CHAPTER FOUR BOOST CONVERTER 4.1 What is the Boost converter?

The boost converter is a type of dc-dc switch mode converters. The main application of a boost converter is to achieve an output voltage higher than the input voltage. It consists of dc input voltage source Vi, boost inductor, controlled switch (IGBT), diode, filter capacitor, and load resistance. Fig. 4.1 shows the boost circuit:

Fig. 4.1: The boost converter Circuit 4.2 Boost design The duty cycle D is calculated by applying this equation.

So For Vi = 48v and Vo = 360v, the duty cycle D = 0.87.

A1-1

The boost converter operates in continuous conduction mode for L > Lb where

For D = 0.86, R = 36 and f = 5 kHz, the boundary value of inductor is Lb = 70 uH. So the inductor is chosen to be 84 uH. The minimum of the filter capacitor is

For D = 0.86, R = 36 , f = 5 kHz and Vr/Vo = 1%, the mininum capacitor for boost converter is Cmin = 600 uF. So the inductor is chosen to be 1000 uH. 4.3 Boost waveforms The boost converter was simulated successfully using OrCAD. A 48 VDC input voltage is used to produce 230 VDC output voltage. Fig 4.2 shows the waveforms of gate voltages, inductor current, switching current and capacitor current.
V g 10V 0V V(Z2:G) I L 0A

SEL>> -200A -I(L1) I S 200A 0A -200A IC(Z2) I C 100A 0A -100A 14.510ms 14.600ms -I(C2)

14.700ms

14.800ms

14.900ms

15.000ms Time

15.100ms

15.200ms

15.300ms

15.400ms

15.500ms

Fig. 4.2: Boost converter waveforms: (a) gate voltages

(b) inductor current.

(c) switching current (d) capacitor current

When the switch is on state, the current in the boost inductor increases linearly and the diode is off at that time. When the switch is turned off, the energy stored in the inductors released through the diode to output RC circuit. Because the current supplied by RC circuit is discontinuous. Thus a large filter capacitor is required to limit the voltage ripple. This capacitor provides the output dc current to the load when the diode is off. The output voltage of the boost converter is shown in the Fig. 6.3.
300V

200V

100V

0V 0s 5ms V(output:2) 10ms 15ms 20ms 25ms 30ms Time 35ms 40ms 45ms 50ms 55ms 60ms

Fig. 4.3: Output Voltages of the Converter 3.4 Boost Implementation The circuit shown in Fig. 3.1 was implemented with the following values: L = 85 H C = 1000 F The converter switch was chosen to be an IGBT because IGBTs have low on state voltage drop, they have fast switching frequency, they require simple drive circuit and they are voltage controlled device. Fig. 3.4 shows the implementation of the Boost Converter.

Take the picture from muntaha

Fig. 4.4: Implementation of Boost circuit The pic16f877a provides the pulsation voltage to gate drive. The switching frequency is 5 KHz. The L6385 gate drive is chosen to drive the IGBT because of many reasons such that it provides adequate sink/supply current, availability in the market and its output is in phase with input.

 We will continue the implementation of the boost converter and test it practically.

Reference: [1]Ali Emadi, Mehdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, second edition, 2010. [2]Stephen J. Chapman. Electric Machinery Fundamentals, fourth edition, 2005. [3]Austin Hughes. Electric Motors and Drives, Fundementals, Types and Applications, third edition, 2006. [4]U.A.Bakshi, V.U.Bakshi. Electrical Engineering, first edition,2009. [5] Austin Hughes, Electric Motors and Drives, third edition, 2006, Pages 122,124 [6] Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins, Power electronics: converters, applications, and design, second edition, pages 414, 421. [7] An Induction Motor Drive for Weel Chair, Jaser Sad and Noupedein Motan (Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Abu-Khaizran), Birzeit University, 2005. [8] An Electric Wheelchair, Anas Muhammad Aqel, Habib Khaled Abdallah and Muhammad Asad Issa, (Supervised by Dr. Muhammad Abu-Khaizran), Birzeit University, 2012. [9] Muhammad H. Rashid, Power electronics: circuits, devices, and applications, third edition, pages 215, 216. [10] Electric Train, Ahmad Ali and Mohammad Al-manasra (supervised by Dr. Ibrahim Hammad), Birzeit University, 2012. [11] irg4pc50ud Data Sheet.