TRNG I HC TI CHNH MARKETING

KHOA O TO SAU I HC

TI LIU N TP
MN TING ANH
K THI TUYN
SINH SAU I HC
GRAMMAR FOCUS
H thng ha nhng im thit yu trong ng php
ting Anh.
n tp k nng s dng ting Anh trnh trung
cp- ngng (Intermediate/ Threshold).
Cung cp cho hc vin mt nn tng c bn trong
thc hnh hai k nng c v vit, p ng yu cu
ca bi thi u vo.
Gip hc vin lm quen vi cc k nng lm bi thi.
NGUYEN HOANG QUE
06/12/2011

A. GRAMMAR FOCUS
PART I: TENSES
1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: Th hin ti n
I, We, You, They, plural Noun + V1

+O

He, she, It, Name, singular Noun + V s / -es

+O

Khi thy cc trng t ch s thng xuyn (adverb of frequency) nh: always (lun lun),
usually (thng thng), often (thng), frequently (thng xuyn), sometimes (thnh
thong), occasionally, seldom (him khi), rarely (t khi), never (khng bao gi), every (day,
week, month hng ngy, tun, thng), once a week, twice a day, th chia ng t chnh
th hin ti n. Xem xt ch t s nhiu hay s t ty theo m thm S/ES hay gi
nguyn ng t. (ng t tn cng bng SS, SH, TCH, X, O, Z th ta thm ES nu ch t l
ngi th 3 s t. Hoc ng t tn cng bng mt ph m + Y th ta i thnh IES nu ch t
l ngi th 3 s t.)
Ex:

- She goes to school by bus every day.

- He usually studies late at night.

Th ny c dng din t mt hnh ng/ trng thi hin xy ra, hin c; mt s tht hin
nhin; mt tp qun/ c tnh; mt vic tng lai ln lch
Ex:

This book belongs to me.

Mr. Brown drinks coffee after meal.
The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
Their train leaves at 9.00 tonight.

2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Th hin ti tip din

I

+ am

We / you / they / plural Noun

+ are V-ing

He / she / it / name / singular

+O

+ is

2.1. Khi thy cc ch: now, at present, at the moment, while, Hurry up!, Look! th ta chia ng t
th Hin ti tip din. Nh phi mn ng t TO BE ri mi thm ING cho ng t chnh.
Ex:

He is reading a book at the moment.

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3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Th hin ti hon thnh

I, we, you, they, Plular Noun + Have + V3 / V ed

+O

He, she it, Tn, Singular Noun + Has + V3 / V ed

+O

3.1. Du hiu : just, rencently, already, not yet, never, ever, since + im thi gian, for +
khong thi gian, before, lately, so far, Its the first time, Up to now, How long
Ex:

She has learned English for 3 years

I have already booked my flight to Bangkok.

3.2. Th ny c dng din t mt hnh ng va mi hon thnh; mt kt qu ca hnh

ng trong qu kh m n hin ti (lc ni) vn cn; mt kinh nghim n hin ti mi ngng;
mt vic mi n hin ti vn cn tip tc,
Ex:

She has just written her letter.

Spring has come.
He left home last year and I have not seen him since.
Have you ever seen a whale?
I have lived in this city for 10 years.

4. PAST SIMPLE TENSE: Th qu kh n

S + V2/ V ed + O
Khi ta thy cc ch Last, yesterday, ago, in 1990 , when I was a child, this morning, th ta
chia ng t chnh th ny (thm ED hoc chn ng t bt quy tc ct 2 ca bng ng t
bt quy tc). Th ny c dng din t mt hnh ng/ trng thi xy ra v xong hn
trong qu kh; mt tp qun, kh nng trong qu kh; mt kinh nghim qu kh
Ex:

They went to Singapore last month.

A terrible fire broke out downtown yesterday.
I wandered lonely in town last night.
He was happy when he lived in France.
She sang very well when she was young.
He used to smoke a lot.
Did you ever see a lion?

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: Th qu kh tip din

We, You, They, plural Noun

+ were

+ V ing

+O

He, She, It, I, Tn, Singular Noun

+ was

+ V ing

+O

 Din t mt hnh ng ang thc hin d dang trong qu kh ti mt thi im c cp

n. (at + thi gian + this morning / yesterday / last night, at the time).
Ex: This time last year I was living in Brazil.
Din t mt hnh ng ang din ra trong qu kh th c mt hnh ng khc xy ra.
S + was / were + V ing + O
While + S + was / were + V ing
Ex:

when S + V2 / V ed + O
+ O,

S + V2/ V-ed

+O

Yesterday, while we were having dinner, Tom phoned me.

6. PAST PERFECT TENSE: Th qu kh hon thnh

Subject

+ had + V3 / V ed

+ Object

Din t mt hnh ng xong trc hnh ng khc trong qu kh.

After + QKHT, QK

hoc QK + after + QKHT

Before QK, QKHT

hoc QKHT + before QK

Th qu kh hon thnh th i cp vi th qu kh n.
Ex:

We had finished dinner by the time you arrived.

When she got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
Din t mt kinh nghim chm dt trong mt thi gian qu kh.

Ex:

I knew that place well for I had often been there before.
Din t mt hnh ng vn tip tc n mt thi gian qu kh no ..

Ex:

He had been ill for 2 days when the doctor was sent for.

7. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: Th tng lai n.

I, We

+ will / shall + V1

He, she, it you, they

+ will

+O

+ V1 + O

Khi thy cc ch nh: Tomorrow, in 2010 , the day after tomorrow, next week, ta chia ng t
th tng lai. Th ny din t mt hnh ng, trng thi trong tng lai.
Ex:

We will complete our MBA program in 2012.

8. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENES: Th tng lai tip din.

S + will + be + V ing

+O
3

Din t mt hnh ng s ang din ra ti mt thi im trong tng lai theo s tng tng .
Ex: By this time next Sunday I will be swimming at the beach.
9. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: Th tng lai hon thnh
S + will / shall + have + V3 / V ed

+O

Din t mt hnh ng s c hon tt ti mt thi im trong tng lai theo s tng tng.
Ex: I intend to build this house in 3 months. I have built it for 2 months. So, I will have finished
it by next month.
10. THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE: Th tng lai gn.
Subject + is / am / are / + going + to + V1 + Object
Din t mt d nh hay mt vic chc chn s c thc hin trong tng lai.
Ex:

We are going to complete our MBA course next month.

PRACTICE: Fill in the blank with the correct tense of verb in brackets:
1. Buses

(pass) my house every day.

2. We

(live) here since 1990.

3. He always

(help) his father to plant the trees in the garden.

4. They
5. She

(ride) home from school now.

(fly) to New York tomorrow.

6. By the time next year, they

(buy) a new house.

7. They have kissed their mother before they

8. I

(leave) home for school.

(go) to Dalat last week and I have stayed there for five days.

9. She sometimes

( cut) her husbands hair.

10. They rarely

(remember) his address.

11. The boys

12. She doesnt work, she
13. We
14. Our teacher

(play) football in the field when I arrived.

(swim) now.
(give) her 100 thousand dong last night.
(teach) English at the moment.

15. We

(swim) in the sea by this time tomorrow.

16. She

(wash) the dirty plates in the kitchen with her mother.

17. When you phone him, he

(help) me to wash the car.

4

18. I usually go buy bus tomorrow I

19. She

(take) a taxi.

(see) him at the supermarket yesterday.

20. We

(eat) dinner before we came here.

21. They

(spend) all the money last Monday.

22. I

(go) to Ho Chi Minh city with my parents last week.

23. The police

(catch) two thieves in Bien Hoa last night.

24. We

(move) to Long Khanh in 1986.

25. Ann

(draw) ten pictures for me last year.

26. The manager didnt allow the actors to travel by air while they
27. The neighbors often
28. The Earth

(work) on film.

(complain) about the noise of this machine.

(go) round the Sun.

29. The Sun

(rise) in the East.

30. Water

(boil) at 100 centigrade degree.

31. What

you

32. Ann usually

(read) now?
(do) the shopping at the weekend but today I

(do) it.
33. He usually drinks tea but today he
34. While we

(drink) coffee.

(plant) trees, the principal came and talked to us.

35. You cant see Tom now, he

36. Ann

(have) a bath.

(make) a new dress for her mother at the moment.

37. I

(wear) the sunglasses today because the sun is very strong.

(go) in Toms car.

38. I usually go buy bus but tomorrow I

(not/tell) the secret if you dont promise.

39. I

40. The milk smells sour.

you

41.

(see) him before?

you ever

42. This message

43. We

(just, arrive).
(already, meet) our friends in the school yard.

44. Peter seldom

45. We

(work) in the garden. He often works in the office.

(understand) the lesson well after he had explained slowly.

46. He spoke very slowly so that we

47. We
48.
49. We
50. She

(keep) it for a long time?

(can) understand that.

(hear) a terrible noise on the street yesterday.

they

(go) to Dalat tomorrow morning.

(fish) for 5 hours.
(play) the piano when our guests

(arrive) last night.

5

(come) to see you since five oclock.

51. She

just

52.I

(come) as soon as my work is finished.

53. We

(not live) in London for the last two years.

54. They

(prepare) the Christmas dinner today.

55. John

(live) in the same house since he left school.

56. Our teacher

(tell) us yesterday that he

(visit) London

in 1990.
57. John

(work) at the university for 45 years before he

58. I

(lose) my key. Can you help me to look for it?

59. Alice and Peter

(retire).

(know) each other for 6 months.

60. My teacher wasnt at home. When I

(arrive) he

(just, go) out.

(get) there, Bobs plane

61.We went to the airport late. By the time we

(already, arrive).

62. We have been married for a long time. By the next anniversary, we

(be)

married for 43 years.

63. He

(come) and see you in ten minutes.

64. The doctor

(examine) the patients thoroughly before he

(prescribe) the medication.

65. Peter

(work) at the university for 45 years before he

(eat) breakfast at 8 oclock. He

66. Yesterday Tom

(already / finish) when he left for class at 8:45. He

he

(eat) breakfast before

(go) to class.

67. At 10 oclock tomorrow morning we

68. Next month they

(clean) the floor.

(be) here exactly 6 months.

69. How long

they

70. Your teacher

71. Why

(retire).

(live) here?
(wait) for you since 7:30.

you

(not/finish) this letter yet?

72. I found this ring while I

(dig) hole in the garden.

73. She

(buy) this house 3 years ago.

74. We

(meet) my parents at the airport tomorrow afternoon.

75. Why

you

76. My father
77. He

(go) to Vung Tau last week?

(move) to Nha Trang next month.

(phone) his girlfriend at the moment.

78. I wonder how many people

(be) here next week?

6

79. He

(take) the bus to Ho Chi Minh city every day.

80.

you

(interview) Miss World tomorrow?

81. After they had finished their work, they

(go) home at once.

82. He

(not/go) to school because tomorrow is Sunday.

83. He

(can) play piano when he was 8 years old.

(just/come) back from my uncles farm.

84. We

85. The banks open at 8 oclock and

86. After John

(close) at four thirty.

(wash) his clothes, he began to study.

87. George

(wait) for an hour before the bus came.

88. Jane sent a letter to her university after she

(receive) her scholarship.

89. Look! The train

(come).

90. Be careful! Our teacher

(look) at you.

91. Be quiet! Her baby

(sleep).

92. Tom

(do) his homework when I visited him last night.

93. Hurry up! The bus

(come).

94. That man

(suffer) from the heart disease for many years.

95. She

(go) to supermarket twice a week.

96. Last night, I(1.walk) along the street when I(2.realize) that a
man with a black beard, whom I(3.see) three times already that afternoon,
..

(4.follow)

me.

I..(5.be)

very

worried,

and

at

last

I.(6.stop) and asked him why he..(7.follow) me. The man apologized
and told me he(8.mistake) me for one of his friends.
97. Yesterday morning, when I...(1.arrive) at the airport, Sophie.(2.wait)
for me. She.(3.wear) a pink dress and..(4.look) very pretty.
98.

Yesterday

Ann

introduced

me

to

her

husband.

As

..(see)

him,

I.(know) that I(meet) him before we went to primary school together.

99. When she(go) out of the house this morning, she ..(take) her umbrella
because it..(rain).
100. Sally is a writer. She (1)

(write) several novels, and (2)

(win)

several a wards for her books. A few years ago, she (3)

(win) the prize for most

promising author of the year. At the moment, she (4)

(write) a detective story.

101. In the evenings I often play chess with my next door neighbor. I (play). chess
with him ever since I (come)..to live here ten years ago. He (be). here
all his life; he (inherit) the house from his father, another great chess player.
7

- You ever (play) chess with the father?

- We (play)once or twice but he (die) a
year after I (arrive).
102. Mary had to go to New York last week, but she almost(1)(miss) the
plane. She.(2)(stand) in the queue at the check-in desk when she
suddenly..(3)..(realize) that she.(4).leave) her
passport at home. Fortunately, she..(5)(not/live) very far from the airport, so
she ..(6).(have) time to take a taxi home to get it.
1.

A. missed

B. was missing

C. had missed

D. had been missing

2.

A. stood

B. had stood

C. was standing

D. had been standing

3.

A. was realizing

B. realized

C. had realized

D. would realize

4.

A. was leaving

B. left

C. had left

D. would leave

5.

A. hadnt lived

B. hasnt lived

C. isnt living

D. doesnt live

6.

A. has

B. had

C. had had

D. has had

PART II: PHRASES AND CLAUSES

1. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
1. Mc d, cho d, bt lun, d th no:
Though / Although
Even though

+ S + V + (O),

SVO

Even if / Much us
Clause of concession
(OR Main clause
Ex:

main clause
+

Clause of concession)

Although the team played well, they lost.

Even though the play received good notices, a few people went to see it.
Much as I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.

Ch MUCH AS thng i vi cc ng t nh like, dislike, approve, admire, enjoy,

sympathize.
2.
Subject + verb + object, BUT / YET / NEVERTHELESS + main clauses (SVO)
Ex: I am very hungry, but I dare not to eat much.
3.
Despite
In spite of

possessive adjective + noun / V-ing,

For all

(Phrase)

main clauses
(SVO)

Notwithstanding
Ex:

Despite their playing well, they lost.

In spite of good notices, a few people went to see it.
For all his wealth and fame, hes a very lonely man.
Notwithstanding her bad behavior, we love and forgive her.

4.

Ex:

Past participle
Although he is old, he still manages to enjoy life.
(V3 / V-ed) + As / Though + subject + verd, main clauses

Ex:

Adjective
Although he is old, he still manages to enjoy life.

(SVO)
9

Old as he is, he still manages to enjoy life.

Even though you are bored to death, you have to continue to life.
Bored though you are to death, you have to continue to live.
5.
Whatever = It doesnt matter what / which = It makes no difference which
= No matter what + Noun: Bt lun g i na th
Whoever = It doesnt matter who = It makes no difference who = No matter who
Whenever = No matter when: D lc no i na, bt lun khi no th
However = No matter how + Adjective: D th no i na
Try as + Adj + as I might = No matter how I tried: D ti c gng n my i na

Ex:

Try as hard as I might, I cant lift this metal box.

D cho ti c gng my i na th ti cng khng th nng ni ci hp kim loi
ny.
EXERCISE

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first sentence.
1. If you like, you can eat everything. (whatever)
You can ............................................................................................................................
2. Take what kinds of measures you consider best. (whatever)
Take

.............................................................................................................................

3. No matter what you say, I wont believe you

Whatever ..........................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
4. No matter how hard I tried, I couldnt open the door
However ...........................................................................................................................
Hard as .............................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
Try as hard as ...................................................................................................................
5. No matter what your problems are difficult, you have no right to o that.
Whatever ..........................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
Difficult as .......................................................................................................................
However ...........................................................................................................................
10

6. No matter what kinds of difficulties you have, you should study well.
Whatever ..........................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
7. However much I like the job, I still wish to earn more.
No matter how..................................................................................................................
Much as ............................................................................................................................
In spite of .........................................................................................................................
8. However much ill children are, they still try to smile.
No matter how..................................................................................................................
Ill as

..............................................................................................................................

In spite of .........................................................................................................................
9. In spite of his illness, he goes to school every day.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
No matter how..................................................................................................................
10. You can use it as long as you like, it has no problem.
No matter how..................................................................................................................
Long as .............................................................................................................................
Although ..........................................................................................................................
11. Although it rains heavily, we go to school.
Despite ............................................................................................................................
Heavy as the .....................................................................................................................
No matter how heavy .......................................................................................................
12. In spite of his trying, he couldnt pass the exam.
Although ..........................................................................................................................
Try as ..............................................................................................................................
Hard as he ........................................................................................................................

11

2. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON

1.

FORM:
S+V +O+

Because / Since / As + S + V + O

Main clauses

Subordinate Clauses

S + V + O + BECAUSES OF

+ The / His / Her + Adj + N

Main clauses

DUE TO

V-ing + O
Phrase

2.

USES:

Mnh ch l do c bt u bng mt trong nhng lin t sau: AS, SINCE,

BECAUSE, FOR.

Ex:

Why do you study English?

I study English because / as / since it is necessary for my future.

AS and SINCE are used when the reason is already known to the listener or
hearer.

AS and SINCE Clauses often come at the beginning of sentence.

Ex:

As its raining again, well have to stay at home.

Since he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off.

BECAUSE puts more emphasis on the reason, and most often introduces new

information which is not known to the listener.

Khi l do l phn rt quan trng ca cu th khng th dng AS hoc SINCE.

Ex:

Why are you leaving? Im leaving because Im fed up.

FOR cng gii thiu thng tin mi. Ch FOR khng bao gi ng u cu.

N thng xut hin gia cu v sau du hoc du phy.

Ex: I decided to stop and have lunch for I was feeling hungry.

3. WHY questions and Clauses of Reason:

is/ am / are
was / were
WHY + will / shall / may / can. + Subject + (main verb) + (Object)?
have / has / had
do / does / did
12

Ex1: He is going to the post office because he wants to send some letters.

Why is he going to the post office?

Ex2: We went without him because he wasnt here.

Why did you go without him?

EXERCISE
I. Rewrite these sentences using BECAUSE OF:
1. They didnt come to your party because they had a meeting.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. He was punished because he talked during the class- hour.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. She doesnt want to have dinner because she feels very tired now.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. We didnt go to Vung Tau because it rained heavily.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. The train couldnt continue to go because the fog was so thick.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. We postponed our trip to Dalat because the weather was too bad.
.............................................................................................................................................
7. She was absent yesterday because her father was ill.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. We dont buy that car because we havent got enough money.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. I am very disappointed because my students are very lazy.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. These people have to live in the cottages because they are so poor.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. All the students respect the principal because he is very kind.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. Because he behaves badly, he is punished by his father.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. My parents are happy because I get good marks at school.
.............................................................................................................................................
13

14. The chairman was pleased because he was cheered by the crowd.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. They dont buy that house because it is too old. (n, a)
.............................................................................................................................................
16. He was here yesterday because he wanted to meet his father.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. They didnt come here on time because they started so lately.
.............................................................................................................................................
18. These people are homeless because the fire burnt their house.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. Because he didnt prepare the lesson well, he failed that exam.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. Because the sea is rough, we cant go fishing.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. His parents are pleased because he is a pious (hiu tho) child.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. We like him because he is kind to everyone.
.............................................................................................................................................
23. Loan stayed at home because her mother was sick.
.............................................................................................................................................

14

3. PHARSES AND CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

1. So that + clause (S + can / could / would + V1 + O) dng din t mc ch: m

Ex

S+V +O

+ SO THAT

+ CLAUSE

Main clause

IN ORDER THAT (S + can/could/will/would + (not) V1 + O)

I study hard so that I can pass this exam = I study hard for this exam.
These soldiers risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.

2. To infinitive phrase c dng din t mc ch ca hnh ng ca ch ng.

Ex:

The bank receives money. It wants to keep it safe.

The bank receives money to keep it safe.
TO
S

V +

O + IN ORDER (not) TO + Infinitive + O

SO AS (not) TO

Ex1: We write these letters SO THAT we send them to our friends.

Ex2: She drinks orange juice IN ORDER THAT she isnt thirsty.
Ex3: He has a mountain of homework TO DO.
3. Subject + need / want + object + to infinitive: cn
Need to be + V-ed / V3 = Need + V-ing: Cn phi c
Ex:

I need a typewriter to type this contract.

This car needs to be repaired = This car needs repairing.

4. For + V-ing / Noun cng c dng din t mc ch.

Ex: He decided to put his money in a bank for safekeeping.

EXERCISE
Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using TO, SO AS
TO, IN ORDER TO where necessary:
1. I am buying paint. I want to paint my hall door. (To / so that)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
15

2. He opened the lions cage. He intended to feed the lions. (in order to / in order that)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
3. She has a box. She wants to put her savings in it. (so as to / so that)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
4. He rushed into the burning house. He wanted to rescue the child. (in order to)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
5. They got up very early. They wanted to get the top of the hill before sunrise.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
6. She rang the bell. She wanted to tell us that dinner was ready.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
7. I sent him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his marks with the Headmaster.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. He fixed a metal ladder to the wall below the window. He wanted to escape from fire.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. The government evacuated the habitants from the danger zone. They wanted to reduce
the risk.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. I am learning Chinese. I want to work for a Chinese company.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. We are saving up. We want to buy a new house.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. He coughed. He intended to warn them that he was coming.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. The workmen left red lights near the hole. They wanted to warn motorists.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. They sent their children to their aunts house. They wanted to have some peace.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. The town council has forbidden coal fires. They are trying to keep the air clean.
.............................................................................................................................................
16

16. They employed a detective. They wanted to learn what I did in the evenings.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. The boys are collecting the wood. They intend to put them on the fire. (b them)
.............................................................................................................................................
18. His mother sent him to the U.S.A. She wanted him to study computer.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. He left his rifle outside. He didnt want to frighten his wife.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. Mrs. White read only for short periods each day. She didnt want to strain her eyes.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. We must keep our gloves on. We dont want to get frost-bitten.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. I took off my shoes. I didnt want to make any noise.
.............................................................................................................................................
23. he was playing softly. He didnt want to disturb anyone.
.............................................................................................................................................
24. We put bars on the lower windows. We didnt want anyone to climb in.
.............................................................................................................................................
25. He killed that woman. He wanted nobody to know why she died.
.............................................................................................................................................
26. He wears a false beard. He doesnt want anybody to recognize him.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

17

4. CLAUSES OF RESULT
1. TOO TO: Qu n ni khng th
S + V + TOO + Adj + (For me / him / her / you / us / them) to V1 + (O)

Ex:

The tea is too hot for me to drink.

2. ENOUGH TO:
S + V + Adj + ENOUGH + (For me / him / her / you / us / them) to V1 + (O)

Ex:

The man is not strong. He cant run far.

The man is not strong enough to run far.

3. SO THAT: Qu n ni
Subject + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + Subject + can / cant + V1 + Object

Ex:

I am very weak. I cant lift this metal box.

I am so weak that I cant lift this metal box.

4. SUCH THAT:
S + V + SUCH (a / an) + adjective + Noun + THAT + S + (can / cant) + V1 + Object

Ex1:

It is such a bad film that many people go out of the cinema.

Ex2:

That was such an exciting match that it pleased a large number of fans.

EXERCISE
Use TOO.. TO, ENOUGH TO, SO THAT or SUCH THAT to combine the
following pairs of sentences.
1. She is very short. She cant win the Miss Worlds diadem
She is too .............................................................................................................................
18

She isnt tall enough............................................................................................................

She is so ..............................................................................................................................
She is such...........................................................................................................................
2. Tea is very hot. I cant drink it.
Tea is too .............................................................................................................................
Tea is not enough.. (warm)
Tea is so ..............................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
3. This cars very expensive. I cant buy it.
This car is too ......................................................................................................................
This car is not enough (cheap)
This car is so .......................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
4. That metal box is very heavy. He cant carry it.
That metal box is too...........................................................................................................
That metal box is not enough.. (light)
That metal box is so ............................................................................................................
Is it such ..............................................................................................................................
5. The ceiling very high. She cant touch it.
The ceiling is too .................................................................................................................
The ceiling is not. enough (short)
The ceiling is so ..................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
6. This shirt is very old. She shouldnt wear it.
This shirt is too....................................................................................................................
This shirt is not enough. (new)
This shirt is so .....................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
7. They are so busy. They cant help you.
They are too ........................................................................................................................
They are is not

enough. (free)

They are so ..........................................................................................................................

These are such .....................................................................................................................
8. He is too tired. He cant walk with you.
19

He is too ..............................................................................................................................
He is not.. enough. (strong)
He is so ................................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
9. They are to hungry. They cant work.
They are too ........................................................................................................................
They are not.. enough.. (full)
Those are such.....................................................................................................................
10. They are very poor. They cant buy a big house.
They are too ........................................................................................................................
They are so ..........................................................................................................................
These are such .....................................................................................................................
11. The soup is very sweet. We cant eat it.
The soup is too ....................................................................................................................
The soup is so......................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
12. The music is so loud. We cant bear it.
The music is too ..................................................................................................................
The music is to ....................................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
13. This exercise is so difficult. We cant do it.
This exercise is too..............................................................................................................
This exercise is not.. enough.
This exercise is so ...............................................................................................................
It is such ..............................................................................................................................
14. They are very rich. They can buy two cars.
They are.. enough.
They are so ..........................................................................................................................
These are such .....................................................................................................................

20

5. RELATIVE CLAUSES
1. For Person: Who (Thay cho danh t v i t: I, we, you, they, he, she, it, N)
Whom (thay cho object: me, us, you, him, her, them, it, N)
Whose (thay cho adjective possessive: my, our, your, his, her, its)
That ( thay cho subject or object)
Ch That c th thay th cho Who khi n i sau cc ch: all, everyone, everybody,
no one, nobody, and whose.
Ex:

This is the man who met me last week.

She is the excellent student whom we need to praise.
I saw some people whose motorbikes have broken down.
The woman that lives next door is very beautiful.
Everyone who/ that knew him liked him.

Trong li hnh vn trang trng th ch That khng th thay th cho Whom khi ng
t c mt gii t i trc danh t hoc i t.
2. For Things: Which, That (subject or object), Of which, with which, in which, (=
whose: instead of things and animals), Upon which, on which, about which (thay th
cho danh t hoc i t lm tc t).
Ex:

That is the house which my parents bought in 1995.

The bed that I slept in last night wasnt very comfortable.
The beb in which I slept last night wasnt very comfortable.
Its the problems of which we are thinking.
This is the amount of money upon which he depends to do his research.

3. For Place: where, in which (thay cho ch: here, there, in + Noun of place).
Ex:

This is the house where we have been living since 1980.

This is the house in which we have been living since 1980.

4. For Time: When (thay cho cm t: at the time, the day, in + season, then)
Ex:

This is the time when we should act.

I met Jane in January when she left for America.

5. For cause: Why (thay th cho cm t: for that reason).

Ex: That is the reason why he didnt want to coordinate with you.
Notes:
Defining relative clause is written without commas.
21

 Non-defining relative clause is separated by too commas and it can be left.

That is not used here.
Ex:

Her sons, both of whom are living in Australia, phone her every week.
I picked up the apples, some of which were ripened well.

Non-defining relative clause is used after proper name, this, that, these, those,
adjective possessive, the name of sports, noun + prepositional phrase.
It + be + Noun / Pronoun + Defining relative clause: Chnh l ngi m
Khng bao gi c t i t quan h sau cc i t nhn xng.

EXERCISE
I. Fill in the blank with the proper relative pronoun: (Who, whom, which, whose)
1. Let me see all the letters
2. The boy

you have written.

is standing near the machine is Tom.

3. I know the place

roses grow a lot.

4. The woman

is wearing the blue hat is my aunt.

5. The man

you want to meet has just left.

6. The magazine

you lend me is very interesting.

7. I met the woman

husband is the headmaster.

8. We visited the school

my father taught 2 years ago.

9. It was the first time

I spoke to him.

10. 1960 was the year

the revolution took place.

11. Dr. Fleming

discovered penicillin was a Nobel Prize winner for

medicine in 1945.
12. The things

he is talking about are strange to me.

13. They will move to the house

14. The painting

is being built near the station.

he has just bought is very expensive.

15. My friends are reading picture books

were borrowed from library.

16. She is looking for the students

lost their bicycles.

17. They spent some days with a businessman

company

imported

coffee from VN.

18. I dont understand the questions

she asks me.

19. They are waiting for the man

motorbike is found near my house.

20. New York is the only city

he

visited

when

he

came

to

America.
22

21. The woman

daughter is my friend is a famous singer.

22. You should go to the national library

you can find various kinds of

books.
23. I never forget the bus stop
24. The team

I first met her.

scores more goals wins the match.

25. Peter kept talking about lion-tamer

he admires a lot.

26. That is the car

took us to Da Lat.

27. It is the house

we have lived since 1990.

28. The post office is the building

windows are green.

29. I wish we had a garden

we can play football.

30. She hasnt got any brooms

she can use to sweep the floor.

31. The fifth man

was interviewed was unsuitable for this job.

32. Neil Armstrong was the first man

walked on the moon.

33. I have just come back from Ha Noi

34. Spring is the time

I was born.

flowers blossom beautifully.

35. We havent got anybody

we can go with.

36. Lady Astor was the first woman

took her seat in Parliament.

37. He didnt accept the idea

they told him.

38. She is very rude to the people

she talks to.

39. This is building

our family have lived since 1998.

40. Please tell me the reason

you didnt come here last night.

II. Combine the pair of sentences by using the relative pronouns:

1. It is the first idea. It comes to my mind.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. They should go to Da Lat in January. The weather is very good for their then.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. Mrs. Brown is the only woman. He wants to meet her.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. The man is very young. You are driving his car.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. Tom has been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. Show me the thing. You are keeping it in your hand.
23

.............................................................................................................................................
7. We live near this river. We can swim in that river.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. Here are some accounts. You have to check these accounts.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. You cant enjoy hiking in winter. Snow covers everything in winter.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. Well take you to Da Lat. You can enjoy fresh air there.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. Do they meet the boy? He broke their window.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. The woman is preparing lunch for everyone. They want to see her.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. That is the lake. I went swimming in that lake.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.
.............................................................................................................................................
16. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. The woman is a secretary. We are waiting for her.
.............................................................................................................................................
18. He has just gone to Mr. Lams house. There is a party there today.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. I saw several house. Some of them were uncomfortable.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. Do you remember the day? We had a class discussion on books then.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. I listen to music late at night. The children have gone to bed at the time.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. We first met in 1945. The revolution took place then.
.............................................................................................................................................

24

III. Replace the relative clause by an infinitive or infinitive phrase:

1. We have a river in which we could swim.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. Tom is lonely. Tom would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. If I had a family that I had to cook for Id be more interested.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. We had some exercise that we must do now.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. They had no chairs which they could sit on.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. He was the first man who left the burning house.
.............................................................................................................................................
7. You are the last person who saw her alive.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. My brother is the only one who realized the danger.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. I was the only person who saw the difficulties.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. There are many exercises that we have to finish before 6 a.m
.............................................................................................................................................
11. There is a good hotel where we can stay tonight.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. The mistakes which you have to correct are very important.
.............................................................................................................................................
13. There is an old house that we can buy in this district.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. He was the only student who got the highest grade in the school.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. This English course which you have to attend is very necessary for your future.
.............................................................................................................................................
16. This is the best book which has been sold in this book-store.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. The vegetables which are sold in the shop are grown without chemicals.
25

.............................................................................................................................................
18. He was the second man who was killed in this area.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. The book which is put on the table has just been bought by my father.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. This is the eightieth car which is made in that factory.
.............................................................................................................................................

6. IF CLAUSES
1. Type 1: Real in present or future
is / am / are
IF + S +

V1

will
+ O,

S+

shall + V1

V-s / es

can

dont / doesnt V1

must

+ O

please V1 + O
simple present tense

Ex:

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.

If you study hard, you can pass this exam easily
If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread and meat.
If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted. (i hng)

2. Type 2: Unreal in present of future

Were
IF + S +

Ex:

V-ed + O,

would
S +

should + V1 + O

V2

could

didnt V1

might

If I were you, I would love her

If I had a lot of money, I could buy five new cars. (but I have no money now)
If you tried again, you might succeed.
26

3. Type 3: Unreal in the past

would
IF + S + had V ed / V3 + O, S + should + have V ed / V3 + O
P.P

could
might

Ex:

If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life.
If my documents had been in order, I could have left at once.

4. If + subject + auxiliary can be replaced by inversion of auxiliary and subject with

if omitted.
Ex:

Were I Tom I would refuse.

Had you obeyed orders this disaster wouldnt have happened.
Should you require anything, think carefully before telling me.

5. UNLESS = IF. NOT : Nu. khng.

Ex:

If you dont study harder, you wont pass this exam.

Unless you study harder, you wont pass this exam.
Unless you had a letter of recommendation you couldnt get a job.

6. OR WILL: Nu khng th.s b..

Ex:

You have to hurry up or you will be late for school.

You need to wear your warm clothes or you will get cold.

EXERCISE
I. Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. Mr. Harry..(help) you if you want.
2. If my friend(be) here now, he would help me.
3. If I(make) that mistake again, my father will get angry with me.
4. We wouldnt understand Miss Lee if she. (speak) too fast.
5. What.you.(do) if you were a famous actor?
6. .you..(lend) me the money if you get your check?
7. The teacher..(be) always happy if his students study hard.
8. If I.(be) a spaceman, I would take a space trip to the moon.
9. Please dont disturb him if he (be) busy.
27

10. If you (go).. way, please write to me.

11. I.. (tell) you the answer if I knew it myself.
12. We would play football if the weather(be) fine.
13. Will you help me if I.(need) you?
14. If this room were large enough, we.(put) a bookcase here.
15. If he(be) here, he would help us.
16. If you had been there yesterday, you (have) a lot of fun.
17. If there were a fairy here, he.(give) us many wishes.
18. If he came in time, my teacher..(not, punish) him.
19. If I had a type write, I (type).. it myself.
20. You could make better progress if you (attend)..class regularly.
21. If I (know)..his telephone number, I would give it to you.
22. If he (eat).. another cake, he will be sick.
23. His parents (be).very happy if he worked hard.
24. He could get a job easily if he (have) a degree.
25. If he (study) hard, he can pass the exam.
26. Rice plants (grow). well if there is enough rain.
27. He might get fat if he (stop). smoking.
28. I (not do)..that if I were you.
29. It will be impossible for me to finish my work if you (not cease).this
chatter.
30. If he (take).. my advice, everything can go well.
31. What.you (do).if you found a burglar in your house.
32. If he (not hurry), she may be late.
33. Tell him to ring me if you (see)..him.
34. What.you (do).if she refuses your invitation?
35. If today (be).Sunday, we would go to the beach.
36. They (make). Fewer mistakes if they were more careful.
37. I could understand the French if she (speak) more slowly.
38. If we (invite) her, she might go dancing with us.
39. These plants will die if you (not water) them.

28

PART III: VERB FORM

BARE INFINITIVE, GERUND or INFINITIVE
1. Verbs followed by Bare infinitive:
Let + (Obj)
Make + (Obj)
Would rather (not)
Had better (not)
Can / could
Will / would
Shall / should

Bare infinitive (V1)

May / might
Ought to
Be able to
Be going to
Need to
Neednt
Have to / must
Have + somebody
Do / does / did
Used to
Ex:

Let me see.
The clown made us laugh a lot
Youd rather not behave like that
You neednt photo this report.
He used to smoke heavily but now he is a nonsmoker.

2. Verbs followed by TO infinitive:

Subject + WOULD LIKE +

TO infinitive + Object
Noun

Ex:

I would like a cup of tea, please.

Would you like to drink coffee? Yes, please./ No, thank you.
Would you like to go to the shops with me?
29

Mt s ng t thng c theo sau bi TO infinitive:

Attempt

agree

ask

arrange

Aim

appear

choose

claim

Be (phi)

beg

decline

decide

Demand

declare

determine

expect

Fail

forget

hesitate

remind

Hope

learn

manage

offer

Plan

prepare

promise

prove

Intend

refuse

seem

Tend

tell

want

volunteer

3. Verbs followed by Gerund:

Subject + LIKE + noun.
V-ing + (object)

Ex:

She doesnt like eating out.

Do you like fishing? No, I dont. I like boating.
Does he like a big breakfast?

Mt s ng t c theo sau bi Gerund

To be used to

to be worth

to be no good

to be no use

Theres no point in

what the point of

cant stand / help

cant bear

Avoid

admit

consider

delay

Deny

detest

dislike

like

Dread

enjoy

escape

fancy

Finish

forgive

hate

imagine

Keep

love

mean

miss

Mind

postpone

practice

permit

Remember

resist

regret

risk

Stop

start

suggest

object to

preposition (in, on, of, about)

Quit

4. Verbs followed by Gerund or To infinitive:

a. Regret, remember, forget

+ V-ing: nh lm ri
+ To infinitive: nh m lm

Ex:

I regret spending so much money.

30

We regret to inform you that you have failed this exam.

I didnt forget to clock the door (= I locked the door)
I forgot clocking the door and left you inside.
If you go out, remember to post these letters.
Do you remember clocking the door before leaving home?
b. Advise, allow, permit, recommend

+ obj + to infinitive
+ V-ing

My parents dont allow me to go out at night.

Ex:

They dont allow going into that room.

I am not allowed to go out at night.
c. Stop

+ to Inf: dng li lm g
+ V-ing: b lun, ngh lun

Ex:

He stops to smoke but the wind is so strong.

He cant do it.
My father stopped

(smoke) 2 years ago.

To Inf (c gng lm g )

d. Try

V-ing (th lm kim tra, th nghim)

Ex:

(keep) my eyes open but I couldnt.

I was very tired. I tried

I had a terrible headache and I tried

(take) an aspirin but it didnt

help.
5. HAVE: Causative form and purpose
have / has
had
Subject + be having

somebody + V1
something + V3 / V ed

will have

Ex:

We have a porter carry our luggage this morning.

We have our luggage carried by a porter this morning.
Subject + have / has + something + to V1 . (c vic g phi lm)

Ex:

A: Would you like to go out for a drink tonight?

B: Sorry, I cant. I have a lot of homework to do this evening.
31

EXERCISE
Put the correct form of the verb in the parentheses.
1. He made me

(do) it all over again.

2. He wants me

(go) with him.

3. I prefer

(drink) tea to coffee.

4. She can

(sing) quite well.

5. Would you like

(go) now or shall we

6. After

(wait) till the end?

(hear) that sorry, we dare not to go out.

7. I used to

(live) in a caravan.

8. We enjoy

(go) on a trip with our classmates.

9. You ought

(go) today.

10. You neednt

(say) anything.

11. I dont mind

12. May I

(wait) for you.

(use) your telephone?

13. They refused

(help) me when I asked them.

14. Please let me

(know) your decision.

15. It is easy

(be) wise after that event.

16. You seem

(know) this area well.

17. I advise her

(start)

(look) for a flat at once.

18. They dont allow

(smoke) in the meeting room.

19. I cant stand her

(behave) like that.

20. I tried

(persuade) him

21. You are too young

(agree) with my project.

(ride) motorbike.

22. Before

(give) evidence, you must

23. It is nice

(see) you again.

(swear).

24. My parents allowed me

(go) with you.

25. We are fed up with

(do) the same work everyday.

26. He is strong enough

(lift) this metal box.

27. I intend
28. I have a mountain of work
29. I cant help
30. It is very kind of you
31. They keep
32. Do you remember

(visit) him.
(do).
(sneeze) because I caught a cold.
(say) so.
(talk) about the animal performances.
(buy) me a box of colored pencils?
32

33. We arrange

(meet) them here.

34. I hate

(listen) to Rap music.

35. He wore dark glasses to avoid

36. Would you mind

(be) recognized.
(close) the windows?

37. I wish

(see) the Queen.

38. He stopped

(smoke) two years ago.

39. We cant find the place where

(park) the car.

40. She told me

(follow) her.

41. He insisted on

(see) the documents.

42. Ask him

(come) in, please.

43. They succeeded in

(escape) from the burning house.

44. The man began

(fire).

45. The flight attendant reminded us

46. This bag is worth

(fasten) the belts.

(buy).

47. Im looking forward to

(hear) from you soon.

48. There is no point in

(go) by car when we cant find the parking place.

49. Be careful of

(speed) cars when you cross the street.

50. We had better

(meet) him this afternoon.

51. Youd rather

(not / go) out at midnight.

52. It is difficult for foreigners to get used to

53. In England

(eat) with chopsticks.

(drive) on the right-hand side of the road is illegal.

54. Sometimes Americans are said

( be) superficially friendly.

55. A lot of smokers want to quit

(smoke).

56. She is very keen on

(play) tennis.

57. Americans tend

(be) informal in get-together.

58. You have to study harder

59. Mary will have

(keep) pace with your classmates.

(go) to New York next week.

60. My brother gave up

(drink) beer 2 years ago.

61. Are you accustomed to

(get) up early?

62. We have Mary

63.

(clean) and iron our clothes.

(smoke) is harmful to your health.

64. Seeing is
65. I have no objection to
66. Touch your toes without

(believe)
(hear) your story again.
(bend) your knees.
33

67. Id hate

(live) beside a volcano when it started

(erupt)
68. Even lazy people would rather

(work) than starve.

69. They paused on the steps

(look) at the beautiful garden.

70. He spent most of his time

(work) in the garden.

71. Why does he detest

(write) letters?

72. We are willing

73. Its no use

(check) our work.

(help) him, is it?

*****

34

PART IV: REPORTED SPEECH

1. ng t phn tng thut khi chia th hin ti n hay tng lai n th ch thay
i cc i t v tnh t s hu cho ph hp vi ch t v ng t ca phn tng thut.
Cc th ca ng t ca cu trong ngoc kp khng thay i.
Im trying to get a taxi, Tom says to Mary.

Ex:

Tom tells Mary that he is trying to get a taxi.

2. The reporting verbs: say, tell, ask, suggest, warn (cnh bo), remark (nhn xt),
advise, know, order (ra lnh), be afraid, hope, be sure, be sorry
Ex:

He said, I have lost my umbrella.

He said that he had lost his umbrella.
The police said to the tourist, You must be careful with your valuables.
The police warned the tourist to be careful with their valuables.

3. Nu Reporting Verbs chia qu kh th ng t ca cu trong ngoc kp thay i nh

sau:
is / am / are

was / were

have / has

had

V1 / -s / -es

V2 / V ed

V2 / V ed

had V3

Can

could

i i t nhn xng: Ngi 1 i theo Subj

May

might

she / he / I

Will

would

My

her / his / my

Shall

should

Me

her / him / me

Must

had to

We

they

Dont / doesnt

didnt

Our / us

their / them

Cc i t nhn xng v tnh t s hu ngi th ba khng i: he, him, his, she, her,
they, them, their.
YOU v YOUR i theo ngha ca tc t.
Ch nh hn t (demonstrative determiners) v trng t ch thi gian (Adverbs of time)
thay i nh sau:
This

that

These

those

Here

there
35

Today

that day

Yesterday

the day before, the previous day

Tomorrow

the next day, the following day

Now

then

Next week

the following week

Last month

the previous month

A year ago

a year before

The day before yesterday

two days before

The day after tomorrow

in two days time

4. Cc loi cu:

a. SVO, svo
b. V1 + O, PLEASE, svo

svo to V1 + O (b ch Please, Said to

c. DONT + V1 + O, please, svo

d. Yes no question?, svo.

svo that SVO

svo not to V1

asked)

+ O. (b ch please)

svo if / whether + SVO.

(b Do / does th i V1 thnh V2 / V ed) ( b DID th i V1 thnh HAD V3 / V ed)

e. Wh- question?, SVO.

svo + Wh

+ SVO

(b Do / does th i V1 thnh V2 / V ed)

( b DID th i V1 thnh HAD V3 / V ed)

EXERCISE
Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. I have something to give you, I said to her.
2. Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun, she said.
3. I am going away tomorrow, mother he said.
4. I will go to Ho Chi Minh city, he said to me.
5. Ive been in England for 2 months, Peter said to me.
6. It isnt foggy today as it was yesterday, I remarked.
7. He said, My wife has just bought a new house.
8. Ill come with you as soon as I am ready, she said to me.
9. You can keep that book if you like it, Ann,, I said.
10. I know exactly what they said, he told me.
11. She said, My father will take me to Da Lat next week.
36

12. I had an English lesson this evening, said the small boy.
13. I wrote to him on Sunday, she said to me.
14. If you press this button, you can hear the songs, she said to me.
15. If you leave home at six, you should be here by nine, he said to me.
16. You should do very well at university, the headmaster said to us.
17. Open the safe immediately, please. The thief ordered the landlady.
18. Please do as I said, he told us.
19. He said, Get out of my way.
20. Please pay at the desk, said the assistant.
21. Lend me your pen for a moment, he asked me.
22. The secretary said, Please fill up this form.
23. Dont behave like that, Daisy, my mother said.
24. Dont argue with your parents, I said.
25. Dont go near the water, children, she said.
26. Did you play for your school team? said Bill.
27. Does she go shopping with you? he asked me.
28. Would you like to have lunch with me? he asked me.
29. Can you get there and come back home in one day? she said to me.
30. Have you seen the library? Ann asked him.
31. Are there any stadium near the school? they asked me.
32. Were your boys happy at school? I asked him.
33. Do you know this man? she said them.
34. Why dont you like pop music? he asked me.
35. Who do you want to meet? he said to me.
36. Why dont you fill up this form? The boss said to him.
37. How much milk did you buy? they asked me.
38. When does the plane arrive in New York? he asked her.
39. What country do you come from? said Lam.
40.Which team has won the previous match? I asked him.
41. Where were you last night, Peter? My father asked.
42. Whose car did you drive yesterday? I asked Jack.

37

PART V: PASSIVE VOICE

1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: Th hin ti n
Active:

I, We, You, They, Plural Noun + V1

+ O + R

He, she, it, Proper name, Singular Noun + V s / -es

Passive:
Ex:

S + is / am / are + V3 / V ed (P.P) + R

+ O

+ R

+ by O

Jane buys this book in Thu Duc.

This book is bought in Thu Duc by Jane.

2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: Th hin ti tip din.

Active:

Passive:
Ex:

+ am

We / you / they

+ are + V-ing + O + R

He / she / it / tn

+ is

S + have / has

+ been + P.P + R + by O

John is looking at the damaged car.

The damaged car is being looked at (by John.)

3. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: Th hin ti hon thnh.

Active:

Passive:

Ex:

I, We, You, They

+ have + P.P + O + R

He, she, it, tn

+ has

S + have / has

+ been + P.P + R + by O

The Smiths have built a new house near the river.

A new house near the river has been built (by the Smiths.)

4. PAST SIMPLE TENSE: Th qu kh n

Active:

S + V2 / V ed + O + R

Passive:

S + was / were + P.P + R + by O

38

Ex:

Jane wrote a letter to her family yesterday.

A letter was written by Jane to her family yesterday.

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: Th qu kh tip din

Active:

Passive:

Ex:

we, you, they, Ns

+ were + V-ing + O + R

I, he, she, it, tn

+ was

S + was / were + being + P.P + R + by O

The police were chasing the thief.

The thief was being chased by the police.

6. PAST PERFECT TENSE: Th qu kh hon thnh

Ex:

Active:

S + had + V3 / V ed + O + R

Passive:

S + had

+ been + V3 / V -ed

+ R + by O

We had eaten lunch before they arrived.

Lunch had been eaten (by us) before they arrived.

7. THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: Th tng lai n

Active:

I, We + shall / will + V1 + O + R
He, she, it, you, they + will

Passive:

Ex:

S + shall / will

+ be + V3 / V ed + R + by O

Bob and Kathy will buy a new car next month.

A new car will be bought by Bob and Kathy next month.
Modal verbs: can, could, may, might, would, should, must, have to, ought to, be able
to cng p dng cng thc ny.

Ex:

We cant repair this car (because it is too old.)

This car cant be repaired.
39

8.THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE: Th tng lai tip din

Ex:

Active:

S + will / shall + be + V-ing + O + R

Passive:

S + will / shall + be + being + V3 / V -ed + R + by O

The director will be seeing the new employees tomorrow.

The new employees will be being seen by the director tomorrow.

9. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: Th tng lai hon thnh

Ex:

Active:

S + will / shall + have + V3 + O + R

Passive:

S + will / shall + have + been + V3 / V ed + R + by O

I shall have met and interviewed 10 applicants for the job by lunch time.
10 applicants for the job will have been met and interviewed (by me) by lunch
time.

10. THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE: Th tng lai gn

Active: S + is / am / are + going + to V1 + O + R
Passive: S + is / am / are + going + to + be + V3 / V ed + R + by O

Ex:

The company is going to cut down the admin costs.

The admin costs are going to be cut down.

11. SOME SPECIAL FORMS OF PASSIVE VOICE:

Active:

People / they + believe / think / say / report + that SVO

Passive:

It is + believed / thought / said / reported + that SVO

S + be + believed / thought / said / reported + to V1 + O

Ex:

People believe that the governments savings policy will fail.

It is believed that the governments savings policy will fail.
The governments savings policy is believed to fail.

40

Ex:

Active:

V1 + O, please.

Dont V1 + O

Passive:

Let + O + be + V3 / V ed

S + be not to / mustnt + V1

Close your book, please.

Let your book be closed.

Ex:

Active:

It is ones (tnh t s hu) duty + to V1 + O

Passive:

S + be supposed + to V1 + O

It is your duty to go to work on time.

You are supposed to go to work on time.
Active:

have
S +

Passive:

+ V1

has

+ someone

had

+ something + V3 / V ed

be having

Ex:

I have the barber cut my hair.

I have my hair cut.

Ex:

Active:

S + hear / make / let / see / watch / help + O + V1

Passive:

S + be + hear / made / let / seen / helped + to V1

Active:

S + continue / begin + to V1 + O + R

Passive:

S + continue / begin + to be V3 / V -ed + R + by O

She makes me feel happy.

I am made to feel happy.
She continues to sing a song in her room.
A song continues to be sung in her room (by her).

41

EXERCISE
Put the transitive verbs into the passive voice. Do not mention the agent unless it seems
necessary.
1. The milkman / brings / the milk / to my door.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. People / steal / things / from supermarkets everyday.
.............................................................................................................................................
3. The men / sweep / this street / every day.
.............................................................................................................................................
4. An ambulance / takes / that sick man / to hospital.
.............................................................................................................................................
5. A carpenter / makes / this table / for us today.
.............................................................................................................................................
6. Women / are cleaning / the office / now.
.............................................................................................................................................
7. They / are polishing / the generals car.
.............................................................................................................................................
8. My father / is planting / trees / in the garden.
.............................................................................................................................................
9. They / are demolishing / the entire housing block.
.............................................................................................................................................
10. We / have bought / this house / since 1995.
.............................................................................................................................................
11. Peter / has sent / her / this gift.
.............................................................................................................................................
12. They havent stamped the letters.
42

.............................................................................................................................................
13. They have sold their car since 2000.
.............................................................................................................................................
14. He has built this building since we came here.
.............................................................................................................................................
15. The boys havent stamped their letters yet.
.............................................................................................................................................
16. She / left / her umbrella / in the cinema.
.............................................................................................................................................
17. He / didnt pay / me / for the work.
.............................................................................................................................................
18. She introduced me to her mother.
.............................................................................................................................................
19. Somebody stole 20 bottles of whisky from this shelf last week.
.............................................................................................................................................
20. The robbers killed 5 people on the road last month.
.............................................................................................................................................
21. They suggested allowing us to buy those house.
.............................................................................................................................................
22. You / must type / this report / carefully.
.............................................................................................................................................
23. They / will bring / letters / to the house.
.............................................................................................................................................
24. You / cant give / her / this book.
.............................................................................................................................................
25. He should leave these documents in the office.
43

.............................................................................................................................................
26. We shall build a new bridge here next year.
.............................................................................................................................................
27. A machine could do this work much more easily.
.............................................................................................................................................
28. Candidates may not use the dictionaries.
.............................................................................................................................................
29. You need not type this letter now.
.............................................................................................................................................
30. You must not move this man because he is too ill.
.............................................................................................................................................
31. Someone had picked my keys up in the street.
.............................................................................................................................................
32. They handed round the coffee and biscuits.
.............................................................................................................................................
33. You have to give the books back.
.............................................................................................................................................
34. He seems to have made a serious mistake.
.............................................................................................................................................
35. It is your duty to make tea at 7 oclock.
You are ................................................................................................................................
36. People know that he is a famous scientist.
It is ......................................................................................................................................
He is ....................................................................................................................................
37. They believe that Americans are superficially friendly.
It is ......................................................................................................................................
44

Americans are ....................................................................................................................

38. Dont touch that switch.
.............................................................................................................................................
39. You need to do this work.
.............................................................................................................................................
40. It is impossible to repair this machine.
.............................................................................................................................................
41. Well continue to use this computer.
.............................................................................................................................................
42. They began to plant rubber trees in this plantation.
.............................................................................................................................................
43. Employment is the most important thing to the youth today.
Employment is said .............................................................................................................
44. Open your book.
Let your ...............................................................................................................................
45. Dont say that silly sentence again.
Dont let ..............................................................................................................................
46. Dont let the other people see you
.............................................................................................................................................
47. His parents have made him work like a horse.
He ........................................................................................................................................
48. They suggested banning the sale of alcohol at football matches.
The sale ...............................................................................................................................
49. We considered that he was the best singer in this city.
He was .................................................................................................................................

45

PART VI: SUBJECT AND VEBR AGREEMENT

Plural verb form: ARE, WERE, HAVE, V1 (go, want,...)
Singular verb form: IS, WAS, HAS, Vs, Ves (goes, does, watches, loves, wants,...)
1. Hai danh t m c ni vi nhau bng ch AND th chia ng t s nhiu.
Countable Noun + and + Countable Noun
Ex:

Plural Verb

Book and Note-book are (be) put on the table.

Peter and Mary are playing chess.

2. Hai danh t khng m c ch cng mt mn n hoc 2 phrases ni vi nhau bng lin

t AND th chia ng t s t.
Uncountable Noun + and + Uncountable Noun
Phrase

Ex:

+ and + Phrase

Singular Verb
Singular Verb

Bread and milk is (be) delicious.

Early to bed and early to rise makes (make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

3. S m i trc ch POUNDS, KILOS, MILES, DAYS, MONTHS, WEEKS, YEARS

chia ng t dng s t.
Cardinal number + POUNDS, KILOS, MILES

Ex:

Singular Verb.

Ten pounds is (be) as much as I give you.

Four months is (be) a long time to wait.
It is (be) two miles to the station.

4. Ch cm t A number of hay The number of

A number of + Noun Plural Verb (V1)
The number of + Noun Singular Verb (V-s/-es)

Ex: A number of students were (be) absent yesterday.

The number of strudents is (be) limited to twenty.
46

5. Cc danh t ch bo ch, tn ring, tn phim, ta bi ht, ta tc phm, bnh, mn

hc, mc d tn cng l S nhng vn chia ng t dng ngi th ba s t.
Ex:

The Rock and Roll is (be) a famous music band.

The call of the wild is (be) written by Jack London.
Mathematics is (be) my favourise subject.
Tuberculosis is (be) an infectious disease.
AIDS is (be) a dangerous disease.
Here is (be) the 10 oclock news.
The United Nations consists (consist) of about 160 nations.

6. Phn s + danh t th ng t ha hp vi danh t ng lin ngay trc n.

Ex:

Three-fourths of the roof is (be) painted.

Two-fourths of apples are (be) yours.

7. ng t ha hp vi ch t th 2:
S1
+ or
+
S2
Either + S1 + or
+
S2
Neither + S1 + nor
+
S2
Not only + S1 + but also
+
S2
Some/half/most + of
+
N
A few/all/none + of
+
Ns
Both/many/several + of
+
Ns
No
+
N
8. ng t ha hp vi ch t th nht.

V
(Plural Noun + plural V)
(Singular Noun + singular V)

with
along with
S1 + ,

as well as

+S2, + Verb

accompanied by
together with

9. Each
Either
Neither
One

+ (of) + Noun/Ns + is/was/Vs/es

(Lun c theo sau bi ng t s t)
47

Every
Gerund (V-ing)
That clause
10. The adjective is used as a noun + Plural verb
Nationality
Ex:

+ plural verb

The Vietnamese people are hard-working.

The poor need to be helped by everyone.

11. Collective noun + plural verb (refer to the members)

(Danh t tp hp) + singular verb (refer to whole group)
Ex: This team plays/play very well.
His family is/are friendly.
A lot of cattle are grazing in the field.
12. The MAJORITY + singular verb
The MAJORITY of + Plural Noun + Plural Verb.
Ex: The majority believes that he is the richest man in the world.
The majority of students believe that she is a good teacher.

EXCERCISE
Give the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. Some of the money

(be) yours.

2. Most of the students

(be) absent today.

3. The Spanish

(be) brave.

4. Neither Tom nor I

(be) there last night.

5. The pens and papers

(be) on the table.

6. Bread and butter

(be) on what he asks for.

7. My old friends and classmate

8. John and his brothers

(live) near here.

(be) going to help me tomorrow.
48

9. Snow White and seven Dwarfs

10. Two thirds of the members

(be) an interesting story.

(be) present.

11. Many students

(find) Mary to inform her a good news.

12. Half of the money

(be) yours.

13. Either Peter or his sisters

(meet) you.

14. Neither teachers nor I

(be) in the hall.

15. Not only the girls but also Mary

(break) the glass of window.

16. The boy accompanied by his parents

(go) to school.

17. Four months

(be) a long time to wait.

18. The number of new books

(be) on the table.

19. A number of new books

(be) arranged on the shelves.

20. Bread and milk

(be) delicious.

21. Early to bed and early to rise

(make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

22. Ten pounds

(be) as much as I give you.

23. Two year

(be) along time to wait.

24. It

(be) two miles from here to the station.

25. A number of students

(be) absent yesterday.

26. The number of students

(be) playing football in the school yard.

27. The Rock and Roll

(be) a famous music band.

28. Three-fourths of the roof

(be) painted.

29. Two-fourths of apples

(be) yours.

30. Each of the students in the class

31. Mary with her parents
32. Physics

(like) classical music.

(be) her favorite subject.

33. The United States of American

34. The Vietnamese people

(study) English for six years.

(consist) of 50 states.
(be) very hard-working.
49

35. Athens

(be) the capital of Greece.

36. Measles

(be) an infectious disease.

37. Linguistics

(be) a subject which is taught in this university.

38. Two-thirds of the competitors

39. Twenty year

(be) present.
(be) not a long period of the time in human history.

40. A number of new books

(be) arranged on the shelves.

41. Five little pigs

(be) written by Christies.

42. Either she or her brother

(buy) this house.

43. Not only I but also Tom

(want) to go out at once.

44. Half of these apples

(be) yours.

45. The boys accompanied with their mother

46. Four pounds

(go) to school today.

(be) enough for me.

47. The number of guests

(stay) here tonight.

48. To study well and to get good marks

(be) our happiness.

49. The Smiths

(be) having dinner now.

50. Hunting

(be) forbidden these days.

51. Smoking

(be) harmful to your health.

52. Each of students

(have) to keep the class clean.

53. Neither of you

(be) absent today.

54. You are the only person who

55. It is these people who
56. All of salt
57. All of workers
58. Each of these trousers

(come) here lately.

(kill) him.
(be) carried to the highland.
(march) in the street.
(cost) 100 thousand dong.

59. A few of chickens

(be) killed in this month.

60. Several of you

(have) to plant these trees.

50

61. Fifty thousand dong

(be) too much to pay for that book.

62. That makes my parents happy

(be) my good marks at school.

63. A lot of vinegar

(be) used for making the mixed salad yesterday.

64. Peach and cream

(be) special food in the restaurant.

65. Neither my clothes nor my hat

(go) with your dress.

66. The package of cigarettes

67. Everybody

(be) on the table.

(have) a good time here,

68. Neither of the answers

(be) correct.

69. Forty miles on the road

(seem) like two hundred.

70. My motorbike together with their bicycles

71. The girls, as well as the boy,

(was/were) stolen.
(has/have) learnt to ride.

72. My father accompanied by my sister

(be) waiting over there.

73. The ship with its goods

(be) going to leave the port tonight.

74. Two pounds of coffee

(cost) about 50,000VDN.

75. The boys in the room

(be) studying.

76. The study of languages

(be) very interesting.

77. The actress, along with her friends,

(be) going to a party tonight.

78. John, along with 20 friends,

(be) planning a party.

79. The picture of the soldiers

(bring) back many memories.

80. The quality of these recordings

(be) not very good.

81. Living expenses in this city, as well as in many others,

(be) at an all-

time high.
82. If the duties of these officers

(be) not reduced, there wont be enough

time to finish the project.

83. Advertisements on TV

(be) becoming more competitive than ever before.

84. Something

(be) under the house.

85. Nobody

(work) harder than John does.

51

86. No problem
87. If either of you

(be) harder to solve than this one.

(take) a vacation now, we cant finish the work on

time.
88. None of the students

(have) finished the exam yet.

*****

52

PART VII: INVERSION

1. Questions:
is / am / are
was / were
WH- + will / shall / may / can + Subject + (main Verb) + (Object)?
have / has / had (th perfect)
do / does / did
(Auxiliaries)
Auxiliaries
Auxiliary + Subject
+ (V) + Object?

Ex:

What are you looking for?

Why do you to study English?
Has your father arrived?
Are you reading the magazine?

2. Exclamations:
Ex:

Isnt it cold?

= How cold it is!

Hasnt she got lovely eyes?

= What lovely eyes she has got!

Am I mad!

= How mad I am!

3. After SO, NEITHER, NOR:

Ex:

Im very hungry. So is he.

We dont like beer. Neither do they.
He cannot play tennis. Nor can she.
The room was so tidy that you neednt arrange anything.
So tidy was the room that you neednt arrange anything.

4. After negative and restrictive expressions:

53

Mt s trng t hoc ng trng t c a ln u cu nhn mnh th chng thng

c theo sau bi mt tr ng t v ch t (o ng)
Ex:

Under no circumstances can we cash cheques.

At no time was the President aware of what was happening.
Not until much later did she learn who her real father was.
Hardly had I arrived when trouble started.
Seldom have I seen such an interesting film.
Little did he realize the danger he faced.
Never does she behave like that.
Only then did I understand what she meant.
Only after her death did I recognize she was my mother.
Not only did we lose our money but we were nearly killed.
Not a single word did she say.
On no condition are they to fire.
In no case can you come out of the room.

5. Conditional clause:
Trong cu iu kin c th o WERE v HAD ln trc ch ng v b ch IF.
Ex:

If I were a millionaire, I would buy that castle.

Were I a millionaire, I would buy that castle.
Had we not spent all the money already, we would have lent you some.

6. Whole verb before subject:

Mt s trng t ch ni chn khi c a ln u cu nhn mnh th phi o ton
b ng t chnh ca cu ln trc ch t.
Ex:

Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
On the grass sat an enormous frog.
Near the window sits a handsome boy!
Along the road came a strange person.
54

Here comes Jack

There goes your brother.
Khi ch ng l mt i t nhn xng th khng c o ng.
Ex:

Here she comes.

There you are.

Trong cu ni trc tip, mt s ng t tng thut nh: SAID, ASKED,

SUGGESTED, REPLIED, ORDER thng c t trc ch ng.
Ex: Why dont you go with me?, asked she.

EXERCISE
Put the adverb or adverbial phrase at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize:
1. Mrs. Jones spends too much time making this dress.
..............................................................................................................................................
2. He rarely comes to see me these days.
..............................................................................................................................................
3. The doctor had hardly fallen asleep when the phone rang.
..............................................................................................................................................
4. He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.
..............................................................................................................................................
5. They had little success, but they were tireless workers.
..............................................................................................................................................
6. She has never been in such an embarrassing situation.
..............................................................................................................................................
7. I remembered her name only after she had gone.
..............................................................................................................................................
Only after ..........................................................................................................................
8. I really understood the lesson only after he had explained it 3 times.
..............................................................................................................................................
9. Many beautiful roses grew in the garden of the palace.
55

..............................................................................................................................................
10. If the workers had worked harder, they would have got the bonus.
..............................................................................................................................................
11. If I were you, I wouldnt t live in the city.
..............................................................................................................................................
12. We seldom enjoy such a quiet evening.
..............................................................................................................................................
13. A modern building stands near the bridge.
14. We have made real progress only within the last 20 years.
.................................................................................................................................................
15. If the Union were to call a strike, the situation would be more serious.
.................................................................................................................................................
16. He told me that story many times.
.................................................................................................................................................
17. He had no sooner arrived than many people waited for him.
.................................................................................................................................................
18. The bus which weve been waiting for is coming there.
.................................................................................................................................................
19. My father will not come home until he finishes his work.
.................................................................................................................................................
20. I had hardly closed my eyes when the phone rang.
.................................................................................................................................................
21. She was scarcely inside the house before the kids went to bed.
.................................................................................................................................................
22. She had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked.
.................................................................................................................................................
23. We no sooner sat down in the train than I felt sick.
.................................................................................................................................................
24. She had hardly come here when she met him.
.................................................................................................................................................
25. I had hardly asked some information about him when he arrived.
.................................................................................................................................................
56

26. She had no sooner agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts.
.................................................................................................................................................
27. Steve no sooner met Jane than he fell in love with her.
.................................................................................................................................................
28. She had never expected that she was so successful.
.................................................................................................................................................
29. You can drive a car only after you obtain a driving license.
.................................................................................................................................................
30. Their flight left only after a twelve-hour wait.
.................................................................................................................................................
31. He suspected the money had been stolen at no time.
.................................................................................................................................................
32. He recognized that he had been deceived only later.
.................................................................................................................................................
33. You can do this successfully only with your friends help.
.................................................................................................................................................
34. Our neighbor has not once invited us into his house.
.................................................................................................................................................
35. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.
Only after ..........................................................................................................................
36. You should phone the police under no circumstances.
Under ...............................................................................................................................
37. I did not realize who he was until later.
Only later ..........................................................................................................................
38. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
Never in .............................................................................................................................
39. He did not give me a penny.
Not a penny .......................................................................................................................
40. The King has never resigned before.
Never before......................................................................................................................
41. I have never seen such a stupid person.
57

Never ...............................................................................................................................
42. He will not gambling until he loses all his money.
Not only ...........................................................................................................................
43. She is not only very beautiful but she is also very intelligent.
Not only ...........................................................................................................................
44. He had scarcely entered the room when he was attacked.
Scarcely ............................................................................................................................
45. He had no sooner begun his vacation than he become ill.
No sooner .........................................................................................................................
46. He will be able to walk again only after an operation.
Only .................................................................................................................................
47. The tallest man whom he had ever met stood there.
There ...............................................................................................................................
48. A few pieces of furniture were inside the room.
...................................................................................................................................................
49. A tall soldier walked around the corner.
...................................................................................................................................................
50. The schoolgirls rarely sat together without saying a word.
...................................................................................................................................................
51. She looked so fat that everyone laughed at her.
...................................................................................................................................................
52. An old ruined cottage was near the church.
...................................................................................................................................................
53. I had climbed that hill many times as I was young.
...................................................................................................................................................
54. You will find so many people nowhere else.
...................................................................................................................................................
55. They seldom write to me.
...................................................................................................................................................
56. We can accept cheques under no circumstances.
...................................................................................................................................................
58

57. His father has rarely been more helpful.

...................................................................................................................................................
58. He seldom keeps his promise.
...................................................................................................................................................
59. I had hardly walked out of my house when I met him.
...................................................................................................................................................
60. They no longer visited their relatives.
...................................................................................................................................................
61. They unknown soldiers lie here.
...................................................................................................................................................
62. I had not known her until he told me.
...................................................................................................................................................
63. You will hardly finish your work before its dark.
...................................................................................................................................................
64. He found a job nowhere after he had graduated from college.
...................................................................................................................................................
65. It is seldom wise to say too much about oneself.
...................................................................................................................................................
66. It is hot enough to sit outside only in summer.
...................................................................................................................................................
67. I no longer live with my parents when I was 18 years old.
...................................................................................................................................................
68. She can find her purse nowhere although she had searched everywhere.
...................................................................................................................................................
69. Tom can hardly pass the driving test because his eyes are very weak.
...................................................................................................................................................
70. He quitted his job only because he didnt like the boss.
...................................................................................................................................................
71. The computer can not only gather facts but it can also store them.
...................................................................................................................................................
72. The crying girl ran out of the house.
...................................................................................................................................................
59

73. He had no sooner put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.
No sooner ..................................................................................................................................
74. The thieves little realized that the people had already thrown a cordon round the bank.
Little ..........................................................................................................................................
75. He should on no account return to work until he had made a complete recovery.
On no account ...........................................................................................................................
76. I wouldnt doubt his integrity for one moment.
Not for .......................................................................................................................................
77. The smoke is so poisonous that many people are unconscious.
So poisonous .............................................................................................................................
78. His fear of failing the exam was such that he resorted to cheating.
...................................................................................................................................................
79. Such a situation should never again be allowed to raise.
...................................................................................................................................................
80. The pilot agreed to land the plane only when the hijackers threatened to shoot some of the
passengers.
...................................................................................................................................................
81. The back of this radio should under no circumstances be removed unless the set has first
been disconnected at the mains.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
82. Such a major operation has proved completely successful in very few cases.
...................................................................................................................................................
83. He had, no doubt, good reason for thinking as he does. (khng o ng)
...................................................................................................................................................
84. It has been found that, in a few cases, people can have this disease.
...................................................................................................................................................
85. People didnt discover AIDS until 1981.
...................................................................................................................................................
86. Martin had no sooner sat down than the telephone rang.
...................................................................................................................................................
87. She has made good progress only within 2 months.
...................................................................................................................................................
60

88. It is hot enough to sit outside only in summer

...................................................................................................................................................
89. She is no longer busy doing he homework.
...................................................................................................................................................
90. The tickets are here for the football match.
...................................................................................................................................................

*****

61

PART VIII: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

MODEL 1:
S + be +

Ex:

adjective + Noun

S + verb + adverb

He is a fluent English speaker. (speak)

He speaks English fluently.

2. Morgan is a slow driver. (drive)

Morgan ................................................................................................................................
3. They are lazy students. (study)
They ....................................................................................................................................
4. Mary is an excellent dancer. (dance)
Mary ....................................................................................................................................
5. Peter is a hard worker. (work)
Peter ...................................................................................................................................
6. They are fast runner. (run)
They ....................................................................................................................................
7. They are fast typists. (type)
They ....................................................................................................................................
8. Daisy is a good singer. (sing)
Daisy ...................................................................................................................................
9. Tony and Bobby are very good footballers. (play)
Tony and Bobby..................................................................................................................
MODEL 2:
S + have / has + V3 + O + FOR + time.

S + (Last) + V2 / V ed + O + time + ago

1. She has typed these letters for 4 hours.

62

She typed ............................................................................................................................

2. They have started singing for 2 hours.
They started .........................................................................................................................
3. They have waited for you for 30 minutes.
They waited .........................................................................................................................
4. Shes swum for an hour
She swam ............................................................................................................................
5. They have saved money for a month
They saved ..........................................................................................................................
6. Hes built that house for 9 months.
They built ............................................................................................................................
7. We havent met her for five years.
We last ................................................................................................................................
MODEL 3:
have
S + has + not / never + P.P (V3 / V ed) + Object BEFORE
had
It is the first time + S + have / has / had + P.P (V3 / V ed) + Object
The last time
S + LAST

+ S + V2 / V ed + O + was + thi gian + (ago)

+ V2 / V ed + O + since / when + time clause

Its + thi gian + SINCE + S + V2 / V ed

1. I havent eaten this kind of food before.
Ex:

I havent eaten this kind of food before.

This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.

2. We havent talked to such a good scientist before.

This is the first time ............................................................................................................
63

3. She hasnt traveled by air before.

This is the first time ............................................................................................................
4. I have never tasted pheasant before.
This is the first time ............................................................................................................
5. We have never eaten this kind of meat before.
This is the first time ............................................................................................................
6. She hasnt seen that boy here before.
Its .......................................................................................................................................
7. They have never eaten snake before.
It is ......................................................................................................................................
8. He hasnt been to Britain for 3 years.
The last time he ...................................................................................................................
9. I havent played tennis since 1998.
The last time I .....................................................................................................................
10. I havent seen him since I was a student.
I last saw .............................................................................................................................
11. She hasnt written to us since 2002.
The last time she .................................................................................................................
12.I havent enjoyed myself so much for years.
Its years since.....................................................................................................................
13. The telephone has rung for 5 minutes.
Its a 5 minutes since...........................................................................................................
14. It is ages since Alan visited his aunt.
Alan hasnt ..........................................................................................................................
15. I last saw her 5 years ago.
I havent seen ......................................................................................................................
64

16. John hasnt had his hair cut for 4 months.

Its 4 months .......................................................................................................................
17. I havent played football since 1990.
The last time I ...................................................................................................... in 1990.
18. We havent seen Tom since he moved to Bristol.
We last ................................................................................................................................
MODEL 4:
S + V +

short Adjective ER + than + S

MORE Long adjective

S + V + not + AS + Adj (tri ngha) + AS + S.

Ex: The station was nearer than I thought.

The station wasnt as far as I thought.
2. Jack is younger than he looks.
Jack isnt as old ...................................................................................................................
3.I go out less than I used to. (more than)
I dont .................................................................................................................................
4. Health and happiness are more important than money.
Money isnt .........................................................................................................................
5. The hotel is cheaper than I think.
The hotel isnt .....................................................................................................................
6. Its warmer today than yesterday.
Yesterday isnt ....................................................................................................................
7. The problem is more complicated than you think.
The problem isnt ................................................................................................................
8. You speak English more fluently than I
65

I dont .................................................................................................................................
9. The exam was easier than we expected.
The exam isnt.....................................................................................................................
MODEL 5:
say
They

know

People

think

Someone

believe

that + S2

+ V + O

find
rumour

It + is / was + V3 / V -ed
S2

+ be + V3 / V -ed

that + S2

+ V +

to V1 + O
(Qk)

to have V3 + O

Ex: They think that the owner of the house is abroad.

It is thought that the owner of the house is abroad.
The owner of the house is thought to be abroad.
2. People believe that 13 is unlucky number.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
13 is thought ........................................................................................................................
3. They say that John is the most intelligent student in the class.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
John is .................................................................................................................................
4. People think that Jack London and his writings present the American love of
adventure.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
66

Jack London and .................................................................................................................

5. People said that he treated his wife badly.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
6. Someone rumored that he had escaped to the forest.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
7. They say that tortoises live longer than elephants.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
Tortoises are ........................................................................................................................
8. They thought that he was innocent.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
9. People believe that French team will win the Cup.
It is ....................................................................................................................................
French team is .....................................................................................................................
10. They thought that he had worked there for 12 hours.
It was ...................................................................................................................................
He was .................................................................................................................................
MODEL 6:
have
S + has + not / never + P.P (V3 / V ed) + Such a / an + Adjective + Noun
had

That is + the short Adjective EST + N + that + S + have / has + ever + P.P
Ex: Ive never heard such a funny story.
It is
the MOST long adjective
67

 Thats the first time Ive ever heard such a funny story.
2. Hes never made such a bad mistake.
It is the.................................................................................................... he has ever made.
3. I havent tasted such good coffee for a long time.
It is the.................................................................................................................................
4. Ive never slept in such an uncomfortable bed.
This is ..................................................................................................................................
5. She has never eaten such a big metal.
It is the.................................................................................................................................
6. Ive never meet such a generous person as Ann.
Ann is the ............................................................................................................................
7. Weve never had such a good friend as you
You are ................................................................................................................................
8. He has never made such a difficult decision for years.
This is ..................................................................................................................................
MODEL 7: ngh, khuyn bo

S + advise + Object (person)

+ to

S + had better/ought to/should

infinitive ( V1)...
+ infinitive (V1)... Tt hn l...nn

S1 + suggest + That + S2 + should

+ V1...

S1 + suggest

+ V-ing...

Why dont

+ Subject

+ V1...?

Lets

+ V1...

Shall we

+ V1...?

Do you feel like

+ V-ing...?

68

Ex: He advises them to quit smoking.

They should quit smoking.
2. They had better buy that villa.
She advised .........................................................................................................................
3. Lets go for a walk in the park, said Mary.
Mary suggested that we ......................................................................................................
4. In my opinion you are not telling the truth.
I suggest that .......................................................................................................................
5. Why dont you buy this picture as a wedding present? said Ann.
Ann suggested that ..............................................................................................................
6. He prefers drinking coffee to tea.
He would rather...................................................................................................................
7. She prefers going to the movie to stay at home. (would rather...than)
Shed rather .
8. They prefer becoming a doctor to nurse.
Theyd rather .......................................................................................................................
9. I advise him to put his money in the bank.
He should ............................................................................................................................
10. She had better meet him today to negotiate about this contract.
I suggest ..............................................................................................................................
11. Lets go to the cinema.
Why dont ..........................................................................................................................
12. Why dont Mary and Peter buy this villa?
I think Mary and Peter ........................................................................................................

69

MODEL 8:

S + once + V2 + O.

Ex:

S + used to + V1 + O.

They once started this machine by hands.

They used to start this machine by hand.

MODEL 9: Causative form

Ex:

S + ask / demand / require

+O

+ to V1

S + have / has

+ Somebody

+ V1...

+ Something

+ V3/V-ed...

We asked the porter

We had

the porter

We had

our luggage

to take our luggage into the room.

take our luggage
taken

into the room.

into the room by the porter.

MODEL 10:

Ex:

+V

+ O + (in)

+ thi gian.

It takes / took

+ O (Ngi) + thi gian + to V1...

She typed this letter in 10 minutes.

It took her 10 minutes to type this letter.
The flight to Hanoi lasted 3 hours.
It took us 3 hours to fly to Hanoi.

MODEL 11:
To V1 / V-ing

+ is/was + Adjective.

It + is/was + Adjective + to V1/V-ing

Ex:

How
+ Adjective
To sit here with
you
is nice. + (it is) + to V1
70

To sit here with you is nice.

It is nice to sit here with you.
How nice it is to sit here with you.
MODEL 12:
(dont/doesnt)
S+

V1/s/es

(didnt)

V2/V-ed + O

Will (not)

V1

Would

V1
V2/V-ed + O

S + wish (es) + S
Had V3/V-ed + O

Ex :

I dont have a car.

I wish I had a car.
Mary didnt go to my party last night.
Mary wishes she had gone to my party last night.
What a pity you failed the driving test.
We wish you hadnt failed the driving test.

EXERCISE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. They can swim farther than us.
We cant
2. They built the house in 2 years.
It took..
71

3. I walked to school in 20 minutes.

It took me
4. It takes 6 hours to drive from London to Edinburgh.
We spend
5. This is a two-hour film.
This film takes
6. It is a thirty-minute lecture.
The lecture
7. We havent seen him for 5 years.
It is 5 years since
8. It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away.
That meat was so
9. That is such a rude man that everyone doesnt want to talk to him.
That man is
10. The film is so boring that nobody wants to see it.
It is such
11. The price is too high for us to buy this car.
The price is so
12. My friends find driving on the left difficult.
My friends arent used to..
13. The car was too expensive for him to buy.
He cant afford
14. I cant play the guitar.
I wish I
15. I wonder if you could explain this exercise for me.
Would you mind
16. She didnt go to the wedding party last night.
72

She wishes she

17. Tom didnt begin to read until he was eight years old.
Not until
18. The noise next door didnt stop until after midnight.
Not until
19. There is no need for you to go there.
You neednt
20. Tom will be eighteen next week.
It will be Toms
21. She felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
If she.
22. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldnt sail.
Because
23. You stole my cassette, Tom, said Ann.
Ann told
24. Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult.
It is difficult
25. Without the proper treatment, he would have died.
If he hadnt
26. He was sorry that he had not said goodbye to her at the airport.
He regretted
27. It is pointless to have that old typewriter repaired.
That old typewriter isnt worth
28. The stories he told were so amusing. We call laughed merrily.
He made us
29. I have never met such a famous person before.
He is the most
73

30. They traveled across India and then flew on to Japan.

After they had
31. I am always nervous when I travel by air.
Traveling by air makes
32. She can try as hard as she likes, but she wont succeed.
No matter how hard she
33. I went down with flu as soon as I had recovered from bronchitis (vim ph qun).
No sooner had I
34. If we dont reduce air pollution, it will cause a lot of harm to our health.
Unless we
35. Although it rained heavily we went to school yesterday.
In spite of
36. Despite the thick foggy, we cant stop here.
Even though
37. In spite of a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
Although
38. Although his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car.
Despite his
39. Although it rained continuously, we all enjoyed the excursion.
In spite of
40. Too see a new film is exciting.
It is
41. He is a famous reporter and many people know him.
He is such

74

PART IX: ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

1. CC BC SO SNH CA TNH T HOC TRNG T:
a Comparison of equality:
S1 + V +AS + adjective / adverb + AS + S2 (V)/O.
Ex:

She is as tall as her mother (is).

He is as intelligent as his brother (is).
I drive as carefully as he does/him.

b Inferiority:
S1 +

V + NOT

+ AS / SO + adjective / adverb + AS + S2 (V)/O.

doesnt
V1mother.
)
She is(dont
not so/ tall
as her

Ex:

V + LESSthan
+ she
longdoes/her.
adjective / adverb + THAN + S2
1 + carelessly
He drivesSless
Ex:

She is not so tall as her mother.

He drives less carelessly than she does/ her.

c Comparative:
S1 +

V +

Short adjective ER + THAN + S2 (V)/O.

Short adverb ER

Ex:

He is taller than me.

I play the organ better than him.
He types faster than me.
His sister is younger than my sister.
My shoes are newer than hers.
S1 + V + MORE + Long adjective + THAN + S2 (V)/O.
Long adverb

Ex:

I drive more carefully than him.

Peter is more intelligent than Mary.
We run more slowly than those students (do).
75

d Superlative:
S+

V + The Short adjective EST + IN / OF + noun phrase.

THE
MOST girl
+ long
adjclass.
She is the most
beautiful
in my

Ex:

He is the fastest worker in my company.

Tom is the most careless driver that Ive ever known.
e Irregular adjective:
Good / well

better

best

tt

Bad / badly

worse

worst

ti t, xu

Many / Much

more

most

nhiu

Little

less

least

Old

older / elder

oldest / eldest

gi, c

Far

farther / further

farthest / furthest

xa, hn na

2. SO SNH KP:
The + Tnh t so snh hn + S +V, The + Tnh t so snh hn + S +V
Short adjective ER

Short adjective ER

Ex: MORE
What
sizeadjective
of box do you want? TheMORE
biggerlong
the better.
long
adjective
Ex:

What size of box do you want? The bigger the better.

What time will we leave? The sooner the better.
The warmer the weather is, the better I feel.
The earlier we leave, the sooner we arrive.
The more expensive the hotel is, the better service is.
The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.
The more you have, the more you want.

3. TRT T CA TNH T :
Article

A, an, the

Possessive adjective

My, your, his, her, our, their

1.

76

Demonstrative

This, that, these, those

Indefinite

Some, any, all, both of, several, many, much...

Ordinal number

First, second, third, fourth...

Cardinal number

One, two, three...

3.

Quality

New, old, young...

4.

Size

Long, small, big...

5.

Character

Good, bad, kind, honest, modest...

6.

Shape

Round, square, rectangle...

7.

Age

18-year-old

8.

Color

White, black, blue...

9.

Nation / origin

English, Chinese, Japanese...

10.

Material / purpose

Woolen, terylene, wooden...

11.

Head noun

Teacher, table, shirt...

2.

V tr ca tnh t trong cu:

Tnh t c t trc danh t v b ngha cho danh t .
Tnh t c th t sau trng t.
Tnh t t sau ng t TO BE v n lm thuc t b ngha cho ch ng.
4. TNH T TN CNG BNG -ING V -ED
Amusing
Astonishing
Boring
Disappointing
Embarrassing
Exhausting
Frightening
Interesting
Surprising
Terrifying

Amused
Astonished
Bored
Disappointed
Embarrassed
Exhausted
Frightened
Interested
Surprised
Terrified

Amazing
Annoying
Confusing
Depressing
Exciting
Fascinating
Horrifying
Satisfying
Shocking
Tiring

Amazed
Annoyed
Confused
Depressed
Excited
Fascinated
Horrified
Satisfied
Shocked
Tired

77

PART X: COMMON PREPOSITIONS

1. Prepositions of time (Gii t v thi gian): after, at, before, behind, by, during, for,
from, in, on (upon), since, through (out), toward(s), until, till, within,
a. IN: Trc bui trong ngy, thng, nm, ma, a danh, t nc
Ex: In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, In June: vo thng 6, in 1996,
in spring / winter / autumn / summer, in Bien Hoa, in VN
b. ON: Trc ngy v thng: On March 15th
Trc ngy trong tun: On Monday, On Sunday, On Tuesday
trn:

On TV / On the radio / On the table.

Vo k ngh:

On holiday / On a trip

i b:

On foot

T kim sng:

Living on my own

c. AT: Thi gian, ni chn, dp l

Lc 6 gi:

AT 6 oclock / BY 6 oclock

Ti sn bay:

AT the airport

Vo tui:

AT the age of

Lc bt u / lc cui: AT the begnining of / AT the end of

AT school, AT work, AT home, AT night, AT Christmas, AT Easter.
2. Prepositions of place (Gii t v ni chn): about, above, across, at, before, behind,
below, beneath, beside, beyond, by, in, off, on (upon), over, through, to, toward(s), under,
within, without, .
3. Prepositions of cause, reason or motive (Gii t v nguyn do): at, for, from, of, on,
over, through, with, (v; do, bi)
4. Prepositions of aim or purpose (Gii t v mc ch): after (theo), for (v), on (vo),
to (cho),
4. MT S GII T I VI TNH T HOC NG T

Absent from: vng mt

Accustomed to: quen vi

Absorbed in: say m

Afraid of: s

Account for: gp phn vo

Agree with: ng

According to: theo nh

Ahead of: pha trc

78

Angry with: gin, tc

Interested in: thch th

At the seaside: ngoi bi bin

Introduce to: gii thiu vi ai

Available for: sn c

Keen on: say m

Aware of: thc v

Hear from Sb: nghe tin v ai

Banned from: b cm

In spite of: mc d

Belong to: thuc v

Keep pace with: theo kp

By train/ car / bus / truck / lorry / bicycle

Kind of (it is / was)

Care for: quan tm ti

Kind to (ch t ngi)

Concerned with: lin quan n

Late for: tr

Confident of: t tin v

Leave for: ri nh i u

Confused about: nhm ln

Liable to: tin tng

Contrary to: tri vi

Look after: chm sc

Crowded with: ng c vi

Look at: nhn vo

Different from: khc vi

Look for: kim

Difficult for: kh i vi

Look up: tra t vng

Familiar with: quen thuc vi

Looking forward to: mong ch

Famous for: ni ting v

Make fun of: chc ngho

Fed up with: chn ngy

Make room for: nhng ch cho

Fond of: thch

On a farm: nng tri

Full of: y

On the road: ng qu

Go by: thi gian tri qua

Perfect for: hon ho

Go off: chy n

Popular to: ph bin vi ai

Go on: tip tc

Present at: c mt ti

Go out: dp tt

Provide Sb with something: cung cp

Good / quick / bad + at: gii v mn hc

Provide something for somebody

Good for: tt cho

Put an end to: kt thc

Prepared for: chun b cho

Put off: hon li

Importand to: quan trng vi

Ready for: sn sng

In a hurry: vi v

Responsible for: chu trch nhim v ci

In English: bng ting Anh

In the field: ngoi ng

Responsible to: chu trch nhim v ai

In the mountain: trn ni

In the street: ngoi ng ph

Rich in: giu c

79

Sad about: bun v

Tired of: chn

Serious about: nghim tc v

Useful for: hu ch

Similar to: tng t nh

What about: cn th sao

Sit between Mai and Lan: ngi gia

Whats the point of: chng ti g m

Sorry for: xin li v

Capable of: c kh nng v

Spend money on + V-ing / N: tiu tin

No objection to: khng phn i vi

Stay at home

Accuse of: t cov.

Stay out of the crowd

Distaste for: bc tc v

Stay up late

Doubt about: hoi nghi v

Stay with you

Duty for st / sb: chu trch nhim v

Successful in: thnh cng v

Attiude torwards: c thi vi

Switch off: tt i

Quite for: hon ton hp vi

Switch on: bt ln

Sell sth to sb for money

Take care of: chm sc

Turn in: giao np

Take notice of: ch n

For fear of doing sth: v s s lm

Thank you for: cm n v ci g

By coincidence: ngu nhin

Thanks to: nh vo

Contrast with: khc vi, tng phn

The same as: ging nh

On the market: c sn trn th trng

Theres no point in: chng ti g m

At sea: ngoi bin

Tired from: mt mi v

In flight: ang trn ng bay

EXERCISE
Fill in the blank with the correct preposition
1. I am not interested

what you think.

2. Do you mind living

your own.

3. John is fond

watching TV.

4. Mary is fed up

doing the same thing everyday.

5. What are you listen

6. We might have a picnic. It depends

7. The distance

the weather.
Ha Noi

Hai Phong is about 102

kilometers.
8. May I take this book

your shelf? Ill bring it

tomorrow.

80

9. The old man often goes to bed right

dinner.

10. Youll be able to speak English

this time next year.

11. I keep a light on at night because Im afraid

12. Im tired

the dark.

that work. I want to leave it.

13. She is tired

walking during 4 hours.

14. We are worried

the exam.

15. Your homework is full

mistake (li sai).

16. When I leave home, you have to be responsible

everything.

17. Isaac Newton died in 1727

the age of 85.

18. My village lies

two rivers.

19. In Britain people drive

the left and pass

20. You have to go

the right.

the street at the zebra-crossing.

21. Im sorry, the doctor wont be back

9 oclock.

22. We shall leave Ha Noi

2 oclock this afternoon.

HCM city

23. Have a nice holiday. Take care

yourself.

24. Thank you. It is very kind

you to help me.

25. He is so kind

everyone.

26. The beach is crowded

tourists

27. His opinion differs

mine.

28. That hotel is famous

its pleasant atmosphere and fine food.

July.

29. This kind of music is familiar

30. Bill is bored

teenagers.
doing the same job for too long.

31. Im sorry

Jane who lost her father last week.

32. He may be quick

understanding but he is not capable

remembering anything.
33. I often stay

home

34. You shouldnt stay

the evenings.
late

night.

35. Sorry, I will talk to you later. Im

a hurry.

36. A laser vaporized the bone

touching any of the surrounding tissue.

37. You will be acquainted

this work soon.

38. Who are you waiting

39. Money is used

40. My birthday is

buying or selling goods.

November 4
81

41. You are right. I agree

you.

42. If you dont know its meaning, you can look it

in this dictionary.

43. Who will look

the house and the dogs when we go on a trip?

44. Please take care

everything when we arent at home.

45. Everyone should be aware

air pollution.

46. This building belongs

people who live in it.

47. These pupils are good

learning English.

48. Drinking wine is harmful

your health.

49. His hat is different

yours.

50. We havent heard

Mary for 6 months. We are worried

51. I am fed

with this wet weather.

52. We didnt go

the party because some friends came to stay

53. It is easy

read French.

54. I have no objection

her.

us.

hear your story again.

55. Touch your toes

bending your knees.

56. Im not keen

playing tennis.

57. He was fined

being drunk when he was driving his car.

58. This is a tool

opening the bottle.

59. What

leaving here and collecting it later?

60. They escaped

the prison camp

sliding down a

rope.
61. We had difficulty

finding a parking place.

62. You should be ashamed

63. In spite

behaving like that.

starting late he arrived in time.

64. Theres no point

65. I dont care

waiting.
buying a new house in Bien Hoa.

66. I am looking forward

67. He left her

hearing from you soon.

saying any words.

68. The children prefer watching TV

reading.

69. He lost no time to be used

the new work.

70. He is accused

robbing the bank.

71. Would you mind getting me the heavy luggage

72. By working day and night he succeeded

there?
finishing the job in time.
82

73. I remember

read the review

74. Im looking

to hearing from you soon.

75. Please go

writing; I dont mind waiting.

76. Lying

the beach is very interesting.

77. I advise you

that book.

star looking

78. The horse wont be well enough

79. He doesnt seem

a flat at once.
run in tomorrows race.

recover after his long journey.

80. He made a lot of money

buying tickets in advance.

81. The bus stops right in front

my house.

82. I plan to visit Ha Noi

Christmas.

83. What are you doing

the weekend?

84. She got married

the age of 18.

85. They often go on holiday

86. We lived

May.
London

1998

2003.

87. I live

554 Dien Bien Phu street.

88. He is sitting

Loan and Thanh.

89. Will you come

home after the class?

90. He walks slowly because

his bad leg.

91. She walked past me

92. Do

saying a word.

he ordered. Dont argue anything.

93. According

the timetable, the train will arrive at 8:30.

94. Would you mind showing me how

work.

95. I like playing chess

Mr. Brown.

96. I suggest telephoning her

we go to her house.

97. These is no point

remaining in a dangerous place.

98. The bus stops right in front

99. He earns his living
100. Thank you

my house.
writing.

coming.

101. That is the hotel

which I stayed.

102. I had lived

Rome

ten days.

103. We live

55 Vo Van Ngan street.

104. I wake up

4:30 and look

the clock. Its too early, so I

close my eyes again.

83

105. Thanks

the bad weather, the match was cancelled.

106. She comes early in order

get good seat.

107. According

the timetable, the train will arrive at 8:30.

108. She walked

the kitchen and put her packages

109. While waiting for my train, I took walk

the station.

110. I hung the picture

the fireplace.

111. Michigan is situated

Lake Michigan and lake Huron.

112. A formation of twelve airplanes flew

113. Mr. Flanagan who is

the table.

our house.
his sisters

Ireland is staying

home in Boston.
114. The door was locked, so I shoved the letter
115. I arrived

the door.

Switzerland last week.

116. Mary has been in the United States

2 years.

Choose the correct preposition:

117. Your score on the examination is well (above, over) average.
118. You are ahead of me. Your name is (above, at the top of) the list.
119. Dont forget to put your return address (in, on) the envelope.
120. I read (for, during) three hours, (at, from) 9:00p.m (until, by) 12:00
121. Is your birthday (in, on) April? Mine is (in, on) April 7.
122.I try to get to school (in, on) time to have a cup coffee before my first class.
124. He asked me to come (at, in) 11:30, not (at, in) noon.
125. The stores stay open (on, in) Monday (until, for) 9:00p.m.
126. Come (by, on) 8:00 if you can, no one will be seated at the theater (after, since) 8:00.
127. The projector broke down twice (for, during) the showing of the film.
128. I received my bill (to, in) the middle of the month.
129. We accept your kind in invitation (by, with) pleasure.
130. Would you rather write (by, with) a pen or pencil?
131. The first speech will be given (by, of) Mr. Steele.
132. It looks (like, as) a nice day.
133. Over one- third (of, in) the oranges are spoiled.
134. How would you like to go (by, with) us (by, in) our car?
135. This cake is (for, to) lunch.
84

PART XI: EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY

1. MOST, MOST OF: hu ht, phn ln, a s
Most +

Countable Noun

Plural Verb.

Most of

Uncountable Noun

Singular Verb.

Pronoun

Ex: Most pupils are fond of picture-books.

Most beer is very cheap but some beer is expensive.
Most of my summer holidays are at home.
Most of them are intelligent.
We used most of time to answer his questions.
2. MANY, MUCH: nhiu
Many

Countable Noun (Plural)

Plural V.

How many
Much

Uncountable noun (singular)

Singular V.

How much

Ex:

I met many teachers yesterday.

He made many mistakes.
There are many good books in this library.
How many pens have you got?
He drinks too much beer. So, hes drunk.
We havent got much coffee.
How much sugar did she buy?

3. Ch MANY v MUCH c dng trong c 3 th khng nh, ph nh, v nghi vn. Trong
li hnh vn trang trng, chng ta c th thay th MANY v MUCH bng cc cm t sau:
85

Many = A large number of = A great number of

Much = A great deal of = A good deal of

Ex:

He spent a great deal of money on his house.

I made a large number of friends there.

Note: Ngi ta cng dng cc ch TOO, SO, VERY, AS ngay trc ch MANY v MUCH
nhn mnh v b ngha cho n.
Ex:

Why do you talk so much?

He has too much sugar that he has to sell in a day.
We have to paint so many bicycles.

4. A LOT OF, LOTS OF, PLENTY OF: nhiu

Ex:

A lot of

Countable noun

Lost of

Uncountable noun

Plenty of

(i vi danh t s nhiu hoc s t)

She received a lot of letters but she doesnt reply.

How much can he earn a month? He earns a lot.
They have plenty of money.

5. A FEW, A LITTLE: Mt vi, mt t, cht xu

Ex:

A few

Countable noun (plural)

A little

Uncountable noun (singular)

You can drink a little beer because today is a special day.

There are a few oranges in the fridge.
They put a few books on the shelf.

86

6. FEW, LITTLE: t, rt t
Few = Not many = hardly any

Countable N (plural)

Little = Not much = hardly any +

Uncountble N (singular)

Hurry up! Weve got very little time. (not enough time)

Ex:

Hes unfriendly. He has few friends. (not many friends)

Many tourists came here but few stayed overnight.
( hardly anyone stayed overnight)
Im not willing go to try a drug that I know so little about.
We saw little = We saw hardly anything
= We didnt see much.
7. SOME and ANY: Mt vi, mt s, bt c
Some (affirmative form)

Any (negative or interrogative form)

Countable N
or Uncountable N

What would you like to buy? I need some book.

Ex:

Have you got any milk in the fridge?

She doesnt sell any dogs because she likes them very much.
8. ALL v ALL OF, NONE v NONE OF, EACH v EACH OF, HALF v HALF OF,
BOTH v BOTH OF, NEITHER v NEITHER OF, EITHER v EITHER OF:
Theo sau cc ch ny c th l mt danh t khng m c s t hoc danh t m c
s nhiu.
Phi c ch OF trc mt i t nhn xng (us, you, them).
Khi dng nhng ch ALL OF, ONE OF th chng ta cn c nhng ch the, this, that, these,
those, my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
Ex:

None of this money is mine.

Some of the people at the party were very friendly.
87

All of us want to go to Nha Trang.

All my friends (= All of my friends) live in London.
Half of them moved to New York last month.
Sau NEITHER OFchng ta c th chia ng t s t hoc s nhiu.
Ex:

Neither of the children wants (want) go to bed.

Ch BOTH, NEITHER, EITHER c th ng mt mnh hoc i cp vi AND, NOR, OR.

Ex:

Both Tom and Ann were late.

Neither he nor I came to the party.

SOME, ANY, NO + -ONE, -BODY, -THING, -WHERE

Ex:

Someone wants to see you.

Is anybody there?
You can go anywhere you like if you have a lot of money.

*****

88

PART XII: DO or MAKE

Hai ng t DO v MAKE u c ngha chung l lm; thc hin do mun s dng ng
th tt nht l nn hc thuc lng cc danh t i chung vi cc ng t ny.
DO (to act or perform): research, an assignment, a job, work, business, ones duty, the
washing, cleaning, ironing, hair, this, that, something, anything, everything, housework,
crossword, washing-up, shopping, a favor, .
MAKE (to build, construct, create ): a cake, a bed, address, a report, a decision, a demand,
a mistake, an error, a request, a speech, a mess, a chair, a table, breakfast, lunch, dinner, tea,
music, war, noise, peace, trouble, money, a phone call, a fuss, a suggestion, sure, a
complaint, a date, a fortune,
Fill in the blank with DO or MAKE:
1. Would you like to

research on wild animals?

2. Do you enjoy

this exercise with me?

3. I dont have a lot of work to

4. Well have to

a report on this topic.

5. He dislikes

troubles, doesnt he?

6. You should no longer

a mistake.

7. I want you

this job.

8. We should

something about this.

9.

this, dont do that, please.

10. My mother is
11. She is

ironing in her bedroom.

12. Do you

much gardening?

13. Ill
14.

a new dress for you on your birthday.

me a cup of tea if you dont mind.

15. The chairman

16. Who

a cake in the kitchen.

a speech to welcome the important guests.

this beautiful chair for you?
89

17. She loves her job. So, she doesnt want to

18. Have you

a mess of the job.

a decision to go with him?

19. Let me

a glass of orange juice.

20. I had

some arrangements.

21. I never

$ 500 in a month.

22. Id gone to London to

some shopping.

23. I sat down near a window and began

24. I didnt look up and didnt
25. I told him to
26. What

a sound.
a good steak and bring me a bottle of red wine.

you want me to

27. When does she

28. When

the crossword puzzles

?
the housework?

she

the washing-up?

29. I always try to avoid

a fuss is I can.

30. You should stop

a complaint about your teacher.

*****

90

B. GRAMMAR PRACTICE TESTS

I. VERB FORM AND TENSES
Mark a choice that best completes the sentences.
1. If you cannot
A. substantial

those accusations I want to hear no more about it.

B. substance

2. Government experts
A. expectable
3. Do you
A. intend

C. substantiate

D. substantially

the stock market to do better in the coming months.

B. expect

C. expectation

D. expectant

to increase employee benefits during the next open enrollment?

B. intent

C. intention

D. intently

4. Whenever out-of-town clients visit us, we do our best to

A. entertainment

B. interesting

5. The auditor
preference

C. entertainer

B. preferable

C. preferential

B. collect

C. collectible

B. distracter

8. We would like to
A. emphasize

D. distracting

that these bonuses are a one-time only thing.

B. emphatic

C. emphasis

D. emphatically

to participate in company event.

B. volunteerism

10. By law, we must

A. calculable

D. collector
me while I try to work.

C. distract

9. Management likes employees who

A. voluntary

D. prefer

antique bottles and jars.

7. I dislike radios playing in the office because they

A. distraction

D. entertain

that the bookkeepers send them figures every two weeks. A.

6. My bosss wife loves to

A. collection

them.

C. volunteer

D. voluntarily

how much federal income tax to deduct from your pay.

B. calculation C. calculate

11. When the messenger

A. will arrive B. arrives

D. calculator

,will you please give him this package?

C. arriving

D. would arrive

91

12. The assistant to Ms.Brigham

A. is becoming

more responsible in the last year.

B. has been becoming

13. The Paris branch of our bank

A. opens

A. knows

16. After you

A. have had
17. The boss
A. is waiting
18. I
A. am smelling

C. opened

B. does know

C. has known

20. We
A. dont eat

D. will know

a raise next year.

B. should get

C. will get

D. get

enough practice, it will be easy for you to do.

B. will have

C. had

D. are having

for those reports all morning.

B. waits

C. has been waiting

D. will waiting

something very strange, like burning wires.

B. smell

C. smelling

19. You can take those files to the records room unless Kim
A. does

D. was opening

the results of his recommendations by the end of the month.

15. My supervisor promises that I

A. would get

D. becomes

five years ago today.

B. has opened

14. The consultant

C. has become

B. will do

C. is doing

D. had smelled
it first.
D. had done

at that restaurant in a few months.

B wont eat

C. havent eaten

D. didnt eat

92

II. RELATIVE CLAUSES

Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. Sam is the boy
A. whose

shaved his head. He is completely bald now.

B. that

2. The food
A. who

C. which
she is buying looks healthy.

B. whose

3. A dishwasher is a machine
A. who

B. whom

4. The bat is only mammal

A. who

B. that

5. Look! Thats the singer

A. whose

B. who

6. I dont like dogs

A. whose

B. that

B. which

B. who

B. that

10. Theres the couple

A. whose

B. that

D.

can fly.
C. where

D.

mother is from my hometown.

C. that

D. whos

C. whom

D.

C.whom

D.

C. whose

D.

in birthday is today.
C. who

D.

C. who

D.

you gave me.

B. that

12. My brother Tom

A. who

C. which

dancing you like so much.

11. I ate all the cake

A. what

washes dishes.

is white and very fragrent.

9. They are filming the gilr

A. whose

D. where

failed the exam.

8. Jasmine is a flower
A. which

C. which

jump on me.

7. I felt bad for the guy

A. that

D.

C. when

D. whom

hates fishing, will stay at home.

B. whom

C. that

D. which
93

13. A man
A. whom

name I have forgotten, came to see you yesterday.

B. which

C. whose

14. I put everything in my suitcase,

A. what
15. The teacher,
A. whose

B. who

17. Children
A. which
18. The girl
A. whose

B. which

C. that

D.whom

I was born.
B. which

C. where

D. when

in eat a lot of candy often get bad teeth.

B. what

C. who

D. whom

pen you borrowed neds it not.

B. which

C. that

D. whom

arrived here yesterday.

B. whom

20. Look at the horses

A. who

D.which

every student is afraid of, is really very nice.

19. Go and find the guests

A. who

is under my bed.
C. that

16. This is the town

A. that

D. what

C. which

D. what

in are drinking in the river.

B. whom

C. which

D. what

94

III: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences
1. The police

the area near company headquarters.

A. to patrol

B. patrolling

2. The accountant demands that his clerks

A. check

B. will check

3. The hotel needs

A. provides

4. Because traffic is heavy, I suggest

B. to leave

5. Most of the time in Indonesia was spent

A. to visit

D. patrol

their work carefully before submitting it.

C. to check

D. checking

better training for its front desk staff

B. will provide

A. leaving

C. patrols

B. visiting

C. to provide D. provide
for the airport early.
C. will leave D. am going to leave
relatives.
C. going visiting

6. My broker advised me to invest is secured bonds before

A. invested

B. investing

A. telling

B. saying

8. Travel agents advise

A. buying

A. sighting
11. Can you
A. answered

D. I will invest

C. repeating

D. regarding

early, in order to avoid disappointment.

B. postponing

9. We have decided to

10. By

in the stock market.

that youll be paid for all this extra time youre spending on the project.

7. It goes without

A. implement

C. investment

D. go to visit

C. booking

D. canceling

your income with a monthly bonus.

B.compliment

C. supplement

D. compartment

what the public liked and didnt like, we were able to fine-tune our ads.
B. focusing

C. predicting

D. pinpointing

C. to answer

D. answer

the telephone?
B. answering

12. We are restocking the warehouse now that the transport strike is over

that

customers get what they need right away.

95

A. to ensure
13.

B. ensured

C. for ensuring

D.ensure

spending is probably going to maintain this upward trend throughout the year.
A. Consume

B. Consumer

C. Consuming

14. The professor praised him for his

A. assist

D. Consumed

the class when she was sick.

B. to assist

C.assisting

D. assisted

15. Since most of the business meetings were at night, we were able to spent the day
A.to sightsee B. to enjoy sightseeing
16. The doctor advised her
A. swimming

B.swam

C.to swim

B. to go play

C. play

B.to function

C.functioned

C. makes

B. used

C.use

B. smoke

22. Last night my parents let me

A. to go

D. to make

this door.

21. Put out your cigarette. You are not allowed

A. to smoke

D. functioning

his article shorter.

B. make

20. Only doctors and nurses can

A. using

D. to play

reliably.

19. Limited space forced the writer

A. making

D. to have swum

down at the beach.

18. The alarm system of car must

A. function

D. sightseeing

more often.

17. We found them

A. playing

C. going to sightsee

D. to use
here.

C. smoking

D. to smoking

out with him.

B. go

C. going

D. went

B. cry

C. to cry

D. A and B are correct

23. That film made her

A.sad
24. They are busy
A. doing
25. She cant stand

their homework now.

B. do

C. to do

D. is doing

at her children in danger.

96

A. looked

B. looking

26. It is no use
A. doing

B. do

B. type

B. is

C. to be

B. to hearing

B. live

C. to live

B. reads

B. open

B. meeting

37. Please
A. gives

D. reading

C. to open

D. to opening

C. meet

D. met

A Happy New Year.

B. having

C. to have

D. all are wrong

a cup of coffee. He feels sleep.

B. to have

36. They dont want

A. reading

C. to reading

Mr. Peter, my new assistant.

35. He stops
A. having

D. living

the windows? It is very hot in here.

34. We wish you

A. have

D. heard

romantic novel.

33. Mary, Id like you

A. to meet

C. hearing
alone here.

32. Would you mind

A. opening

D. has been

from you soon.

31. He loves
A. read

D. typing

here at 8:00 am tomorrow.

30. Now I am used

A. to living

D. to do

C. typed

29. She is looking forward

A. to hear

C. did
your report yet?

28. We suggest he
A. be

D. looking

this work.

27. Have you finished

A. to type

C. look

C. have

D. has

that book.
B. read

C. to reading

D. to read

it to her. Thanks a lot.

B. to gives

C. give

D. giving

38. This book is worth

97

A. to read

B. reading

39. I am sure she will

A. understands

D. to be read

what I have said to her.

B. understand

40. We are grateful to you

A. for helping

C. reads

C. understood

D. to understand

C. helped

D. helping

us.
B. to help

98

IV: AUXILIARY VERBS

Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences
1. If we had seen the demand in advance, we surely

on the cookbook.

A. would stock up B. had stocked up C. have stocked up D. would have stocked up

2. We

the money to your money market account within three working days.

A. have been transferred

B. will transfer C. transferring D. will be transferred

3. We are sending you what we have now and

A. will have shipped

B. will ship

4. School will

the remainder as soon as it arrives.

C. shipped

D. shipping

in three weeks.

A. done

B. completion

C. over

D. finish

5. According to the Financial Time, the prime rate

up slightly even without

the housing boom.

A. would have gone B. will have gone
6. She will neither
A. acceptable

C. were to go

D. was going

the terms nor give in to your badgering.

B. accepts

7. We were told we

C. accepting

D. accept

be able to reserve a seat on the mailboat that passes

through the Arctic Circle.

A. might

B. must

C. can

D. could

8. If the receptionist is unable to answer your question, Ms.Takai

A. can

B. did

C. could not

9. Mrs.Gonzales

help you.

D. would not

one of the best workers we have.

A. always has considered been

B. has been always considered

C. has been considered always

D. has always been considered

10. This year the company has

A. was invested

B. invest

11. The negotiations cannot be

heavily in research and development.

C. investing

D. invested

because if the disagreements.

99

A. concurred

B. continued

12. He was able to

A. think

C. contoured

my point of view.
B. mind

C. see

13. The tax authorities will soon

A. having issued

B. issuing

C. to issue

D. be issuing

reliably.

B. to function

15. Several crops

D. reckon

new guidelines.

14. The alarm system of a car must

A. function

D. confounded

C. functioned

D. functioning

by the government.

A. will have been subsidizing

B. being subsidized

C. are subsidizing

D. are being subsidized

16. Another four inches of snow will

A. heighten

overnight.

B. accumulate

C. develop

17. Nothing the workers did was able to

A. satisfactorily

the new foreman.

B. satisfaction

C. satisfy

18. We are hoping that the communities will

A. involve

D. raise

B. associate

D. satisfies
in the waterfront clean-up efforts.

C. concern

D. participate

19. Being fluent in German, he realized the he might be called upon to act as a translator for the
group

the need arise.

A. could

B. would

20. The product was

C. if

D. should

by the manufacturer because of a faulty closing

mechanism.
A. rehired

B. released

C. resent

21. John is a hard student. He usually

A. is doing
22. She
A. used to help

B. did

D. recalled

his homework until midnight.

C. does

D. has done

me to do my work when we were at university.

B. is used to helping

C. uses

D. was helped

100

in the east andin the west.

23. The sun

A. rises/setting
24. He
A. had finished

B. rose/set

C. rises/sets

D. is rising/sets

his report before he went home.

B. has finishes

C. was finishing

D. was finished

C. is going

D. goes

25. When I came to the station, the train

A. has gone

B. had gone

26. Did you see Peter when you

A. were

on the way to work?

B. are

C. have been

27. When I met her, she

A. is talking

to her boyfriend.
B. talks

C. talked

28. At this time tomorrow, we

A. will be doing

30. She
A. is doing

D. was talking

our test.

B. will do

C. are doing

29. I will phone you as soon as I

A. will arrive

D. will be

D. have done

at the airport.

B. have arrived

C. are arriving

D. arrive

her exercises at the moment.

B. does

C. did

D. will do

C. was born

D. will be born

31. I have lived here since I

A. am born

B. born

32. I dont understand what he

A. has just said
33. Dont worry! I
A. will do
34. You
A. couldnt

B. is said

D. say

C. was doing

D. do

this for you.

B. am done

meet him now. He is working.

B. will not

35. If it rained now, I

A. would stay

C. will be said

C. cant

D. ought

C. stayed

D. were staying

here.
B. will stay

101

36. We must have bought that house if we

A. had had

B. would have

C. had

37. Thank you for what you

A. have done
38. Did you
A. used to work
39. They
A. have just gone
40. She never
A. drinks

enough money last year.

D. have had

so far.

B. did

C. are doing

D. was doing

in this company?
B. worked

C. use to work

D. use to working

with their classmate. Maybe they will come back here at 3:00.
B. had gone

C. were going

D. had been going

coffee in the evening.

B. is drinking

C. will drink

D. was drinking

102

V: SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

Mark the choice that best complete the sentences.
1. We need to
A. simplify

the language in this report.

B. simple

C. simply

2. In my opinion, her leaving early was very

A. children

B. childish

thing to do.
C. childishly

3. We could call the TV stations and

A. publicity

B. public

C. publicize

B. freely

C. freedom

7. A doctors
A. friendship
8. It was very
A. thoughtless

B. organization

C. organizational

B. interestingly

C. interest

B. friend

C. friendly

12. The
A. restrictions

D. friendliness

of the boss to buy us those nice gifts.

B. thoughtful

C. thought

D. thoughtfully

typing.

B. lightened

C. lighten

D. lightness

raise, not just a few dollars.

B. realist

C. real

11. Your signature below will represent your

A. accepted

D. interesting

manner makes patients feel comfortable.

10. She would like a

A. really

D. organize

as this one was.

9. One of your duties will be some

A. light

D. free

handle the account.

6. Most meeting are not as

A. interested

D. publisher

to make my own decisions.

5. Our company believes it is the best

A. organizing

D. child

the opening or our new store.

4. I like my work because I have the

A. freed

D. simplistic

B. acceptance

D. reality
of this contract.

C. accept

D. acceptable

on who could be hire for that position did not seem legal.
B. restricted

C. restricting

D. restricted
103

13. Employee
A. invest

in this company will prove beneficial for everyone.

B. invested

C. investment

14. The contract call for a $1,00

A. penalize

A. projection

for every day we go over the deadline.

B. penalty

15. The managers

C. penal

B. projector

C. project

B. optimum

B. prior

18. The restaurant in due for an

A. inspection

B. inspector

C. opt

D. option
right now is getting something to eat. A.

C. prioritize

B. reliable

D. priors

by the Health Department next week.

C. inspect

19. Our success is based completely on the

A. rely

D. projected

if we want to expand the company safely.

17. I missed breakfast and lunch, so my

priority

D. penalization

for next years profit is very optimistic.

16. We have no other

A. optimal

D. investor

D. inspected
of our products.

C. reliant

D. reliability

20. The low profits weve had over the last two quarters are due to the bad
A. economics

B. economize

C. economic

D.economy

104

VI. CONDITIONALS
Read the following sentences and choose the best answer.
1. John, do you have a passport? No, but I wish I
A. can have

B. had

one.

C. have

D. having

2. Did you enjoy the show last night? Yes, but I wish I
A. hadnt had
3.

B. wouldnt have

a cold.

C. didnt have

D. hadnt

you agree, nothing can be arranged.

A. Because

B. Lest

C. Without

4. If he had not given me advice, I

A. wouldnt fail

, again.

B. would have failed C. would be failed

5. She want to know if we have

A. a few

D. would fail

extra copies.

B. the few

C. not many

D. a little

youre married.

6. You ought to be insured now

A. unless

D. Unless

B. that

C.because of

D. though

7. Tom left his spectacles behind because he was

A. hurriedly

B. hurry

C. to be hurried

8. If Mr. Hu does not arrived soon, we

A. left

without him.

B. is leaving

C. will leave

9. Ill be home for dinner unless the boss

A. will ask

B. is asking

C. asks

D. asked
so well with each other.

A. communicated

B. didnt communicate

C. dont communicate

D. communicate

A. I lose
12.

D. had left
me to work overtime.

10. Their marriage wuoldnt be so good if they

11. If

D. in a hurry

my passport, Ill be in trouble.

B. Ill lose

C. I lost

D. I would lose

is the biggest city in Brazil, it is not the capital.

105

A. Although Sao Paolo

13. I wish I
A. would know
14.

B. If Sao Paolo

C. Sao Paolo, which

D. Sao Paolo

the answer to your question.

B. knew

C. know

D. have known

the plumber could repair the toilet, he still would not do it.
A. Therefore

15.

B. However

C. So

D. Even if

his joining the group late, his manager is confident that we will fit
right in.
A. Even though

B. Despite

C. If

D. However

C. had waited

D. wait

16. I filed my report last week, but now I wish I

A. have waited

B. waited

17. The doctors will go home after they

A. will finish

B. will have finished

their rounds.
C. are finishing

D. finish

more available capital, theyd have expanded their European

18. If Fujikin, Inc

operations.
A. has

B. had had

C. were having

D. has had

the patients condition get worse, the nurse will call in an internist.

19.
A. Might

B. Unless

20. If Dr. Puri did not like jazz, he

C. Should

D. If

to it so much.

A. would not have listened

B. would listen

C. would not listen

D. would be listening

106

VII: ADJECTIVES DESCRIPTIVE PHRASES PARTICIPIAL

FORMS
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The plant
A. by the time

the window needs water.

B.by

B. live

C. living

B. shows

4. The people
A. working

C. shown

B. is working C. works

B. selling

B. to walk

7. The fruit
A. grows

C. sell

D. sold
on the moon.

C. walks

B. grown

C. is growing

B. sat

C. sitting

C. arrives

D. arriving

at such a rapid rate, buyers should compare prices.

B. increases

C. to increase

B. printing

D. increasing

in The Womens World yesterday?

11. Have you read the article

A. print

D. sits

at the party.

B. arrived

10. With prices

A. increase

D. grow

in the corner looks lonely.

9. Ivan was the last person

A. to arrive

D. walks to

in this area is really delicious.

8. That girl
A. is sitting

D. work

yesterday is extremely beautiful.

6. Neil Armstrong was the first person

A has walked

D. are showing

in this office are very helpful.

5. The house
A. sells

D. is living

on TV arent very interesting.

3. Most of the programs

A. show

D.is

next door arent very friendly.

2. The people
A. are living

C.is by

C. printed

12. My assistant wasnt able to get his check

D. prints
because the bank was closed.
107

A. cash

B. cashed

C. cashing

D. cashes

C. satisfied

D. satisfy

13. Our company wants its customers

A. satisfies

B. satisfying

14. Before the prime minister arrived, the police ordered the area
A. clear

B. cleared

C. clearing

D. be clear

15. With some effort, Ms. Manson got her schedule

A. to change

B. change

C. changed

D. changing

C. to widen

D. widened

16. The architects want all the hallways

A. widen

B. widening

17. Mr. Hao was ableto get the envelopes

A. were addressed
18. No
A. fewer

B. Addressed

before the mail carrier arrived.

C. were addressing

than three banks were forced to close their doors this last year.
B. lesser

C. less

19. It is better to change the benefits program.

A. was proposed
20. The
A. selling

D. being addressed

B. being proposing

D. lower
last month.

C. proposing

D. proposed

report will be published next Monday.

B. sell

C. sales

D. sold

108

VIII: COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES

Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The wildlife preserve is
A. as popular as

tourist attraction in the city.

B. more popular than C. most popular

D. the most popular

2. The final resort on the project needs to be completed

A. as quickly as

B. quickly as

C. quickly than

3. Television advertising costs

A. most than

B. as much

C. more as

B. more convenient C. convenient than

B. more than

6. Brenda is
A. as tall as

D. most convenient

the sale price.

C. as much as

D. least as

C. the tallest

D. tall

her mother.
B. taller

7. Although most people are

A. wealth

D. more than
the original one.

5. The copy machine was reduced to even

A less than

D. more quickly

print advertising.

4. The new design failed because it was not

A. as convenient as

possible.

than I am, they are not as healthy or wise.

B. wealthy

C. weathily

D. wealthier

8. Mrs. Choor has managed the department so well that shell be up for a
promotion than she expected.
A. big

B. bigger

9. An ounce is smaller
A. these

C. more

D. most

a pound.
B. than

C. that

D. the

10. Electrical services will be restored more

if we call some of the part-

timers.
A. quicker

B. Quickly

11. Whereas the language barrier, in

C. quickest

D. quick

times, was once an obstacle to trade, that

is no longer the case.

109

A. earliness

B. earlier

C. early on

12. The telephone lines of the United States are

D. early to
than those of any country in the

world.
A. longer

B. longest

C. long

D. longs

13. The color illustrations included in the new edition of the book made it
attractive.
A. much more

B. many more

C. that more

D. the more

14. Had we monitored the profit trends, we could have predicted this drop well
A. sooner
15.

B. faster

C. in advance

D. previous

first-aid training is precautionary, often going unused in real life.

A. Less

B. Many

C. Few

D. Much

16. We should have been at the office several hours

A. earliest

B. previous

17. The diamond is

A. most
18. No
A. fewer

D. past

durable than crystal.

B. more

C. Many

D. much

than three banks were forced to close their doors this last year.
B. lesser

19. It is better to hold the vote

A. sooner

C. sooner

B. soonest

C. less

D. lower

than later.
C. soon

D. some soon

20. Rewiring the office to accommodate the new air conditioning units was

as

expensive as the units themselves.

A. just

B. quite

C. moreover

D. same

110

IX: NEGATION
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. Nobody
A. are

hungry.
B. arent

2. No matter

C. isnt

D. is

, you must keep trying.

A. how difficult does it seem

B. however seems it difficult

C. how difficult it seems

D. however it seems difficult

3. The policeman warned the photographer

A. shouldnt come

B. doesnt come

to near.
D. dont come

C. not to come

4. How many eggs have we got?

A. There arent some.

B. Not too much.

C. Theyre no in the fridge.

D. Not too many.

5.

have the employees complained so much about working conditions in

the factory.
A. never

B. ever

C. soon

6. Whats wrong with John? He

A. never

D. forever

used to be so sad.

B. didnt

C. wasnt

7. Unfortunately, neiteher Mr. Sachs

D. isnt

Ms. Flynn will be able to attend the

awards anquet this evening.

A. but

B. and

C. nor

8. To travel from England to Scotland you

A. mustnt have
9.

B. havent got

D. either
a passport.

C. neednt

D. dont need

two people have the same fingerprints.

A. no

B. None

10. The athelet accepted

A. none

C. not

D. nothing

of the offers.
B. Never

C. nobody

D. nothing
111

come with me if you dont want to.

11. I hope you know that you

A. dont have to

B. dont need

C. mustnt

D. cant

12. Ever since theyve discovered that little resort off the coast of Spain, they

any

where else for vacation.

A. didnt go

B. werent going

13. There were

A. non

D. havent gone

adventage in stopping distribution of this product.

B. Neither

14. I dont like tea. Can I have

A. anything other

C. went

C. not

D. no

B. something other

C. something else

D. other thing

15. Excuse me! Cant you see the doctors notice? Do you mind not
A. to smoke

B. smoking

C. smoke

D. be smoking

B. no more

C. more

D. any more

16. Its not raining

A. some more

17. When John arrived at the airport, he went right to the gate because he did not have
uggage to check.
A. any

B. some

18. There way

A. any
19.

C. nothing

D. no

C. Everything

D. anything

C. unless

D. either

I could say.
B. nothing
he leaves or I leave.

A. neither
20. Please
A. not to submit

B. only

photocopies of documents.
B. do not submit

C. no submit

D. not submit

112

X: PRONOUNS AND DETERMINERS

Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The reporter asked the old lady if she had spent
A. few money

B. some moneys

on toys.

C. any moneys

2. He cant go to see her tonight. He hasnt got

A. many

B. a

D. any money
time.

C. some

D. much

C. hers

D. herself

3. I brought my umbrella, but she forgot

A. her

B. Hers

4. She loves
A.

Hungarian music.
B. some of

5. They never do
A. there
6.

C. the

D. a

C. they

D. their

homework.
B. theyre

wanted to see you yesterday.

A. A friend of mine

B. One of my friend

7. She will have

C. One my friend

free time from now on.

A. lot of

B. no

C. few

8. It was past midnight, so there were

A. few

D. A friend of me

B. any

D. many
people in the street.

C. a few

D. less

9. This young man can get along not only with gilr, but also with
A. theyre
10.

B. their

C. theirs

parents.
D. theirs

is often made of wood.

A. Items of furniture

B. Furniture

C. A piece furnitures D. Furnitures

11. By using the new safety equipment,

A. many

B. much

12. Among the Iroquois, everyone prepared

industrial accidents can be revented.

C. alot

D. every
carefully for the gathering

ceremonies.
113

A. hersefl

B. themselves

13. I still have

A. much

C. ourselves

D. himsefl

C. some

D. any

time to spare.
B. a bit

14. Human beings, as distinct from

A. another

B. other

15. The travell agnet gave me

A. a

animals, can think for themselves.

C. others

D. the others

useful information.

B. one

C. the

16. Our host family always invites my roommate and

D. some
to their house on

Sundays.
A. me

B. my

C. I

D. mine

17. I am glad so many people have passed the test. In fact, there were

who

havent.
A. little

B. a little

B. all day

19. There are

A. few

C. all the day

D. all days

leftovers for you in the fridge, she cried out.

B. a few

20. That decision of

A. your

D. a few

so we couldnt go out.

18. It was raining

A. every days

C. few

C. little

D. a little

to repaint the house now was a very smart one.

B. you

C. yoursefl

D. yours

114

XI: ARTICLES
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The book is
A. a, an

accurate guide to popular parks on

west coast.

B. a, the

D. an, --

2. The contractor will give us

A. an, --

A. a, -4. Mr. Ho is

cost of renovating our house.

C. an, a

reading.

B. a, an

D. --, the

B. --, a

C. a, the

B. an, the

B. a, an

7. My sister and I love

A. a

C. the, --

D. the, the

most expensive one on sale.

C. the, the

D. --, the

Western food but my brother prefers local food.

B. an

8. Braille is

D. the, a

music.

lovely car but it is also

A. a, the

big company.

C. the, the

piano and enjoy listening to

A. a, an

D. a, an

book for my aunt because she likes

manager of Sunrise Foods,

A. a, the

6. This is

estimate of

B. an, the

3. Id like to buy

5. I play

C. an, the

D.

C. the

alphabet for blind people consisting of

arrangement of

raised dots.
A. a, a
9.

B. an, a

C.a, an

oldest child in that family is

A. An, a

10. Neil Armstrong was

A. a, -11. Several
A. man

B. The, the

talented muiscian.
C. The, a

first man to step on

B. the, --

D. an, an

C. a, the

D. A, a
moon.
D. the, the

were injures in the accident.

B. person

C. crew

D. people
115

in my aunts house after the holidays.

12. I left a few pieces of

A. cloth
13. The
A. meals

B. cloths

C. clothes

D. clothing

served at the hospital was so terrible that the paitent refused it.
B. food

C. cakes

14. I carried a small bag on broad the plane as the rest of the

D. dishes
was checked in

before the flight.

A. bag

B. bags

15. When a stone hit the hive, a

A. swarm
16. A
A. herd

B. group

B. flock

B. journey

18. Peter bought a bouquet of

A. candy

D. suitcases

of bees flew out.

C. cluster

D. crowd

of sheep grazed on the hillside.

17. The pilot informed us that the

A. flight

C. luggage

B. chocolates

C. shoal

D. troop

would take an hour.

C. trip

D. voyage

for my mother.
C. flowers

D. fruits

19. Salim was late for work because his car had a
A. break away

B. break out

20. Abdullah received some unpleasant

A. news

B. report

C. breakdown

D. break-in

yesterday; his car had been stolen.

C. information

D. knowledge

116

XII: CONJUNCTIONS & PREPOSITIONS

A. Read and the follwing sentences and choose the best answer.
1. Are they good pianists? Malees a good pianist,
A. but Somsri isnt either

B. and Somsri is either

C. but Somsri isnt too

D. and Somsri is too

2. Im going to the market but I cant think of

A. what

B. where

to buy for dinner.

C. which

D. that

3. We both decided go to different things: he wrote a letter

I listened to the

radio.
A. because

B. if

C. since

D. while

4. Tom left his spectacles behind because he was

A. hurriedly

B. hurry

C. to be hurried

D. in a hurry

C. as well

D. also

5. Chote isnt going to go, and Prasit isnt

A. either

B. too

6. Can you explain the difference

A. of

these two words?

B. from

C. between

D. to

B. yet

C. still

D. soon

7. She hasnt arrived

A. only

8. They studied in California

A. on

B. at

9. Lets meet to on the corner

A. of

B. for

10. I can buy a new car now

A. but

B. because

11. Write your name

A. at

six mothns.
C. for

D. with

Gate Street and Charles Way.

C. over

D. from

I have enough money.

C. before

D. between

this paper.
B. on

C. Over

D. between
117

12. Melody
A. yet
13. The
A. next

reads three or more books a week.

B. ever

C. often

train to airport leaves in seven minutes.

B. after

C. soon

14. You can swim, fish,

B. neither

C. and

15. Please put those boxes

B. Under

C. low

B. with

A. every

C. For

B. no

B. Still

19. It hasnt stopped raining

day.
C. only

D. several

C. Ever

D. while

three weeks.

B. with

C. on

20. Biology is a common subject for studenes

A. whose

D. on

need $25.

A yet

A. for

D. fall

meat is equal to 2.2 kilos.

17. Eat three earvings of fruit and vegetables

18. We

D. either

the bed.

16. A pound
A. of

D. near

camp at the park.

A. but

A. down

D. until

B. Who

D. under
want to study medicine.

C. When

D. where

B. Incomplete sentences
Choose the correct answer from the choices a, b, c and d
1. The flight was delayed
A. respond to

B. about

2. Guests may select a single room

A. but

B. and

3. Ms. Quistorf felt hungry

A. only

B. or

bad weather.
C. because of

D. due

a suite with a bedroom and office.

C. or

D. nor

there was nothing at the snack bar she wanted to eat.

C. nor

D. but
118

4.

her vacation she toured every museum in the city.

A During

5.

B. While

C. Because

D. Although

I am tired, I will work late tonight.

A. Or

B. Even though

6. Youll find the papers

A. at

C. Because

the file cabinet on the left.

B. of

C. out

7. The radio advertisement will start airing

A. of

B. in

A. at

Friday.
D. at

a partnership arrngement with another company.

B. to

9. The flight arrives

D. in

C. on

8. A subsidiary has entered

A. in

D. So that

C. into

D. for

Rome in two hours.

B. to

C. for

D. in

10. The air-conditioning systems need to be serviced

A. annually

B. rarely

C. usually

11. The secretary typed up the monthly report, but it

A. still

B. anymore

12. E-mail cannot be sent

A. since

B. until

C. when

B. in

B. already

C. on

D. to

C. for

D. since

the computer screen.

B. by

16. We are travelling overnight

A because

D. that

five years.

15. You can see the details

A. at

D. yet

Thursday afternoon.

14. Weve lived in this flat

A. ago

isnt correct.

the network is operational.

13. Ive got a meeting

A. at

C. already

D. seldom

B. but

C. in

D. on

we want to get there early tomorrow.

C. and

D. though
119

17. The weather report predicts that it will rain

A. neither

B. nor

C. and

18. Several trees fell dow last night

A. because

becom colder.

B. because of

the strong wind.

C. since

19. When the weather is good, more people will travel

A. by
20. At this time tomorrow
A. we flying

B. in

D. either

C. on

D. so
bike.
D. at

over the Atlantic.

B. well be flying

C. well fly

D. we to fly

*****

120

C. NGUN THAM KHO

(REFERENCES)
1. Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, Second
edition, NXB Tp. HCM 2008.
2. Douglas Biber v nhiu tc gi, Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written
English, NXB Pearson Education 1999.
3. Nathan Kim, Peggy Anderson v Elaine Cho, Revolish TOEFL iBT Prep, 2nd
Level, NXB Tr 2008.
4. Paul Edmunds & Anne Taylor, Developing Skills for the TOEIC Test, NXB Tr
2007.
5. Nguyn Tn o & Nguyn Tn Long, Vn phm Anh vn Gin d, NXB Sng
Mi 1969.

121

D. PH LC
(APPENDICES)
I. SAMPLES OF READING COMPREHENSION
Sample 1:
Section A: Fill each numbered blank with an appropriate word/phrase. Mark the letter A,B, C or
D on your answer sheet.
Heidemarie Schwermer, a 63-year-old German woman, has lived without money for the last ten
years, and has written a book about her experiences called My Life without Money. At the age of 54,
Heidemarie (1) her job as a psychotherapist, (2) all her money and her apartment,
and (3) her credit cards. Today, aside from some clothes (three sweaters, two skirts, two
pairs of shoes, and a coat) and a few personal belongings, she doesnt own anything. It all began as a
one-year experiment. In her home city of Dortmund, she (4) a swapping circle where
people exchange services without using money , for example, a haircut for a mathematics class. To
prove that this could work, she decided (5) using money for a year. But when the year
ended, she continued and has not used money since then.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A . quitted

B. stopped

C. started

D. began

A. sent
A. gave

B. gave
B. delivered

C. gave away
C. threw away

D. threw away
D. cancelled

A. built
A.to give up

B. set up
B. to make up

C. constructed
C. to work out

D. made
D. to figure out

Section B: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter A,
B, C or D on your answer sheet.
When e-mail becomes enough
The first person I came across who'd got the measure of e-mail was an American friend who was high up in a
big corporation. Some years ago, when this method of communication first seeped into business life from
academia, his company in New York and its satellites across the globe were among the first to get it. In the
world's great seats of learning, e-mail had for some years allowed researchers to share vital new jokes. And if
there was cutting-edge wit to be had, there was no way my friend's corporation would be without it.
One evening in New York, he was late for a drink we'd arranged. 'Sorry,' he said, 'I've been away and had to
deal with 998 e-mails in my queue.' 'Wow,' I said, 'I'm really surprised you made it before midnight.'
'It doesn't really take that long,' he explained, 'if you simply delete them all.'
True to form, he had developed a strategy before most of us had even heard of e-mail. If any information he
was sent was sufficiently vital, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up. If the sender wasn't
important enough to have his private number, the communication couldn't be sufficiently important. My
friend is now even more senior in the same company, so the strategy must work, although these days, I don't
tend to send him many e-mails.
Almost every week now, there seems to be another report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the
torment of e-mail. But if this is the case, it's only because we haven't developed the same discrimination in
dealing with e-mail as we do with post. Have you ever mistaken an important letter for a piece of unsolicited
advertising and thrown it out? Of course you haven't. This is because of the obliging stupidity of 99 per cent
of advertisers, who just can't help making their mail shots look like the junk mail that they are. Junk e-mail
looks equally unnecessary to read. Why anyone would feel the slightest compulsion to open the sort of thing
entitled 'SPECIALOFFER@junk.com' I cannot begin to understand. Even viruses, those sneaky messages that
contain a bug which can corrupt your whole computer system, come helpfully labeled with packaging that
shrieks 'danger, do not open'.
Handling e-mail is an art. Firstly, you junk anything with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or
from any address you don't recognize or feel confident about. Secondly, while I can't quite support my
American friend's radical policy, e-mails don't all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there's a

122

tendency for correspondence to carry on forever, but it is permissible to end a strand of discussion by simply
not discussing it any longer - or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.
Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn't have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail buddies who
send long, chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. Tough, the
charm of e-mail can lie in the simple, suspended sentence, with total disregard for the formalities of the letter
sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a terse
one-liner, like: 'How distressing. I'm sure it will clear up.'
1. According to the writer, why did the company he mentions decide to adopt the e-mail system?
A. so that the company could contact academics easily
B. to avoid missing out on any amusing novelty
C. because it had been tried and tested in universities
D. to cope with the vast amount of correspondence they received
2. The 'strategy' referred to in the first sentence of the third paragraph is a way of
A. ensuring that important matters are dealt with
B. prioritizing which messages to respond to
C. limiting e-mail correspondence to urgent matters
D. encouraging a more effective use of e-mail
3. According to the writer, what is causing the torment of e-mail' (first sentence of the fifth paragraph)
described in reports?
A. the persistence of advertisers
B. problems caused by computer viruses
C. the attitude of those receiving e-mails
D. lessons learnt dealing with junk mail
4. In the sixth paragraph, which of the following pieces of advice is given?
A. forget about the emails that you dont intend to acknowledge
B. use email as a way of avoiding unnecessary conversations
C. be prepared to break off overlong email communications
D. read your emails even if you are not going to answer them
5. According to the writer, what advantage does e-mail correspondence have over the traditional letter?
A. It is more convenient to send
B. It causes fewer misunderstandings
C. It can be written in a less conventional style
D. It does not have the same time-consuming conventions

Sample 2:
Section A: Fill each numbered blank with an appropriate word/phrase. Mark the letter A, B, C or
D on your answer sheet.
There has been a revolution in the world of newspapers. Not many years (1)_______, newspapers were
still being produced using the techniques unchanged for (2)_______hundred years.
The journalists gave their stories to a typist, who prepared them for an editor, who passed them on
(3)_______ the printer. The printer, who was a (4)_______skilled man, set up the type. (5)_______ was
then collected to make the pages. When the pages were complete, the printing machines could be
(6)_______.
Nowadays, what (7)_______? The journalists type their stories into a computer. The (8)_______ checks
their spelling, plans the page and shapes the articles. When the pages are ready, another computer may
control the printing.
(9)_______can be no doubt about it, producing a newspaper is an entirely different (10)_______ now.
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:

A. ago
A. some
A. to
A. hardly
A. They

B. before
B. a
B. by
B. mostly
B. Which

C. yet
C. an
C. through
C. partly
C. This

D. after
D. any
D. with
D. very
D. All
123

6:
A. switched
7:
A. gives
8:
A. computer
9:
A. It
10:
A. run
Section B: Read the passage below
B, C or D on your answer sheet.

B. started
C. stopped
D. moved
B. occurs
C. goes
D. happens
B. editor
C. typist
D. printer
B. There
C. You
D. We
B. work
C. management
D. business
and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter A,

Long ago, a lot of people thought the moon was a god. Other people thought that it was just a light in the
sky, and others thought it was a big ball of cheese.
Then the telescope was made, and man saw that the moon was really another world. They wondered
what it was like and dreamed of going there some day.
On July 20, 1969, that dream came true when two American men landed on the moon. They were Neil
Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin.
The first thing the men found was that the moon is covered with dust. The dust is so thick that the men
left their footprints where they walked. Those were the first marks a living had ever made on the moon.
And they could stay there for years and years because there is no wind or rain to wipe them off.
The two men walked on the moon for hours. They picked up rock and dug up dirt to bring back to the
earth for study. They set up machines to find out things people wanted to know. Then they climbed back
into their moon landing craft.
The next day, the landing craft roared as the two men took off from the moon. Behind them, they left the
plains and tall mountains of the moon, the machines they had set up, and their foot prints that might last
forever.
1: This story tells_______.
A. about the first men to walk on the moon
B. about how men found the foot prints on the moon
C. about what the men brought back to earth from their trip to the moon
D. about who left the footprints on the moon
2: A telescope______.
A. makes balls of light seem brighter
C. makes mens dreams come true

B. turns the moon in another world

D. makes faraway things seem closer

3: The machines on the moon will most likely last until ______.
A. they are stolen
B. the rain destroys them
C. they become rusty and break in pieces
D. the wind covers them with dust
4: The men brought dust and rock back to earth because_________.
A. they wanted to them to decorate their homes B. they wanted to show their arrival in the moon
C. they were expensive
D. people wanted to know more about the moon
5: The next people to the moon could most likely________.
A. find that the machines have disappeared
B. find the place where Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin walked.
C. leave their first footprints on the moon
D. find that the storm has wiped off Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrins footprints.

Section B: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter A,
B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Edwin Hubbles astronomical triumphs earned him worldwide scientific honors. Yet nobody could
have managed such a future when the 23-year old Oxford graduate began his first job in New

124

Albany, Indiana, in 1913, or that he would discover that the universe is vast and the Milky way
galaxy insignificant.
Hubble majored in science at the University of Chicago. A tall, powerfully built young man, he
excelled at basketball and boxing, and his combination of academic and athletic prowess earned him
a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford.
Owing to a promise made to his dying father, Hubble took a position as a high school Spanish
teacher on his return to America. Though he was popular with his student, Hubble longed to return
to science.
After a year, he signed on as a graduate student at Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin and embarked
on the work that would one day make him famous. Having discovered the universe contains tens of
billions of galaxies, he then formulated what is now known as Hubbles Law: the further away a
galaxy is from Earth, the faster it is racing away. In other words, the universe as a whole is rapidly
expanding. His 1936 book on his discoveries, The Realm of the Nebulae, cemented his public
reputation.
The only recognition that eluded him was the Nobel Prize. By the time the Nobel Committee
decided astronomy could be viewed as a branch of physics, it was too late. Hubble was on the verge
of winning when he died in 1953. He would have been consoled by the fact that his name adorns the
Hubble Space Telescope, which probes the cosmos to depths he could have imagined, but which he
would have fully appreciated.
1) At the time of Hubbles death, he was on the point of winning the Nobel Prize for ____.
(A) the Hubble space telescope.
(B) Hubbles Law
(C) physics
(D) peace
2) When Hubble taught Spanish, he ___________.
(A) was a good teacher
(B) missed the field of science.
(C) became unpopular in the school
(D) improved his teaching technique
3) What does the author state would have pacified Hubble?
(A) Probing the depths of the cosmos. (B) A telescope being named after him.
(C) His reputation with the public.
(D) Astronomy being viewed as a branch of physics.
4) According to Hubbles Law, the universe is ______.
(A) further away from a galaxy.
(B) moving away from the earth.
(C) racing away fast.
(D) swiftly enlarging.
5) When Hubble published his book, he ________.
(A) consolidated his popular standing. (B) was financially successful.
(C) improved as a writer.
(D) only wrote about the Milky Way.

Sample 3: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter
A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852), a German educator, was one of the pioneers of early
childhood educational reform. Froebel's vision was to provide children with a new world, where they
could play with others of their own age and slowly gain knowledge and independence. His vision
became known as the kindergarten.
Froebel's philosophy of education encompassed four basic components: self-activity,
creativity, social participation and motor expression. He defined self-activity as the development of
the qualities and skills that make it possible to take an invisible idea and transform it into a reality: to
envisage a purpose, then formulate and carry out a plan to realize that goal. Froebel's important
contribution to early childhood development was his theory that free play should be used as a means
of self-activity, children could externalize their inner natures through imagination, thought, and
movement, rather than through a prescribed system of activities.
125

Froebel provided children with many stimulating activities to enhance their creative powers
and abilities. He designed a series of instructional materials which he called gifts and occupations.
Another component of his educational plan involved working closely with the family unit. He
believed that parents provided the first and most consistent educational influence in a child's life. He
thought that creating a family setting in the school environment would provide children with
opportunities for interacting socially within familiar territory. Froebel's fourth component, motor
expression, refers to learning by doing rather than learning by rote. He was adamant that a child
should not be placed into society's mold but should be allowed to develop on his own and grow at
his own pace.
Today. Froebel's influence is prominent in all school systems across the United States, and
kindergarten is compulsory in most states.
1. What was Froebel's dream?
a. to teach children slowly
b. to build another world for little children
c. to create a special place for educating children
d. to teach children to play with others
2. What is the importance of self-activity for Froebel?
a. It allows a child to develop skills himself.
b. It makes children skillful in their play with others.
c. It allows children to play by themselves according to a plan.
d. It teaches children to think up and meet their own aims.
3. Froebel devised instructional materials so that..........
a. children could actualize their inner natures.
b. children could become involved with free play.
c. children's creativity could be stimulated.
d. he could give children gifts and occupations.
4. Why did Froebel believe in working closely with the family?
a. because parents have the most educational influence
b. because there should be a family unit at school
c. because the family allows children to interact with others
d. because he could compensate for parents
5. What did Froebel emphasize?
a. Children should make things and not just study.
b. A child should become part of society.
c. The development of children should be controlled.
d. Children should develop in their own way.

Sample 4: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter
A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Portoferaio is the capital of the Italian island of Elba. It is a small seaside town in the north of the
island with a beautiful harbor full of boats and ships which go to and from the port of Piombino on
mainland Italy, about an hour away. Napoleon stayed in Portoferraio in 1814 and you can still visit
his house today.
There are some small beaches near the capital where the water is shallow and safe for swimming.
Bigger, sandy beaches are in the south of the island at Campo di Marina and in the east of the island,
there are mountains over 1,000 meter high, which are covered with trees and wild flowers during the
spring and summer months.
126

If you want a quite holiday, visit Elba in May when the weather is the warm in the day and cool in
the evening, hotels are cheap and its easy t find somewhere to stay. But, be careful. Its very
different in July and August!
1- It takes about one hour to _____________.
a. go to Portoferraio from Piombion by air
b. go to Portoferraio from Piombino by water
c. swim to Portoferraio from Italy.
d. swim to Portorraio from Elba.
2-Visitors to Elba can find beaches which are safe for swimming__________.
a. in the south of the island
b. in the east of the island
c. on mainland Italy
d. in the north of the island
3- __________________is a good time to visit Elba for a quite holiday.
a. July
b. August
c. May
d. April
4- The word shallow in line 5 most nearly means ___________.
a. not noisy
b. not polluted
c. not infected
d. not deep
5- What does the word harbor in line 2 mean?
a. place of shelter for ships
b. place of interest for tourists
c. place of safe for swimmers
d. place of entertainment for sailors.

Sample 5: Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each blank. Mark the letter
A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
Why do people choose the careers they do? Its not as simple as it seems. Obviously, a persons
abilities influence the decision. But there are other less obvious reasons for career choices- and it
is two of these that Id like to talk about today- economic factors and societal factors.
We can see these 2 factors at work if we look at changing patterns of career choice among medical
students in the US. Medical school graduates tend to go into either general medicine- family
practice- or specialist fields such as surgery.
From 1983 to the early 1990s, the percentage of new doctors choosing general practice dropped
from nearly 40% to less than 15%. Since then, though, there has been a dramatic rise in the
proportion of doctors choosing to be general practitioners.
What caused the changes? One factor is economics. Traditionally in the US the family doctor, a
medical generalist- made far less money than medical specialists- doctors who specialized in
treating some particular part of the body. As the cost of medical school rocketed in the early
1980s, so did the number of students wanting to specialize. Entering a high-paying specialty was
an easy way for new doctors to quickly pay back the money they had had to borrow as students.
But relatively quickly, so many medical students became specialists that there was an oversupply
of them. In the early 1990s, some highly trained specialists were unable to find jobs. It became
economically wiser for medical students to choose general practice rather than a specialized
medical field.
How does this relate to the career decisions? Well, when medical students are interviewed today,
many of them say that it is precisely because they are interested in relationship that they are
127

choosing to become family doctors. They say they want to know their patients better than they
could if they were specialists.
1) What is the authors main topic?
a. The decrease in the number of family doctors.
b. Jobs that pay most.
c. How abilities influence the decision.
d. Why do people choose their careers?
2) What was one benefit for medical students becoming specialists in the 1980s?
a. They could pay back loans easily.
b. They didnt have general training first.
c. They were guaranteed a job.
d. They easily got promotion.
3) Why did more doctors decide to go into general practice in the early 1990s?
a. There were more jobs for specialists...
b. Training costs increased dramatically.
c. There were fewer jobs for specialists.
d. Relationships between family doctors and specialists worsened
4) What did many people think was important in the 1980s?
a. To earn lots of money.
b. To develop strong personal relationships.
c. To go to family doctors, not specialists.
d. To pay lower cost of medical school.
5) In the nineties, what reason did medical students give for choosing to become family doctors?
a. They wanted to know patients well.
b. They wanted to have better work hours.
c. They wanted to have a luxurious lifestyle.
d. They wanted to diversify their relationships.

II. SAMPLES OF WRITING TASKS

Sample 1
Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. There / 2 factors / work / if / we/ look / changing patterns / choice / medical students.
..
2. Medical school graduates / tend / go / general medicine / specialist fields.
..
3. 1983 / percentage / new doctors / choose general practice / drop / nearly 40%.
..
4. Since / there / be / dramatic rise / proportion / doctors / choose / general practitioners.
..
5. Enter / high-paying specialty / be / easy way / new doctors.
128

..
6. early 1990s / highly trained specialists / be unable / find jobs.
..
7. It / economically wiser / medical students / choose / general practice.
..
8. I / come here / student / graduate / two years ago.
..
9. I / working / computer technician.
..
10. main difficulty / I / have / be / educational system.
..
Section B: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin the given words.
1. He didnt hurry, so he missed the train.
If
2. Im delighted you have kept within your budget, said the Chairman to our boss.
The Chairman congratulated .
3. The letter was written by the clerk.
The clerk .................................................................................................................................
4. Without effort nothing can be gained.
Nobody ....................................................................................................................................
5. We are pleased when our customers are satisfied.
We take pleasure .......
6. The owner doesnt want to sell the business at the moment.
The owner isnt interested ..
7. I dont agree with our boss when he says we should expand the range of our products.
I think our boss .................
8. We think you ought to change your pricing policy.
We suggest .........
9. They didnt come because the weather was bad.
If the weather ..........................................................................................................................
10. I have to do a lot of homework.
A lot of homework........................................

Sample 2
Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. Lots/ people/ love / there/ because/ it/ be/ pretty/ very
..
2. But/ towns / small / be / inexpensive / pretty / live.
..
3. Yesterday/ I / stay / home / all day.
129

..
4. Last Sunday / I / go / concert / outdoor / great / my friends.
..
5. Then / we / have / out / dinner / go / dance
..
6. People / come / all over the world / visit / city / Hiroshima
..
7. I / learn /English / now/ ten years.
..
8. It / sound / you / have / busy / weekend / three weeks ago.
..
9. One / your friends / own / cassette-player?
..
10. You / think / there / be / intelligent life / the moon?
..
Section B: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin the given words.
1. We saw him cross the street.
He
2. The garage is going to repair the car for us next Sunday.
We
3. Peter has never seen a worse film.
That is the
4. Father never drinks wine.
Never
5. The woman helps us. She was a nurse.
The waitress who
6. Although she was tired, she managed to walk home.
Despite .....
7. The book was too old for us to read.
It was such .........
8. They didnt hurry, so they missed the train.
It .
9. The bus couldnt run because of the flood.
The flood ......
130

10. Most children dont know much about the job of their choice.
Most children have

Sample 3
Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. One / your friends / own / cassette-player?
..
2. You / think / there / be / intelligent life / the moon?
..
3. Lots/ people/ love / there/ because/ it/ be/ very / pretty.
..
4. But/ towns / small / be / inexpensive / pretty / live.
..
5. Yesterday/ I / stay / home / all day.
..
6. Last Sunday / I / go / concert / outdoor / great / my friends.
..
7. Then / we / have / out / dinner / go / dance
..
8. People / come / all over the world / visit / city / Hiroshima
..
9. I / learn /English / now/ ten years.
..
10. It / sound / you / have / busy / weekend / three weeks ago.
..
Section B: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin the given words.
1. Someone killed him yesterday.
He was....................................................................................................
2. She said to me, Follow me.
She told....................................................................................................
3. Why dont you go to the doctor?
She suggested...........................................................................................
4. Shes 20 years old.
Shes at...................................................................................................
5. The bag is too heavy for her to carry.
The bag is so heavy.....................................................................................
6. Lydia decided to give all her money away. She was not rich.
Although .
7. I am not a millionaire. I still would like to help the poor.
If I .
8. Tom had an accident on the freeway. He was listening to music while driving.
131

If he .
9. A friend of mine helped me get a job. His father is the manager of the company.
.; therefore,
..
10. Traffic was very heavy early morning. He managed to come to work on time.
., but
..

Sample 4
Section A: GUIDED SENTENCE BUILDING
Build a complete sentence with the given words.
1. Sister / in love / the doctor.
..
2. She / tell / not / close / window.
..
3. Wall/ too/ high/ climb over.
..
4. I / not / know / how old / she.
..
5. It / take / her / ten minutes / go to school.
..
6. you / been to / London / before?
..
7. My aunt / work / Hitachi / since 1990.
..
8. What / the name / the girl / car / you / borrow?
..
9. I / busy / talk / you / now.
..
10. Now / she / dance / beautifully / than / used to.
..
Make a complete sentence with each set of words or phrases.
1.

Neil Armstrong / walked / moon / lived / the USA.

..

2.

Although / rain / heavy / go / school on time.

..

3.

The teacher / teach us / last year / Mrs. Green.

..

4.

If / I / have / money / buy / car.

132

..
5.

The man / you / see / yesterday / be / my secretary.

..

6.

You / understand / word / teacher / write / the board?

..

7.

The boy / I / want / help / be very poor.

..

8.

You / want / have / coffee / tea?

..

9.

We / do / test / although / it / be / difficult.

..

10. She / not come / party / although / we / invite / her / yesterday.

..

133

III. TEST SAMPLE

B TI CHNH
TRNG I HC TI CHNH - MARKETING
K THI TUYN SINH SAU I HC
MN THI: ANH VN
Thi gian lm bi: 120 pht
(Th sinh lm bi trn giy tr li Khng s dng ti liu)
PART I. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Mark A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet.

1. The Security Department has warned that any _____________ use of the car park on weekends
will result in the vehicle being towed.
A. unauthorized
B. unauthorizes
C. unauthorizing
D. unauthorized
2. __________ it prove necessary to send your payment by money order, please take your request to
the Payment Department, where you find the appropriate forms.
A. Could
B. Would
C. Should
D. Might
3. All prospective employees are requested to ___________ a recent photo as well as copies of all
letters of recommendation.
A. take
B. come
C. bring
D. have
4. The latest __________ to emerge from our production lines is considered by many to lead the
field in the area of mobile communications.
A. product
B. produce
C. producing
D. productivity
5. Would all participants in the years convention, please complete their confidential ___________
and place them in the boxes provided before leaving today?
A. evaluate
B. evaluator
C. evaluated
D. evaluations
6. The manager noted that sales of smaller models had risen significantly but __________ mentioned
the drop-off orders for the electric version.
A. too
B. also
C. either
D. besides
7. Any employee wishing to leave the workplace for any reason during business hours must
__________ a special leave form.
A. sign
B. signs
C. to sign
D. was signed
8. . .he nor she is interested in helping their parents at home.
A. Both
B. Either
C. Neither
D. Each
9. Next month we have a holiday.
A. two weeks
B. two week
C. two weeks
D. two weeks
10. The secretary types carefully..she wont make any mistake in the report.
A. in order to
B. so as to
C. so that
D. in order to
11. It was not until the 1950s that an effective ..for that virus was found.
A. injection
B. vaccine
C. solution
D. method
12. Have you finishedyour clothes yet? .
A. to wash
B. washed
C. wash
D. washing
13. Cheer up! You look!
A. disappoint
B.disappointment
C. disappointed
D. disappointing

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14. Jane is .to solve this complicated problem.

A. not intelligent enough
B. too enough intelligent
C. not enough intelligent
D. such intelligent
15. Look! That man .. to open the door of your car..
A. tried
B. try
C. has tried
D. is trying
16. Weve lived in the same house ..the past 25 years.
A. after
B. for
C. before
D. since
17. ______ there in time, we must start now.
A. Be
B. Being
C. To be
D. Is
18. They have made a lot of progress ________ the country became independent.
A. for
B. since
C. before
D. until
19. The Boeing 747 is twice ____ the Boeing 707.
A. bigger than
B. as bigger as
C. as big as
D. more bigger than
20. They are hanging up their clothes to make them ________.
A. dry
B. being dry
C. drying
D. dried
21. I go ________ school in the morning.
A. at
B. in
C. for
D. to
22. Would you like ____to one of my friends about it?
A. talking
B. to talk
C. talk
D. talked
23. Mr. Brown ________ me a very nice letter a few days ago.
A. sends
B. send
C. sent
D. have sent
24. She ________ a very amusing article in one of the newspapers yesterday.
A. found
B. find
C. finds
D. had found
25. They are ________ their competition now.
A. started
B. have started
C. start
D. starting
26. I have seen many dancers, but Celia dances __________of all.
A. more gracefully B. the most graceful C. the most gracefully
D. gracefully
27. Geologists have ___________ rock samples from the inside of the crater in order to study the
impact of the meteorite.
A. collect
B. collected
C. collecting
D. collects
28. In what city ____________ going to hold the next Democratic convention?
A. they will
B. are they
C. will they
D. they are
29. Many people think that Venice is ___________ city in the world.
A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful
C. very beautiful
D. the beautiful
30. I speak Spanish, ___________ my brother doesnt.
A. and neither
B. but
C. and so
D. either
31. The spectators wanted the new player ____________ the award.
A. win
B. wins
C. would win
D. to win
32. There are ____________ mountain lakes in the Alpine regions of Italy.
A. a little
B. much
C. several
D. any
33. Male employees ____________ wearing jackets and ties today because the air conditioning is
broken.
A. not
B. arent
C. do
D. dont
34. Many people think that smoking must be _____________in restaurants.
A. happened
B. disappeared
C. occurred
D. banned
35. People ____________ receive a lot of letters before they started using e-mail.
A. were accustomed to
B. were used to
C. looked forward to D. used to
36. I was a member of the Country Club's Recreation committee ________ it was first established,
but I quit after a few months.
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37.

38.

39.

40.
41.
42.

43.
44.
45.

46.

47.

48.
49.

50.

A. nevertheless
B. still
C. when
D. since
At our annual board meeting, we decided to release the funds necessary to redesign all work
areas to make the office more ________ for staff.
A. comfort
B. comforters
C. comfortable
D. comfortably
_______ a low-price policy, we will offer competitive prices and quality services to the
customers.
A. According to
B. Further
C. Instead
D. However
________ I have exchanged email and memos with the Regional Vice President, I have never
met him in person.
A. Except
B. Although
C. However
D. Unlike
A friendly personality and a courteous behavior ________ for the receptionist position.
A. are requiring
B. are required
C. should require
D. will require
When you are riding a bicycle you should ________ the handlebars firmly.
A. handle
B. hold
C. hand
D. have
The audience thanked her with six standing ovations, which was _______ remarkable
considering that the concert was nearly canceled.
A. most of
B. all the more
C. many more
D. too much
The green skis and black boots belong to my sister and the gray skis and boots are ________.
A. I
B. mine
C. myself
D. my
I bought a single ticket only on the bus, but my friend bought a ________ one.
A. double
B. new
C. second
D. return
The workmen made so much ________ that Mrs. Walker had to spend three days cleaning up
afterwards.
A. trouble
B. damage
C. mess
D. nuisance
John Kennedy was ________ of the United States.
A. the thirty-five president
C. the president thirty-fifth
B. the thirty-fifth president
D. president the thirty-five
Studies indicate ________ collecting art today than ever before.
A. there are that more people
C. that there are more people
B. more people that are
D. people there are more
I was told that ________ care could have prevented the accident. Is that true?
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
The earth spins on its axis and ________ 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09 seconds for one
complete rotation.
A. need
B. needed
C. needing
D. needs
Since they aren't answering their telephone, they ________.
A. must have left
B. should have left C. need have left
D. can have left

PART II. READING COMPREHENSION

Section A: Fill each numbered blank in the passage below with an appropriate word or
phrase. Mark the letter A,B, C or D on your answer sheet.
The first thing I had to do in London was finding somewhere to live, if possible a small, onebedroomed (1) ________. I didn't want to share a kitchen or toilet; I wanted to be independent in my
own (2) ______place. I decided I could pay a (3)_________ 50 a week. I couldn't find what I
wanted in the newspaper (4) ________so I went to an (5) ___________. They offered me a nice
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place. It was in a modem (6) ________ on the third floor. I had to pay the agency a (7)_______ , and
the (8) _______a big (9) ________and (10)________ from my employer and bank manager.
1.
A. house
B. room
C. flat
D. building
2.
A. self-contained
B. beauty
C. interested
D. interesting
3.
A. money
B. price
C. deposit
D. rent
4.
A. advertisements
B. ad
C. advert
D. advertise
5.
A. office
B. shop
C. branch
D. accommodation agency
6.
A. block
B. place
C. lock
D. floor
7.
A. money
B. fee
C. tip
D. cash
8.
A. housekeeper
B. man
C. landlord
D. owner
9.
A. commission
B. price
C. deposit
D. credit card
10.
A. refer
B. referents C. reference
D. references
Section B: Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each question.
Passage 1:
American beer is probably, together with French beer, the most maligned beer in the world.
Americans possibly care more for liquor and the French definitely like their wine. But now
American beer is making a comeback; it's pushing foreign imported beers off supermarket shelves
and is even causing ripples in markets abroad. And the secret to all this is the microbrew.
Inspired by a campaign for real ale in Britain, which was successful at keeping mass-marketed beers
from destroying the small, local breweries, the microbrew started in the 1970s on the west coast.
However, in the 80s, affluence brought about a change in spending and in taste, this time for the
more expensive foreign beers. But now the micros are back.
Basically all the microbrew is a more flavorful, specialty beer, not mass-produced but produced in
smallish quantities by a small brewery and often sold locally. Samuel Adams sells in New England,
Redhook Ale in Seattle and Brooklyn Lager originally of course from New York, also sells in Japan.
They are spreading their small wings.
People are learning that beer can come in a myriad of tastes and colors, and it can be fresh and
inexpensive, just so long as it is a microbrew.
1.

What is the main point the author is trying to make?

(A) American beer is as maligned as French beer.
(B) Americans care for liquor more than beer.
(C) The microbrew is helping American beer become more popular.
(D) The secret of foreign imported beers is the microbrew.
2.
Why did they start producing microbrews on the west coast in the 1970s?
(A) To compete with foreign beer.
(B) To compete with the mass-produced beers.
(C) The breweries were too small.
(D) There wasn't enough real ale.
3.
What does the author give as the reason why Americans preferred microbrews to foreign
beers?
(A) It was cheaper.
(B) There were too many foreign beers on the supermarket shelves.
(C) Foreign beer has too many flavors.
(D) Microbrews are found everywhere.
4. What is NOT a reason for the success of the microbrew?
(A) Color.
(B) Price.
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(C) Mass-production.
(D) Flavor.
5. What best describes the author's attitude to the new beer?
(A) It's good for America and Americans.
(B) It's important to the less affluent.
(C) It's best as a draft beer.
(D) It has too many flavors and colors.
Passage 2:
Thomas Jefferson disliked the deference in the early American buildings to the architecture
of Georgian England, which served as a constant reminder of monarchial tyranny and the bloody
years of the War of Independence. He aspired to a more timeless architecture, based at first on his
favored Renaissance styles, which in turn were based on the architecture of ancient Rome.
What made Jefferson's buildings especially American was the way they were integrated into
the landscape. His beloved home, Monticello, was pushed into a hilltop so that its spreading service
wings would not obstruct the sweeping panorama of the Blue Ridge Mountains visible from the
house. The building became a part of the hill and made possible views of tilled lowlands to the east
and a rugged wilderness that stretched to the west.
All of Jefferson's buildings were created with a clear view to utility and with a special
relationship to the landscape. He favored grassy terraces with views if possible to the mountains. But
his buildings also showed his idealism, to serve as examples of good architecture, which usually
meant the architecture of classical antiquity, which was for him the architecture of a republic.
6. What is the purpose of the passage?
(A) To show how American architecture has been based on English architecture.
(B) To introduce various types of American architecture.
(C) To explain how republican architecture came into existence.
(D) To describe Thomas Jefferson's taste in architecture.
7. In what way were Jefferson's buildings very American?
(A) They were built on mountains.
(B) They were a reminder of the War of Independence.
(C) They blended with the natural environment.
(D) They were loved by Americans as homes.
8. What was NOT true about Jefferson's buildings?
(A)They were very practical.
(B) They were copies of English architecture.
(C) They were a part of the landscape.
(D) They often had lawn terraces.
9. What does the author feel Jefferson considered a good architect?
(A) Someone who followed his own ideals.
(B) Someone who designed mainly public buildings.
(C) Someone who only copied classical architecture.
(D) Someone who cared more for beauty than practicality.
10. What is the tone of the passage?
(A) Against Jefferson's style.
(B) Critical of his love of classical architecture.
(C) Regretful he did not follow the style of the English.
(D) Neutral.

138

PART III. WRITING

A. Guided Sentence Building
Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences:
1. My family / is / urgent need / money.

2. what / you / do / if / you / lose / job ?

3. wood / use / make / paper / since / nineteenth century.

4. I / hope / find / suitable / school / next few days.

5. workers / try / put / fire / control.

6. Jane / go / that school / and so / my brother.

7. I / look forward / see / you / next month.

8. After / that experiment / I / no longer / lack / any kind / chemicals / my use.

9. Sue / rather / that we / not / leave / yesterday.

10. You / better learn / these / poem / heart.

B. Sentence Transformation
Rewrite the following sentences without changing their original meaning. Begin with the given
words.
1. It is at Mr. Fosters request that Im writing this letter to you.
Mr. Foster ....................................................................................................................................
2. The cost of living has gone up considerably in the last few years.
There has been ..............................................................................................................................
3. I expect that they will get there by lunch time.
I expect them ................................................................................................................................
4. Im sorry I couldnt come to your birthday party last Sunday, John.
Mary apologizes ...........................................................................................................................
5. My cousin doesnt study well because he spends too much time playing games.
If my cousin ..................................................................................................................................
6. The last time I saw him was in 2001.
I haven't ........................................................................................................................................
7. If you don't know how to spell the word, why don't you check in the dictionary?
Why dont you ............................................................................................................................ ?
8. You are a little fat. You dont do exercise regularly.
If you ............................................................................................................................................
9. Rosaline washed my clothes very well.
My clothes ....................................................................................................................................
10. Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me .......................................................................................................................

End of Test

139

MC LC
A. NHNG CH IM NG PHP (GRAMMAR FOCI)
Phn I: Th (Tenses)

Trang
1

1. Th hin ti n (The Present simple tense)

2. Th hin ti tip din (The Present continuous tense)

3. Th hin ti hon thnh (The Present perfect tense)

4. Th qu kh n (The Past simple tense)

5. Th qu kh tip din (The Past continuous tense)

6. Th qu kh hon thnh (The Past perfect tense)

7. Th tng lai n (The Future simple tense)

8. Th tng lai tip din (The Future continuous tense)

9. Th tng lai hon thnh (The Future perfect tense)

10. Th tng lai gn (The Near future tense)

BI TP

Phn II: Cm t v mnh (Phrases and Clauses)

1. Phrases and clauses of concession

2. Phrases and clauses of reason

12

3. Phrases and clauses of purpose

15

4. Clauses of result

18

5. Relative clauses

21

6. IF clauses

26

BI TP

27

Phn III: Hnh thc ng t, Nguyn mu khng TO, Danh ng t hoc Nguyn mu
(Verb form, Bare infinitive, Gerund or Infinitive)

29

1. Verbs followed by Bare infinitive

29

2. Verbs followed by TO infinitive

29

3. Verbs followed by Gerund

30

140

4. Verbs followed by Gerund or TO infinitive

30

5. Causative form and purpose with HAVE

31

BI TP

32

Phn IV: Cu tng thut (Reported Speech)

BI TP
Phn V: Th th ng (Passive Voice)

35
36
38

1. The Present simple tense

38

2. The Present continuous tense

38

3. The Present perfect tense

38

4. The Past simple tense

38

5. The Past continuous tense

39

6. The Past perfect tense

39

7. The Future simple tense

39

8. The Future continuous tense

40

9. The Future perfect tense

40

10. The Near future tense

40

11. Some special forms of Passive voice

40

BI TP

42

Phn VI: S ha hp gia ch ng v ng t (Subject and Verb agreement)

46

BI TP

48

Phn VII: o ng (Inversion)

53

1. Questions

53

2. Exclamations

53

3. After SO, NEITHER, NOR

53

4. After negative and restrictive expressions

53

5. Conditional clauses

54

6. Whole verb before subject

54

BI TP

55
141

Phn VIII: Bin i cu (Sentence Transformation)

62

1. Model 1

62

2. Model 2

62

.3. Model 3

63

4. Model 4

65

5. Model 5

66

6. Model 6

67

7. Model 7

68

8. Model 8

70

9. Model 9

70

10. Model 10

70

11. Model 11

70

12. Model 12

71

BI TP

71

Phn IX: Tnh t (Adjective)

75

1. Cc bc so snh ca tnh t hoc trng t

75

2. So snh kp

76

3. Trt t ca tnh t

76

4. Tnh t tn cng bng ING v ED

77

Phn X: Mt s gii t thng dng (Common prepositions)

78

1. Prepositions of time

78

2. Prepositions of place

78

3. Prepositions of cause, reason, motive

78

4. Prepositions of aim, purpose

78

5. Mt s gii t i vi tnh t hoc ng t

78

BI TP

80

Phn XI: Thnh ng ch s lng (Expressions of quantity)

85

Phn XII: DO or MAKE

89
142

BI TP

89

B. CC BI KIM TRA THC HNH NG PHP

(GRAMMAR PRACTICE TESTS)

91

I. Verb forms & Tenses

91

II. Relative Clauses

93

III. Gerunds & Infinitives

95

IV. Auxialiary Verbs

99

V. Subject & Verb Agreement

103

VI. Conditionals

105

VII. Adjective & Descriptive Phrases & Participial Forms

107

VIII. Comparatives & Superlatives

109

IX. Negation

111

X. Pronouns & Determiners

113

XI. Articles

115

XII. Conjunctions & Prepositions

117

C. NGUN THAM KHO (REFERENCES)

121

D. PH LC (APPENDICES)

122

I. Bi mu phn c hiu (Samples of Reading comprehension)

122

II. Bi mu phn Vit (Samples of Writing tasks)

128

III. thi mu (Test Sample)

134

*****

143