NAME: DEEPAK P

ROLL NO. 10A208

SUB SYSTEM: BRAKES

A device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, typically by applying pressure to the wheels. Brakes are which employed by following criterion Mechanical brakes Hydraulic brakes Electric brake Vacuum brakes Air brakes By-wire brakes

The various types of brakes employed in the field of automobile are Bicycle wheel brake Drum brake Disk brake Electric wedge brake

The brake system which we use in common is the disk brakes. The disk brakes consist of following parts ,

Caliper Mastercylinder Piston Discs Brake pads Flexible tube.

Disc brakes tend to perform equally well in all conditions including water, mud, and snow due to several factors: * The braking surface is farther from the ground and possible contaminants like mud which can coat or freeze on the rim and pads. * Disc brake pads when fully retracted ride much closer to the braking surface than rim brake pads. This better prevents a build-up of water or debris under the pad. * There are holes in the rotor, providing a path for water and debris to get out from under the pads. * Wheel rims tend to be made of lightweight metal. Brake discs and pads are harder and can accept higher maximum loads. The use of very wide tyres favours disc brakes, as rim brakes require ever-longer arms to clear the wider tyre. Longer arms tend to flex more, degrading braking. Disc brakes are unaffected by tyre width.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (AGAINST):

Brake fade Warping Scaring Brake squeal

DISC
The requirement for a large section of ceramic composite material having very high heat tolerance and mechanical strength often relegates ceramic discs to exotic vehicles where the cost is not prohibitive to the application, and industrial use where the ceramic disc's light weight and low maintenance properties justify the cost relative to alternatives. Composite brakes can withstand temperatures that would make steel discs bendable.

CYLINDER
TANDEM MASTER CYLINDER

Tandem master cylinder has two different hydraulic chambers. This creates in effect two separate hydraulic braking circuit If one of the braking circuits fails the other one rescue during braking. Safety is maximum Two types o Axle by axle split system o Alternative split braking system

This is the basic configuration that will be considered for finite element analysis and design optimization in the subsequent sections. The corresponding dimensional design Parameters are (i) Magnetic circuit design (ii) Material selection (iii) Sealing (iv) Working surface area (v) Viscous torque generation (vii) brake fluid selection

BRAKE FLUID
The primary function of a motor vehicle brake fluid is to provide a means for transmitting pressure from the brake pedal to the wheel cylinders or callipers, where the pressure is transformed into the required braking Effort. Another property the brake fluid must possess is a sufficiently high boiling point. Brake Fluid DOT 4 is a high performance premium hydraulic fluid blended from polyethylene glycol ethers, derived esters and additives. It has a minimum boiling point of 270C and is designed for use in both disc and drum brake systems, for clutch system and in other hydraulic systems for which DOT 4, DOT 3 and SAE J1703 fluids are recommended. By virtue of its high wet and dry boiling points, Brake Fluid DOT 4 offers superior protection against vapour lock especially in the early life of the fluid and is particularly recommended for disc brake systems operating at high temperatures and the most severe braking service. Brake Fluid DOT 3 is a quality hydraulic fluid mixture of polyethylene glycol ethers and additives of minimum boiling point 232C. It conforms to US Federal DOT 3 and SAE J1703 specifications and is suitable for use in both disc and drum brake systems and clutch systems where such fluids are specified. Shell Brake Fluid DOT 3 is dyed red for easy identification, and offers good lubricity and anti-corrosion protection to the operating system Performance Level.