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Juno Davies Manish Deo Navneeth Raj Gaurav Upadhyay Shailendra

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Title:-A study on impact of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) on supply chain in Retail stores in Bangalore.

Aim:-This study facilitates to understand the impact of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) on supply chain management of retail stores (Shoppers stop), in Bangalore and it also provides the data to check the usefulness of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in Shoppers stop.

Statement of Problem:-Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a new rising technology that poses the capability to revolutionize the way retailers do business. This study will help the Retailers to improve their supply chain management and enhance their ability by lowering their error rates and this will help them to reduce the overall cost. We conduct this study by means of store manager (Primary Data) in retail stores. To conduct this study we require human resource & technical support.

Objective:1- To analyse the difference between the implementation of RFID and Barcode. 2- To measure the extent of necessity of RFID in retail stores. 3- To know the RFID usage among retail stores. 4- To know the response of retailers towards RFID.

HYPOTHESIS:NULL Hypothesis:RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTITY will positively influence faster inventory tracking, increase transparency & security in retail stores in Bangalore. Alternative Hypothesis:The influence is due to other factors.

LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction The use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology extends historically to the 1970s, when the first commercial products emerged. The introduction of this technology motivated future research that sought to integrate RFID into various applications ranging from inventory control to human tracking. However, the practical significance of this technology was not been fully appreciated until mass manufacturing of RFID tags and readers, at different scales and for different ranges, were made possible. Currently, RFID-based systems are being proposed as alternatives to previously established technologies and as extensions to others. A basic RFID system is comprised of three main elements: RFID tag, RFID reader, and a processing unit. RFID tags are simple communication devices that are activated by incoming registration from the RFID reader, when it is in its operating range, which is between three and ten meters. They usually contain a small amount of readable/writable memory, which is used to save important information. A RFID reader communicates with and accesses the RFID tags through an antenna, whose size is influenced by the preferred range of the reader and its power constraint. On the other end, it connects to a processing unit, which initiates read/write operations and is responsible for post processing of the data received. The processing unit can be either a stationary or a mobile platform. It integrates the reader-tag subsystem into a higher level application. This paper will talk about different aspects of RFID technology in the following sections. In section 2, uses of RFIDs will be talked about. In sections 3 and 4, pros and cons of RFID technology will be discussed.

2. RFID usage RFIDs can be used for many different things. Most uses today consist of tracking material goods, manufacturing, and supply chain management. Asset tracking is one of the most common uses of RFID. Tags are put on a companys property that may be lost or stolen often, that are not used as often or just hard to locate at the time they are requested. RFIDs used in manufacturing plants are used to track parts and work in process. They are also used to reduce defects and manage production of different types of the merchandise. RFID technology has been used to automate parts of the supply chain within a company's control. Since standards of RFIDs are emerging, tracking shipments among companies and its affiliates are beginning to increase. RFIDs are further being used to implement different applications such as payment systems, security control, and also utilized in the retail industry. One of the rising uses of RFID technology is using it as a payment system. The active system can be used as a quick service at restaurants with using the same active RFID tags to pay for meals at drive through windows. RFIDs have long been used as an electronic key to control who has access to office buildings or areas within office buildings. The first access control systems used low-frequency RFID tags. The RFID is more convenient, to where an employee can hold up a badge to unlock a door, rather than looking for a key or swiping a magnetic stripe card. Since there is no contact between the card and the reader, there is less wear and tear, and therefore less maintenance. Retailers are currently focused on improving supply chain efficiency and making sure products are on the shelf when customers want to take a product. 3. Advantages of RFIDs The RFID technology has many advantages. Line of sight is not an issue with the RFID tags because it just has to be in close proximity of the reader. Replicating an RFID tag is also very complicated to do rather than with a bar code, thus making security a key advantage. It can be used as a tracking device on certain manufactured goods to ensure that

products are not lost or stolen. If products that are tagged with RFID tags are moved out of their remote location, it can also trigger a security system so that it knows it is being transported to a site where it should not be

4. Disadvantages of RFIDs While having advantages to RFID technology, it also has its disadvantages. Installation of RFIDs is more expensive than that of a barcode. Companies find it costly to use in their businesses. Interference also plays a key role in RFIDs as its waves are sensitive and easily interrupted by other waves such as from cell phone towers and walkie-talkies. Different frequencies are being used around the world by different countries for RFID usage. This makes it mandatory for international shipping companies and other organizations to be aware of the working pattern of other nations also, which can be very timeconsuming. RFID technology has also been referred to as an invasive technology. Consumers are worried about their privacy when they purchase products with RFID tags. They can be tracked and personal information can be collected by the RFID reader.

History
Economics aside, how does a mature technology like bar coding remained viable player in a world increasingly enamored with newer options, such as chips, tags and sensors, to track and trace equipment, people and products? Certainly, the higher upfront investment for radiofrequency identification (RFID) and real-time location systems (RTLS) may make bar coding more fiscally attractive in the short-term but whether it can weather falling prices long-term for RFID and RTLS components represents another debate. In a chip- aid sensor-driven world, bar coding's sustainability remains in question even as interest simmers for bedside point-of-care bar coding applications. As a result Healthcare Purchasing News Senior Editor Rick Dana Barlow reached out to three key executives immersed in the bar-coding world to briefly share their insights on the distinguishing characteristics, applications and endurance of their products as options for healthcare supply chain management. Reliability is also a significant consideration, particularly when bar coding is employed in a medication safety program. For example, B. Braun's Outlook Safety Infusion System's bar coding capabilities are designed to ensure the right patient is receiving the right drug and the right dose by an authorized clinician. A torn, wrinkled or smudged bar-code label can be observed visually and identified as the potential cause for a reading error. On the other hand, RFID reading errors can be associated with several causes not readily observable, sucb as interference, proximity or circuit failure. Focus first on the standardization and improvement of the medication administration work-flow. As bar-code labels are virtually ubiquitous in a healthcare setting and readers are available with most bedside IT solutions, choosing a bar-code data entry protocol

allows the institution to remain focused on the clinical workflows rather than the implementation of new technology Another important consideration for medication safety systems is that bar-coding, RFID and RTLS systems are merely tools utilized to perform data entry}' functions. Effective medication safety programs. Meaning:- Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic identification and tracking. Some tags require no battery and are powered by the electromagnetic fields used to read them. Others use a local power source and emit radio waves (electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies). The tag contains electronically stored information which can be read from up to several metres (yards) away. Unlike a bar code, the tag does not need to be within line of sight of the reader and may be embedded in the tracked object. RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line. Pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses. Livestock and pets may have tags injected, allowing positive identification of the animal. RFID identity cards can give employees access to locked areas of a building, and RF transponders mounted in automobiles can be used to bill motorists for access to toll roads or parking.

RFID Adoption by Retailers

Retail Store WAL-MART Wal-Mart Sainsburys Tesco Carrefour Metro AG Home Depot Mitsukoshi Marks & Spencer Albertsons McDonalds ASDA Best Buy Sears Target Year of Adoption 2003 2003 2000 2007 2004 2004 2005 2007 2003 2004 2000 2005 2006 2005 2006 Country of Origin USA US UK UK UK Germany USA Japan UK US US UK US US US

RFID Adoption by Indian Retailer

Retail Store Pantaloons Big Bazaar ITC Wills Lifestyle Reliance Madura Garments Tata Shoppers Stop Arvind Mills Year of Adoption 2005 2007 2007 2008 2007 2007 2006 2006

Importance of RFID During the last decade, most organizations have implemented enterprise-wide applications and integration platforms. These implementations have delivered benefits in terms of data synchronization and information flows within the organization and with trading partners providing valuable inputs for planning and optimization of schedules and reporting. However, automated data capture and tracking in real-time has been a major bottleneck, affecting the ability of organizations to optimize their investments in supply chain solutions. Radio Frequency identification (RFID) Technology is emerging as a technology that could provide the answer lo these problems. Using tags, readers and radio waves to communicate between the two, RFID combined with the EPC (Electronic Product Code) would be able to address these pain points and deliver a whole range of benefits across various verticals like manufacturing, distribution, retail, logistics and security. The potential benefits arise from increase in supply chain visibility, increase in efficiencies and decrease in costs due to better data synchronization, increase in responsiveness to changes due to real time information visibility and a number of additional industry / vertical specific benefits. RFID promises to have a major impact on supply chains allowing trading partners to collaborate more effectively and achieve new levels of efficiency and responsiveness. RFID is the latest magic bulletin in the technological scope that has the potential to make a sweeping shift in the way any organizations approach their supply chain. Leading the way in embracing this technology are retailers, particularly Wal-Mart and their suppliers. RFID is enabling companies to see further into the supply chain providing

more accurate real-time information and improvements in process efficiency. The increased visibility can result in faster inventory turns, less shrinkage, reduced labor and higher material flow through warehouse or distribution center. Greater efficiency means RFIDenabled processes take less time and effort; entire pallets of product can be recognized in seconds without the need to break them down and cycle counting inventory can be accomplished in hours or even minutes instead of days.

RFID: Frequency, standards, adoption and innovation

Matt Ward Department of Design Goldsmiths College, University of London

Types of RFID RFID products fall into two basic categories: Passive and Active. Passive tags do not have batteries and have indefinite life expectancies. Active Tags are powered by batteries and either have to be recharged, have their batteries replaced or be disposed of when the batteries fail.

Various Types of Antennas (above)

RFID products are then broken up into different frequencies. Tags and Antennas are tuned or matched much the same way as a radio is tuned to a frequency to receive different channels. These frequencies are grouped into Four basic ranges: Low Frequency, High Frequency, Very High Frequency and Ultra-High Frequencies.

Each frequency range has its advantages and disadvantages. Europe use 868 MHz. for its UHF applications while the US uses 915 MHz. for its UHF applications. Japan does not allow the use of the UHF frequency for RFID applications. Low Frequency tags (LF) are less costly to manufacturer than Ultra High Frequency (UHF) tags. UHF tags offer better read/write range and can transfer data faster then other tags. HF tags work best at close range but are more effective at penetrating non-metal objects especially objects with high water content.

Various Types of Tags (above)

Once a frequency range is determined, then it is time to choose an antenna that best fits the application. Antennas come in all sorts of sizes and shapes. The size of the antenna determines the range of the application. Large antennas used with Active Tags can have a range of

100 feet or more. Large antennas used with Passive Tags generally have a range of 10 feet of less. There are dock door antennas (sometimes called Portals) that allow a forklift driver to drive between two antennas. Information can be collected from the tags without the forklift driver having to stop. There are antennas that mount between rollers on conveyors for reading/writing from below. While other antennas are available that mount to the side of or above the conveyors. Handheld Reader/Writers are available as well. Controllers are available to communicate with most Networks (Ethernet, DeviceNet, ProFibus, etc). They typically have serial ports for programming and data transfer. Controllers are usually shipped with programming software to set-up and customize the application. Controllers typically operate on 120VAC or 24VDC.

Competitors:
RFID is gaining a lot of momentum, but there are a number of other competing technologies out there. Not all of them are considered to be true competitors though. Essentially, any low power, localized wireless technology could potentially be used for an RFID style application. Firstly, we have the suite of wireless or "Wi-Fi" technologies. These technologies could be employed for tracking and communicating with other fixed or moving devices to determine locations and contents of a remote tag. Long ranges of 300900 feet that can be boosted even further using higher-gain antennas. High data rates may make this option attractive if you want to place a large quantity of detailed data on a target. Bluetooth comprise a series of Personal Area Network technologies or PANs. Bluetooth devices typically hold a range of 30-35 feet and are common in cellular phones and some wireless keyboard/mouse solutions. A new competitor to RFID is ZigBee, which is looking to utilize the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communications space for it's interactions. Key advantages to UWB

include extremely low power consumption, routed meshing between all ZigBee devices without the need for access points, and it's potential to be low cost at less than 50 cents Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee certainly provide potential alternatives to Active RFID tag technologies but in some cases at a much higher cost. ZigBee may be the only competitor that will potentially challenge the passive RFID tag space. Passive RFIDs require no power, cost less than 5-50 cents each, and hold no processing or data storage capabilities. Passive RFID tags require that you have the proper reader/interrogator in order to activate and read the tags and the reader needs to be in fairly close proximity to the tag.

System advantage, from Financial point of view Most companies that sell RFID tags do not quote prices because pricing is based on volume, the amount of memory on the tag and the packaging of the tag (whether its encased in plastic or embedded in a label, for instance), whether the tag is active or passive and much more. Generally speaking, active tags are $25 and up. Active tags with special protective housing, extra-long battery life or sensors can run $100 or more. A passive 96-bit EPC inlay (chip and antenna mounted on a substrate) costs from 7 to 15 U.S. cents. If the tag is embedded in a thermal transfer label on which companies can print a bar code, the price rises to 15 cents and up. Low- and high-frequency tags tend to cost a little more. How much do RFID readers cost today? It depends on the type of reader. Active readers are typically purchased as part of a complete system, with tags and mapping software to determine the tags location. Most UHF readers cost from $500 to $2,000, depending on the features in the device. Companies may also have to buy each antenna separately, along with cables. Antennae are about $200 and up. The price of UHF readers has been falling as production ramps up with adoption. Low- and high-frequency readers range in price, depending on different factors. A low-frequency reader model (a circuit board that can be put into another device) can be under $100, while a fully functional standalone reader can be $750. High-frequency

reader modules are typically $200 to $300. A standalone reader can be about $500. How much does a fully functional RFID system cost? The cost depends on the application, the size of the installation, the type of system and many other factors, so it is not possible to give a ballpark figure. In addition to tag and reader costs, companies might to purchase middleware to filter RFID data. They will likely need to hire a systems integrator and upgrade enterprise applications, such as warehouse management systems. They might also need to upgrade networks within facilities. And they will need to pay for the installation of the readers. Not only do the readers need to be mounted, they need electrical power and to be connected to a corporate network. All of these factors are different for each deployment, depending on the application, the environment and so on. R

System advantage, from HR's point of view The fundamental objective of RFID based production management technology is to balance production lines and achieve smooth production flow. Its essence is managing people, assigning the right people to do the right tasks, and coming up with the right work steps all to improve productivity. This means being able to track where, why and who causes the problem. For example, if in one of the work lines one of the workers makes collars slowly, RFID can track the problem in every single station and identify each of these three things: the where - which workstation has the problem; who - which worker causes the problem; and why which work step or style has the problem in a production line. By knowing these, the Industrial Engineer can apply the necessary remedy to smooth out the problem. This may include retraining the worker, changing the sequence of the work step, or changing of worker Advantages of using RFID RFID can also track bottle necks. WIP tracking is only the means of the task, as described earlier. The main objective, however, is to achieve a smooth flow. To illustrate an unsmooth line, assume that you have 20 workers in a line, and even if 19 of them are fast and just one is slow, semi-finished goods will still pile up and slow down the entire line. To keep a smooth line, the remedial action in this case is to put in people who have the same productivity rating. The first step is to find the worker in your entire factory who has the appropriate work rate in such production step. The next step is to look into the HR system and find the relevant data to arrange the workers work shift. Measurement and improvement are important because in the traditional system, the factory manager does not care about the fine details of the production such as the cost of each work minute in the factory since the margin is high. But nowadays, the margin has

dramatically gone down and the factory manager needs to use a more scientific way to calculate the cost of every work minute and find ways to reduce the cost. Difficulties in tracking production status Garment manufacturing is labor-intensive. It is the most humandependent of all the kinds of manufacturing because only a few robotics can be applied. As a result, it also has to meet social compliance requirements. One challenge in garment manufacturing is the difficulty of doing mass data capture. Real time data capture is difficult to achieve without a device link up with the human work. Without mass data capture, productivity cannot be monitored. Improvement can only be achieved by visual monitoring in the factory floor and, due to human nature, a lot of discrepancies can arise

HR and RFID tracking integration is necessary Integrated HR and RFID has advantages on this area. You can have real time information in a mass workstation format. Worker information can also be captured based on the productivity of their work skill rate, thus, one can see the level of efficiency of each worker in a certain work step. Lastly, work step information can be captured based on the garment features. Essential feature of HR feature The HR system has a lot of features., including those of a basic HR system: being able to keep the workers personal data, reward data, employment history and interactive payroll. The most important features are keeping skill data and work shift planning. RFID interactive can be used to plan the work shift based on the garment work content,

and to plan for a smooth production line even before the production starts. It is important to have the system integrated with the HR system. It is useless just to track the WIP, as mentioned before, since the focus is to measure and improve everyones efficiency. The nuts and bolts of the integration are: to implement an effective reward system, it has to be robust and it has to treat reward fairly in order to increase motivation. To do this, each individual workers ability needs to be kept and scored, therefore, the system has to be able to derive a skill matrix. Skill Matrix Skill matrix is a table that keeps record of the efficiency of all workers in every major operation. IE department will then be able to categorize different levels of workers to plan a smooth production line, know which workers need to be trained and know what work step need to be fine-tuned.

Records from the HR system can be used to do a lot of data analysis such as training history of worker, age of worker, past employment history, merit & demerit and reward history of worker. In summary, RFID is a device to constantly measure the worker and be able to appraise each worker as part of your team to achieve your companys goal.

Global Scenario of RFID Adoption

In 2003, global major retailer Wal-Mart requested and issued mandate to top 100 suppliers to tag RFID pallets for goods supplied by them to increase operational efficiency. Wal-Mart has introduced RFID attached to each pallet and storage box that comes into/goes out of their stores and distribution centers and has almost completely replaced bar codes. In June 2003, Wal-Mart had communicated to its major suppliers that in two years, all pallets and boxes should come tagged with RFID. Information about the contents loaded onto a roller or box can be tagged onto the tag and easily checked. This helps check if material has gone "missing" during transport. Looking into the phenomenal success, major retailers such as Target, Best Buy and others were compelled to issue guidelines to their suppliers to adhere to this system of tagging RFID pallets, especially the big suppliers. Throughout the European Union, RFID passes are used for the public transport systems. This system has now been copied by Canada, Mexico, Israel, Dubai and Columbia also. All the transport payments and toll charges are monitored and done through RFID Compliant systems. This can reduce a lot of time spent by logistics companies along the motorway and can speed up the checking & inspection stages in the logistics. This automatically brings down the cost of transportation. However, when RFID was implemented, Metro registered an 11% reduction in out of stock position at testing sites. Another major retailer of Japan, Mitsukoshi, commented that adopting RFID and Intelligent telephones in dressing rooms gave customers access to first hand product information. This system helped retailers in bringing efficiency in their overall operations. It also allowed customers to get immediate information about product stock position from sales staff.

Indian Scenario
Retailers, textiles, aviation, energy and auto sectors in India are switching to this new concept over the last 5 years after seeing the results of implementation in the developed world. This is also necessitated by pressures on them by suppliers from abroad to comply with global business practices, failing which they run the risk of being left behind. Infosys Technologies is a founding member of EPC and Wipro technologies have been associated with Auto-ID Lab at MIT for some years now. Both these companies play a big role in the EPC which provides standards for implementation of the technology. The Big Bazaar, Pantaloon has taken initiative in piloting RFID in its Tarapur Warehouse. With the help of Wipro InfoTech, the architecture of implementing RFID is being worked out with existing Pantaloon infrastructure. The major benefits indicated were increased visibility, faster and more accurate processes. Other sectors of the industry such as FMCG, Oil and Gas, Defense have shown interest on RFID implementation. Government is also keen on becoming one of the large potential end users of RFID/EPC (Electronic Product Code) for tracing and tracking equipments and spares, asset management, effective stock management, zero error production, order processing, distribution and logistics management etc. With its varied usage and benefits, RFID is poised and anticipated to be one of the emerging technologies which have the capability to transform business problems into profitable and positive outcomes.

CONCLUSION
Since RFID is in its budding stage in India, it can be perceived as an immature solution which consist lot of technical and commercial barriers. However, it is said to rock the supply chain over the next 20 years as it is a logical evolution. It is also projected to be critical for supply chain in the next 10-20 years and is expected to become a mainstream technology. Effective implementation of RFID generates data that can be used to develop segmentation models and can accurately predict customer usage patterns. Thus, data collected is comprehensive and can provide bigger picture of the customer than othersystems of data collection in the market.Though RFID industry practices are still in the nascent stage and are relatively limited II Stage- Sample Design Sample Unit: Retailors Sample Size: 50 retailors by covering 1 cityBangalore (Karnataka), Sampling Type: Z-test & Correlation analysis.

III Stage- Approaches to Research Design

1. Research Design Exploratory/Conclusive/description/causal Research 2. 2. Data Collection I.Primary data.

Questionnaire for the Survey on RFID A study on impact of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) on supply chain in Retail stores in Yesvanthpur. Q.1- Explain the reason you are considering RFID: a) Improve efficiency b) Improve productivity c) Reduce operating costs d) Required by supplier e) Reduce labor costs Reasons A B C D E No. of Votes 9 6 5 4 6
Reason for RFID
10 5 0 a b c d e

Reason for RFID

Q.2- What is your infrastructure installation budget? a) Not sure yet b) Less than 10,000 c) 10,000 - 25,000 d) 25,000 -50,000 e) More than 50,000 Reasons a b c d e No. of Votes 3 5 8 7 7
Installation Budget
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 a b c d e Installation Budget

#Customer Services: (Likert Scale) (1-Very Poor, 2-Poor, 3-Good, 4-Very Good, 5-Excellent) Q.3- Faster Checkout: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 2 7 6 8 7
Faster Check
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Faster Check

Q.4- Better Information: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 7 6 5 6 6

Better Information
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Better Information

Q-5- Better Inventory Visibility: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 3 6 6 7 8

Better Inventory Visibility
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Better Inventory Visibility

#Efficiency: (Likert Scale) (1-Very Poor, 2-Poor, 3-Good, 4-Very Good, 5-Excellent) Q.6- Theft Reduction: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 6 5 7 6 6
Theft Reduction
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Theft Reduction

Q.7- Labour Efficiency: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 6 5 5 6 8

Labour Efficiency
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Labour Efficiency

Q.8- Inventory Reduction: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 3 7 4 8 8

Inventory Reduction
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Inventory Reduction

#Security: (Likert Scale) (1-Very Poor, 2-Poor, 3-Good, 4-Very Good, 5-Excellent) Q.9- Asset Tracking: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 4 7 5 7 6
Asset Tracking
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Asset Tracking

Q.10- Safety: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 4 6 5 7 8

Safety
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Safety

Q.11- Retailer Compliance: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 5 5 6 7 7

Retailer Compliance
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Retailer Compliance

#Operational Gains: (Likert Scale) (1-Very Poor, 2-Poor, 3-Good, 4-Very Good, 5-Excellent) Q.12- Faster Sales Cycle: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 5 5 7 7 6
Faster Sales Cycle
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Faster Sales Cycle

Q.13-Integration of System: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 6 4 6 7 7

Integration of System
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Integration of System

Q.14- Anticipated ROI: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 Likert Scale 1 2 3 4 5 No. of Votes 5 6 5 6 8

Anticipated ROI
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Anticipated ROI

Methodology: Perceived Benefits The primary information was collected by analyzing the secondary data on benefits sought from RFID and was ranked as per the importance. Likert type of scale (with 1 being least important and 5 being most important) was used to know the importance the retailers attach to each of the sub factors. Then weightage of (Likeability and Dislikability ) was assigned depending on the importance attached on a Likert scale (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), respectively, with 1 being the least important and 5 being the most important. From the above Questionnaire it can be understood that among the various benefits of RFID, retailers perceive Reasons to be the priority benefits among the factors studied.
SCALE
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 SCALE

2:-Secondary data. Secondary data source All secondary sources such as trade publications, industry reports, conference papers were used wherever necessary. Secondary studies and review of literature revealed the attributes, which were further considered for factor analysis.

Findings and Suggestions :

By doing the correlation analysis of various variables that was selected for questioner , we can draw conclusion that faster check out and faster sales cycles have a positive correlation but in a medium range , and similarly better information we can see that they are poorly correlated , in the case of inventory and retailors compliance we can that they are highly correlated ,similarly in the case of asset tracking and safety they have high correlation , in the case of theft reduction and safety they have negatively correlated ie they dont have any impact on each other In the z-test, from the data the extreme tail value of the graph is 1.95 and the calculated value from the data is 1.236. so the value comes inside the acceptance region of the graph, so we select the null hypothesis. There for the implementation of RFID has increased the efficiency and scope of inventory management. There for we can conclude that retailors will have a better profit and control of their resource if they implement RFID.

-1.96

1.236

1.96

Conclusion:Research on RFID equipment has proved that the use of the RFID has increased the efficiency of retail stores supply chain management. As per Idtechex (2006), it is estimated that 44% of global RFID market value will be dominated by retail industry in 2016. It is also projected to be critical for supply chain in the next 1020 years and is expected to become a mainstream technology. Mongelluzzo (2005), in his study, stated that Accenture in 2004 reported to generate $4 billion net value in the electronic space from full RFID implementation. This indicates the potential RFID possesses. Though RFID industry practices are still in the initial stage and are relatively limited, most of the suppliers are catering to minimal compliance in order to meet the mandates of Wal-Mart and other major players. References: [1]Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility. What is RFID. <http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/what_is_rfid. asp >. Web. 14 June 2010. [2]Netaji Nagar Day College. An Introduction to RFID Technology. < http://www.nndaycollege.com/rfidintro. html>. Web. 14 June 2010. [3] Advantages and Disadvantages of RFID Technology. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-anddisadvantagesof-rfid-technology.html> . Web. 14 June 2010 [4] www.EBSCO.com