. In GMSK, the signal to be modulated onto the carrier is first smoothed with a Gaussian low-pass filter prior to being fed to a frequency modulator, which greatly reduces the interference Packet data transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) planning GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.

Gaussian minimum-shift keying

In digital communication, Gaussian minimum shift keying or GMSK is a continuous-phase frequency-shift keying modulation scheme. It is similar to standard minimum-shift keying (MSK); however the digital data stream is first shaped with a Gaussian filter before being applied to a frequency modulator.
a Gaussian filter is a filter whose impulse response is a Gaussian function.

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is a main component of the GPRS network. The GGSN is responsible for the interworking between the GPRS network and external packet switched networks, like the Internet and X.25 networks.
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

A Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area. Its tasks include packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach and location management), logical link management, and authentication and charging functions. The location register of the SGSN stores location information (e.g., current cell, current VLR) and user profiles (e.g., IMSI, address(es) used in the packet data network) of all GPRS users registered with this SGSN.